The international air transportation industry has historically been a paradox. While the industry enables globalization, historically, the international air transportation regulatory regime has been largely mired in protectionism. This restrictive regime was developed by national actors, who either owned or heavily subsidized their domestic carriers, and guarded their interests very closely, thus insulating the industry from large levels of foreign competition. This paradox of international air transportation continued until the development of convergence in regulatory policy through the 2007 ‘open skies-plus’ air transportation agreement between the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). This thesis examines the developmental process of this agreement as an examination of policy convergence theory, in order identify the explanatory powers leading to the formation of the ‘open skies-plus’ agreement. To identify the explanatory powers, a comparative analysis is established, using two historical reference points, t(0) and t(1), as case studies. This thesis uses two mechanisms for the development of policy convergence, international harmonization and regulatory competition, to identify why the convergence took place at this specific time and why it was set at this specific level of regulation. Using these mechanisms, the 2002 European Court of Justice (ECJ) ‘open skies’ ruling is identified as the explanatory power for the convergence of policy in this field, and the precedent set by the previous bilateral agreement between the US and the Netherlands is identified as establishing the standards of regulation in the 2007 ‘open skies-plus’ agreement. The thesis concludes with an examination of the prospects for further liberalization of transatlantic air transportation, as well as recommendations for the continued development of the field.

The international air transportation industry has historically been a paradox. While the industry enables globalization, historically, the international air transportation regulatory regime has been largely mired in protectionism. This restrictive regime was developed by national actors, who either owned or heavily subsidized their domestic carriers, and guarded their interests very closely, thus insulating the industry from large levels of foreign competition. This paradox of international air transportation continued until the development of convergence in regulatory policy through the 2007 ‘open skies-plus’ air transportation agreement between the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). This thesis examines the developmental process of this agreement as an examination of policy convergence theory, in order identify the explanatory powers leading to the formation of the ‘open skies-plus’ agreement. To identify the explanatory powers, a comparative analysis is established, using two historical reference points, t(0) and t(1), as case studies. This thesis uses two mechanisms for the development of policy convergence, international harmonization and regulatory competition, to identify why the convergence took place at this specific time and why it was set at this specific level of regulation. Using these mechanisms, the 2002 European Court of Justice (ECJ) ‘open skies’ ruling is identified as the explanatory power for the convergence of policy in this field, and the precedent set by the previous bilateral agreement between the US and the Netherlands is identified as establishing the standards of regulation in the 2007 ‘open skies-plus’ agreement. The thesis concludes with an examination of the prospects for further liberalization of transatlantic air transportation, as well as recommendations for the continued development of the field.

The emergence of astrocasting on the Internet offered an opportunity to study the creation of a Social Media site, and determine the influence of the participants’ perception of this leisure activity and their motivation for it. The Night Skies Network was examined under a Social Media theoretical framework. The motivation for astrocasting was studied using the Self-Determination Theory of Motivation, and its perception as a leisure activity using the Serious Leisure Perspective. The methodology used included a focus group that provided a qualitative perspective, and an on-line questionnaire using the Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure and the Leisure Motivation Scale for quantitative data. The results showed that the Night Skies Network did meet the requirements for a Social Media site, that the participants considered astrocasting as a serious leisure activity, and that they were intrinsically motivated towards it, with a strong emphasis on the Intrinsic Motivation to Know.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Political Science, 2008. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-162).

The international air transportation industry has historically been a paradox. While the industry enables globalization, historically, the international air transportation regulatory regime has been largely mired in protectionism. This restrictive regime was developed by national actors, who either owned or heavily subsidized their domestic carriers, and guarded their interests very closely, thus insulating the industry from large levels of foreign competition. This paradox of international air transportation continued until the development of convergence in regulatory policy through the 2007 ‘open skies-plus’ air transportation agreement between the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). This thesis examines the developmental process of this agreement as an examination of policy convergence theory, in order identify the explanatory powers leading to the formation of the ‘open skies-plus’ agreement. To identify the explanatory powers, a comparative analysis is established, using two historical reference points, t(0) and t(1), as case studies. This thesis uses two mechanisms for the development of policy convergence, international harmonization and regulatory competition, to identify why the convergence took place at this specific time and why it was set at this specific level of regulation. Using these mechanisms, the 2002 European Court of Justice (ECJ) ‘open skies’ ruling is identified as the explanatory power for the convergence of policy in this field, and the precedent set by the previous bilateral agreement between the US and the Netherlands is identified as establishing the standards of regulation in the 2007 ‘open skies-plus’ agreement. The thesis concludes with an examination of the prospects for further liberalization of transatlantic air transportation, as well as recommendations for the continued development of the field. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

The emergence of astrocasting on the Internet offered an opportunity to study the creation of a Social Media site, and determine the influence of the participants’ perception of this leisure activity and their motivation for it. The Night Skies Network was examined under a Social Media theoretical framework. The motivation for astrocasting was studied using the Self-Determination Theory of Motivation, and its perception as a leisure activity using the Serious Leisure Perspective. The methodology used included a focus group that provided a qualitative perspective, and an on-line questionnaire using the Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure and the Leisure Motivation Scale for quantitative data. The results showed that the Night Skies Network did meet the requirements for a Social Media site, that the participants considered astrocasting as a serious leisure activity, and that they were intrinsically motivated towards it, with a strong emphasis on the Intrinsic Motivation to Know.

In recent years, artificial light at night is increasingly recognized as a multifaceted problem that is expanding on a global scale. Astronomers were the first to criticize the loss of the dark, star-filled night. In recent years, biologists, physicians, and scientists from many other disciplines have joined the protest against light pollution.

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Waldai'-Diskussionsklub 2020 mit W. Putin: • Kommentar zum geostrategischen Wandel im Indo-Pazifik; • Podiumsantwort von W. Putin (dt.) zur Bündnispolitik mit China; • Meinungsbeitrag aus Russland (dt.) zu Geostrategien im Indo-Pazifik; • Dokumentation: Textprotokoll des Waldai-Abschlussplenums (2020) mit W. Putin (gekürzte dt. Übersetzung):• Vorwort von Rainer Böhme (Hrsg.) • Kommentar von Wilfried Schreiber: Vollzieht auch Russland eine geostrategische Neuorientierung in der Pazifik-Region? • Übersetzung a. d. Russ. von Rainer Böhme: - Wladimir Putin: Zu den Beziehungen China - Russland und zu einem möglichen Militärbündnis. - Wladimir Pawlenko: Putins Waldai-Rede als Antwort an einen 'aktuellen 'Chamberlain' (Aus: IA REGNUM, Moskau, 28. Oktober 2020). - Dokumentation des Pressedienstes des Präsidenten der RF (Protokoll) Videokonferenz mit Wladimir Putin im Diskussionsklub 'Waldai' 2020.

Thema: Rüstungskontrolle, Nichtverbreitung, Abrüstung - Übersetzung a. d. Russ. u. Engl.; • Synopse zum Diskurs über Regeltreue - Russland vs. Vereinigte Staaten (2017-2020) - Übersetzung a. d. Engl.: • U.S. Compliance Report 2020: Bericht des Außenministeriums der Vereinigten Staaten an den Kongress vom April/ Juni 2020 (dt.):• Vorwort des Herausgebers, Anmerkungen zu den Übersetzungen • Synopse von Rainer Böhme: Zum Diskurs über Regeltreue - Russland vs. Vereinigte Staaten (2017-2020). Anhang: Übersetzung a. d. Engl. von Rainer Böhme: • U.S. Compliance Report: Bericht des Außenministeriums der Vereinigten Staaten an den Kongress vom (April) Juni 2020: 'Adherence to and compliance with arms control, nonproliferation and disarmament and commitments'