CAPES / A produção de carne suína no Brasil tem dado um grande salto nos últimos anos, no seu aspecto quantitativo e qualitativo. Isso permitiu posicionar o Brasil dentre os principais atuantes mundiais no setor da suinocultura. A garantia da inocuidade de alimentos depende da capacidade das indústrias em minimizar a contaminação de alimentos por microrganismos patogênicos, principalmente durante o processamento e estocagem, e controlar para que a garantia continue sendo mantida. Dentre os patógenos existentes, destaca-se Listeria monocytogenes que é um importante patógeno de origem alimentar emergente e causadora de infecções localizadas e generalizadas, levando o individuo ao óbito. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade sanitária do processo produtivo de um abatedouro-frigorifico de suínos, quanto à presença de L. monocytogenes. Inicialmente foram padronizados os métodos para aplicação da PCR e análise de sequenciamento posteriormente aplicado nas amostras coletadas. Duas coletas foram realizadas em um frigorífico que abate suínos localizado na região dos Campos Gerais – PR. Também verificou-se os prazos e custos apresentados por laboratórios particulares brasileiros, fazendo uma comparação com a técnica molecular. A quantidade de amostras positivas da seunda coleta foi superior em relação a primeira, 10 e 3 respectivamente. Com o sequenciamento foi possível observar que a origem da contaminação encontra-se no setor de triparia. Também foi possível verificar que poucos laboratórios possuem a PCR como método de diagnóstico, e provou-se ainda que a técnica pode ser uma ótima alternativa por se apresentar econômica e viável para indústria de carnes. / The production of pork in Brazil has taken a great leap in recent years, in quantitative and qualitative. This allowed position Brazil among the main active worldwide in the field of pig farming. The guarantee of the safety of food depends on the ability of industries to minimise the contamination of food by pathogenic micro-organisms, especially during processing and storage, and to ensure that the guarantee will continue to be maintained. Among the existing pathogens, stands out Listeria monocytogenes, which is an important pathogen of food origin emerging and causing localized infections and generalized, leading the individual to death. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the health quality of the production process from an abattoir-fridge of pigs, as the presence of L. monocytogenes. Initially were standardized methods for the application of PCR analysis and sequencing of subsequently applied in the samples collected. Two samples were collected in a fridge that slaughter pigs located in the region of Campos Gerais - PR. Also it was found that the deadlines and costs presented by private laboratories Brazilians, making a comparison with the molecular technique. The number of positive samples of seunda collection was superior to that of the first, 10 and 3 respectively. With the sequencing was possible to observe that the source of contamination is in the sector of triparia. It was also possible to observe that few laboratories have the PCR as a method of diagnosis, and it has been proved that the technique can be a great alternative to present economic and feasible for meat industry.

The objective of this study was to determine time budgets, blood urea content, total protein and body condition score as adaptive responses to seasonal dynamics by breeding Nguni cows and heifers reared on a sweetveld. Twenty four clinically healthy Nguni cows and heifers were selected for the study. The animals were grouped according to their parities namely: Parity 1 (n=5), Parity 2 (n=5), Parity 3-6 (old cows) (n=9) and in-calf heifers (n=5). Two separate experiments were conducted and running concurrently. In the first experiment time budgets (time spent walking, grazing, lying down, drinking water and browsing) of the cows and heifers were monitored for two consecutive days once a month, while in the second experiment blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein once a month during weighing. Body condition scores were also determined during weighing times. Heifers maintained significantly (p0.05) of both blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (7.5±0.39 mmol/l) and TP (80.7±1.19 g/l) in November. All the animals had the least BUN levels in January (1.93±0.18 mmol/l) while the highest total protein (TP) (82.1±1.08 g/l) was recorded in February. All the animals showed distinct (p0.05) in most behavioural attributes in the cool-wet season. Heifers spent significantly (p0.05) body condition scores, amount of time spent browsing and drinking water. On the other hand, heifers (14.7±1.50%) and first parity cows (13.9±1.50%) traded-off most (p<0,05) of their time walking during the cool-dry season. Similarly heifers spent more time browsing (6.4±0.62%) forage plants (p<0.05) than all the cows during the cool-wet season. Grazing (r = 0.17) and standing (r = -0.18) were correlated (p<0.05) with all the behavioural attributes measured in this environment. It was concluded that seasonal dynamics in trade-off behaviour through time budgeting, maintenance of BUN and TP were necessary for the Nguni cows and heifers to maintain their body condition scores within a narrow range throughout the four seasons.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-03T13:32:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabrício Herbeth Teixeira da Silva.pdf: 3019537 bytes, checksum: 96d349b34b02a450ea5569c0936b5121 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T13:32:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabrício Herbeth Teixeira da Silva.pdf: 3019537 bytes, checksum: 96d349b34b02a450ea5569c0936b5121 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis aims to recognize e present articulations, strategies and power relations that marked foreclosure contracts of supply of green meat and the work of slaughterers until the execution of the work of the model slaughterhouse in the Maguari between the years of 1885 and 1912.Concerning strategies of negotiations, practice of monopoly in the market of meat supply and networks of relationships between the traders and public power at the height of the rubber economy. . This work was based on varied documentary corpus to reflect on the urban supply, the scarcity and lack of meat and its meanings for the population. This research made reflections and discussed concerns and interests of the administrative authorities, the farmers and the dealers in the control of the food supply in Belém do Pará of Belle-époque. From the sources analyzed in this thesis it was possible to perceive the various projects, the political and commercial alliances existing in the capital of Pará in the context of the intense urban transformations of the late nineteenth (XIX) and early twentieth centuries (XX), through the work of the model slaughterhouse and the contracts of supply of meat / Esta tese tem como objetivo reconhecer e apresentar as articulações, as estratégias e as relações de poder que marcaram os contratos de arrematação do fornecimento de carne verde e da obra de matadouros até a execução da obra do matadouro modelo no Maguari entre os anos de 1885 e 1912. Tendo como preocupação as estratégias de negociações, a prática de monopólio no mercado de abastecimento de carne e as redes de relações entre os negociantes e o poder público no momento de auge da economia da borracha. Este trabalho apoiou-se em corpus documental variado para refletir sobre o abastecimento urbano, a escassez e carestia de carne e seus significados para a população. Esta pesquisa efetuou reflexões e discutiu as preocupações e os interesses das autoridades administrativas, dos fazendeiros e dos marchantes no controle do abastecimento de alimentos na Belém do Pará da Belle-époque. A partir das fontes analisadas nesta tese foi possível perceber os diversos projetos, as alianças políticas e comerciais existentes na capital paraense no contexto das intensas transformações urbanas do final do século XIX e princípio do XX, por meio da obra do matadouro modelo e dos contratos de abastecimento de carne

The main objective of the current study was to determine the effect of distance travelled (DT), lairage duration (LDhr) and animal-related factors (animal class, breed, sex) on pre-slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, nanostructure and technological properties of beef. The study was conducted in an Eastern Cape abattoir under the Buffalo City District Municipality. Six genotypes of cattle (Beefmaster, Bonsmara, Brahman, Holstein-Friesian, Non-descript and Nguni) brought for slaughter at the abattoir on different days were used in the study. Slaughter weight (SWT), warm and cold carcass weight (WCW and CCW), fatness and conformation of each animal were measured and recorded. Representative samples of blood plasma and meat quality from the Muscularis thoracis et lumborum (LTL) were collected at slaughter and 24 hours after slaughter, respectively. Heat shock proteins 70kDa (HSPA1A), glucose (GLU), cortisol (CORT), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined from the blood plasma. The representative LTL muscle was used to determine ultimate pH (pHu), lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), meat temperature (Tm), Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) and histological structure of beef. There were significant effects of distance on pHu, Tm, a*, b*, TL%, CK and LDH. Pearson correlations were observed between distance travelled (DT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ultimate pH (pHu), colour coordinates (L*, a* and b*) and Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the 1st (pHu), 2nd (Tm) and 3rd (L*) principal components were the critical meat quality attributes. Positive relationships between carcass weights and beef quality characteristics for bovine cattle where the cumulative percentage of the first six principal component`s (PC`s) (SWT, WCW, CCW, DP, pHu and Tm contributed to 93.4 % of the total variance. Significant correlation coefficients between DT (r = 0.15), LDhr (r = 0.29), Ta (r = -0.52), Tm (r = 0.26), L* (r = 0.33), a* (r = 0.32) and WBSF (r = -0.49) were observed. Meat from Brahman (BR), Non-descript (ND) and Nguni (NG) cows had visible skeletal muscle fibres which were thin and long indicating improved tenderness of beef. Exposing animals to longer hours of transportation did not only reduce glucose levels but also increased the expression of HSPA1A and levels of cortisol. The CK and LDH were not related to beef quality. Therefore, CK and LDH can be used as indicators of animal welfare in slaughter cattle but cannot be used to predict the quality of meat. Bulls were the heaviest, although heifers had the highest dressing percentage than cows. Furthermore, the nanostructure of beef indicated that heifers had the best muscle fibres, sarcomere length and visible intercalated discs. The observed nanostructures of Nguni genotype are an indication of tender meat. Beef from heifers of Nguni had visible and tender meat with traces of intramuscular fat while males had shorter sarcomere length and tougher meat.