<p>Projekti malih hidroelektrana, kao čistih izvora energije, treba da<br />doprinesu ekonomskom razvoju i razvoju društva u cjelini kroz održiv<br />razvoj, tako da je procesu planiranja projekata malih hidroelektrana<br />potrebno pristupiti s posebnom pažnjom. Rezultati ovog istraživanja<br />su pokazali da efektivno i efikasno upravljanje procesom planiranja<br />malih hidroelektrana doprinosi ostvarenju strateških ciljeva<br />upravljanja energetskim sistemom.</p> / <p>The projects concerned with small hydropower plants, which are considered<br />as a clean energy source, are expected to contribute to the economic aspect<br />of sustainable development of society as a whole. Therefore, the planning<br />process of these projects calls for particular attention. The results of the<br />research reveal that effective and efficient management of the planning<br />process of small hydropower plants contributes to the realization of strategic<br />goals set within energy system management.</p>

In Turkey with increasing energy demand by industrialization and urbanization, hydropower seemed to be the most environmental friendly and sustainable solution for the problem. However, hydropower has also environmental effects especially when hydropower projects are numerous on a single river, and they use almost entire water in the river. Environmental flow as a new term became popular in media with increased density of small hydropower projects in Turkey. It is the required flow in the part of diversion for Run-off River type of hydropower plant in order to protect health of the river / in other words, to balance components of the river, including physico-chemical quality standards, surface and groundwater, geomorphological dynamics, social, economic, cultural and landscape values. In this study, an analysis utilizing hydrological (desktop) environmental flow assessment methods is prepared for Turkey, focusing on the Pazarsuyu Basin as a case study, and the results are compared with the applications done by the Governmental Institutions. Moreover, insufficient applications with regard to environmental flow assessment are given and reasons for public concerns are pointed out due to small hydropower development in Turkey.

Technische Neu- und Weiterentwicklungen sowie eine Änderung der Marktverhältnisse sind maßgebliche Motive für Investitionen. Im Bereich der Kleinwasserkraft sind Investitionen – quantitativ betrachtet – bedingt durch die aktuelle Konjunkturflaute nach der Finanzkrise gesunken. Auf der anderen Seite setzt die Politik verstärkt auf die Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien, um das Konzept der Nachhaltigkeit auf diesem Gebiet zu forcieren.

The aim of the present master’s thesis is to explore the feasibility of small hydropower plant for cur-rent hydro energetic potential of the weir on Ohře river, located in the city of Terezín in Ústecký re-gion, Czech Republic. The target of the thesis itself was to design minimally two variants of constructional and technological part. Due to requirements related to maintaining of all functions of the weir construction was decided to design small hydropower plant completely under the water surface, with flap mounted to the roof of the hydropower plant. Part of the thesis was also an economical assessment of designed hydropower project.

This thesis deals with the design of water turbine enabling optimal utilization of hydro-energetic potential of given location (barrage on Úpa river) chosen by ČEZ a.s. company. Moreover, the option of multi-unit layout is discussed. Because of the low-head profile of given location, the technology of swirl turbine in siphon configuration was chosen. Technology of swirl turbine presents new modification of Kaplan turbine with no need of guide vane. Swirl turbine is characterized by its high discharge and high speed. The main part of this thesis is focused on hydraulic design of the turbine.

Technische Neu- und Weiterentwicklungen sowie eine Änderung der Marktverhältnisse sind maßgebliche Motive für Investitionen. Im Bereich der Kleinwasserkraft sind Investitionen – quantitativ betrachtet – bedingt durch die aktuelle Konjunkturflaute nach der Finanzkrise gesunken. Auf der anderen Seite setzt die Politik verstärkt auf die Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien, um das Konzept der Nachhaltigkeit auf diesem Gebiet zu forcieren.

<p>This thesis proposes the design and documents analysis for a Modular River Current Energy Converter (MRCEC) to improve the efficiency of hydrokinetic turbine power systems. The MRCEC can produce electricity from low-velocity river flow with increased energy affordability and availability. The MRCEC, for the scope of this thesis, consists of the hydroturbine and maintenance systems. The turbine in the MRCEC system is a cross-flow cycloidal turbine that yields a high power coefficient (0.515) through a novel pitch variance mechanism involving a 3D cam that adapts to varying river flow conditions to maximize operational efficiencies. The cycloidal turbine is a four-section three-blade turbine that uses a unique hydrofoil profile designed for the MRCEC. The cycloidal turbine is housed in a frame supported by a flotation system to harness energy from near-surface currents. The flotation system, in turn, is connected to the service dock which houses the mooring, debris blockage, and maintenance systems. The mooring system allows the MRCEC to be fixed at the working site while allowing for self-adjustment with varying river depths. The debris blockage system prevents debris carried by the river from interfering with an operational hydroturbine. The maintenance system enables the installation, operation, and maintenance functions by integrating a flipping mechanism to invert the turbine for transportation and maintenance purposes. Mechanisms of these systems are designed to appropriate standards, then simulated to validate functionality at all stages of installation, operation, and maintenance.</p>

Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des microcentrales hydroélectriques à vis d’Archimède. Il s’agit dans ces travaux de proposer une solution alternative à l’hydroélectricité à petite échelle, en exploitant les ressources inutilisées telles que les petites rivières ou les cours d’eau. Ces microcentrales inversent le principe de fonctionnement de la pompe à vis d’Archimède. Elles exploitent la puissance hydraulique disponible dans les usines hydroélectriques de très basses chutes. A partir de l’état de l’art, un modèle numérique est établi pour estimer les rendements, la production d’énergie et la rentabilité pour un fonctionnement à vitesse variable des microcentrales hydroélectriques à vis d’Archimède. Les différents résultats théoriques et de simulation ont été validés expérimentalement sur le prototype de l’INSA de Strasbourg, développé dans le cadre de cette thèse. Enfin, des actions sont menées sur le prototype expérimental afin de maximiser le transfert d’énergie et de limiter les pertes. Pour finir, une stratégie MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tacking) très spécifique est développée et est actuellement en cours d’implémentation. / This work focuses on a small hydro plant which uses the Archimedes screw. This is an alternative solution to smallscale hydropower as it employs unused resources such as small rivers or streams. Archimedes screw plants reverse the pump use principle and employ the available stream power for energy production in very low head application. Based on the state-of-the-art, a numerical model is established to estimate efficiencies, energy production and profitability of variable speed operations for a small hydro plant using Archimedes screw. Several theoretical results and simulations are proposed. We validated them experimentally on the prototype of INSA Strasbourg, developed within the framework of this thesis. Finally, actions carried out on the experimental prototype led to maximizing the transfer of energy and limiting losses. Then a very specific MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control strategy is developed and is currently being implemented.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2018-11-22T21:12:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dayane_Souza_2014.pdf: 1723109 bytes, checksum: 778032d6a7f0e2a7082f2ca51ee1f72f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-22T21:12:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dayane_Souza_2014.pdf: 1723109 bytes, checksum: 778032d6a7f0e2a7082f2ca51ee1f72f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-05 / Ecological works with the phytoplankton community as a basis for monitoring aquatic environments are frequent and of great importance, especially in environments that have undergone anthropogenic actions, such as impoundments, which modify the chemical, physical and ecological attributes of aquatic environments. On the other hand, there is also a concern to know the biodiversity of the various aquatic environments, for which, floristic surveys are of extreme importance throughout Brazil, especially in the state of Santa Catarina, where they are scarce. For that, the environmental variables and the phytoplankton community were evaluated, with focus on Reynolds functional groups (RFGs) in the area of influence of a subtropical small hydropower (SHP) plant in the state of Santa Catarina. The collections were carried out in two phases: pre and post-impoundment, from 2007 to 2013. Statistical analyzes were performed in order to resize the data and to correlate the abiotic and biotic variables. 449 taxa were recorded, distributed in 11 taxonomic groups and 14 RGFs. RGF C, represented by centric diatoms, was dominant in the pre-damming phase. In the post-damming phase, besides RGF C, co-dominance of RGF P (Aulacoseira granulata var. Granulata), RGF N (dehmids), RGF J (chlorophytes) and RGF H1 (cyanobacteria heteocytes) occurred. Low phytoplankton biological volume values were recorded for the Santa Laura SHP in general, however, the highest among the phases was after damming, in the lacustrine region of the reservoir. Also in the state of Santa Catarina, a taxonomic survey of the genus Eunotia Eherenberg in the river Hercílio municipality of Ibirama was carried out. The samples were collected quarterly (April, July and October/2009), in four sampling stations, totaling 12 samples. The study resulted in the identification of 30 taxa of the genus Eunotia, of which four were determined at the generic level. Of the species identified, nine are new citations for the state of Santa Catarina and five for Brazil. / Trabalhos ecológicos com a comunidade fitoplanctônica, como base para monitoramentos de ambientes aquáticos são frequentes e de grande importância, principalmente em ambientes que sofreram ações antropogênicas, como represamentos, os quais modificam atributos químicos, físicos e ecológicos dos ambientes aquáticos. Por outro lado, há também uma preocupação em se conhecer a biodiversidade dos diversos ambientes aquáticos, para tanto, levantamentos florísticos são de extrema importância em todo o Brasil, principalmente no estado de Santa Catarina, onde são escassos. Para tanto, foram avaliadas as variáveis ambientais e a comunidade fitoplanctônica, com enfoque em Grupos Funcionais Fitoplanctônicos (GFs) na área de influência de uma PCH subtropical, no estado de Santa Catarina. As coletas foram realizadas em duas fases: pré e pós-represamento, no período de 2007 à 2013. Análises estatísticas foram realizadas a fim de redimensionar os dados, e correlacionar as variáveis abióticas e bióticas. Foram registrados 449 táxons, distribuídos em 11 grupos taxonômicos e 14 GFs. O GF C, representado pelas diatomáceas cêntricas, foi dominante na fase pré-represamento. Na fase pós-represamento, além do GF C, ocorreu co-dominância dos GF P (Aulacoseira granulata var. granulata), GF N (desmídeas), GF J (clorofíceas) e GF H1 (cianobactérias heteocitadas). Foram registrados baixos valores de biovolume fitoplanctônico para a PCH Santa Laura no geral, porém, os maiores entre as fases foi após o represamento, na região lacustre do reservatório. Ainda no estado de Santa Catarina, foi realizado um levantamento taxonômico do gênero Eunotia Eherenberg no rio Hercílio município de Ibirama. As coletas foram realizadas trimestralmente (abril, julho e outubro/2009), em quatro estações de amostragem, totalizando 12 amostras. O estudo resultou na identificação de 30 táxons do gênero Eunotia, sendo que destas, quatro foram determinadas em nível genérico. Das espécies identificadas, nove são novas citações para o estado de Santa Catarina e cinco, para o Brasil.

This doctoral thesis is focused on hydraulic design of axial turbine by CFD and FEM analyses. The results are runners with nonuniform cascades. Nonuniform runners consist of blades with different axial positions, blades with different pitch angles in runner or indifferent blades. Each runner is designed with respect to 3D printing by FDM or SLS technology and hydraulic measuring. The analyses of the excitation frequencies, modal analysis, shape of the turbine operating range, maximal efficiency, output parameters and cavitation properties are emphasized.