Este trabalho apresenta uma plataforma para coleta e análise de imagens urbanas, que integra Interfaces de Programação de Aplicativos \"Application Programming Interfaces\" (APIs) de sistemas de busca de imagens, Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIGs), mapas digitais e técnicas de visão computacional. Esta plataforma, INACITY, permite que usuários selecionem regiões de interesse e capturem elementos de relevância para a arquitetura urbana, como, por exemplo árvores e buracos em ruas. A implementação da plataforma foi feita de maneira a permitir que novos módulos possam ser facilmente incluídos ou substituídos possibilitando a introdução de outras APIs de mapas, SIGs e filtros de Visão Computacional. Foram realizados experimentos com as imagens obtidas através do \"Google Street View\" onde árvores são capturadas em áreas de bairros inteiros em questão de minutos, um ganho significativo quando comparado com o procedimento manual para levantamento deste tipo de dado. Além disso, também são apresentados resultados comparativos entre os métodos de visão computacional propostos para a detecção de árvores em imagens com outros métodos heurísticos, em um conjunto onde as árvores estão marcadas manualmente e assim as taxas de precisão e de redescoberta de cada algoritmo podem ser avaliadas e comparadas. / This project presents a platform that integrates Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), image retrieval systems, Geographical Information Systems (GISes), digital maps and Computer Vision techniques to collect and analyse urban images. The platform, INACITY (an acronym for INvestigate and Analyse a City), empowers users allowing them to select a region over a map and see urban features inside that region that have relevance to the urban architecture context, for instance trees. The implementation is extensible and it is designed to make it easy to add or replace new modules, for instance, to add a new API to present a map, different GISes and other Computer Vision filters.

The volume of information in the Internet is growing exponentially. The ability to find intelligible information among vast amounts of data is transforming the human vision of the universe and everything within it. The underlying question then becomes which methods or techniques can be applied to transform the raw data into something intelligible, active and personal? This question is explored in this document by investigating techniques that improve intelligence for systems in order to make them perceptive/active to the recent information shared by each individual. Consequently, the main objective of this thesis is to enhance the experience of the user (individual) by providing a broad perspective about an event, which could result in improved ideas and better decisions. Therefore, three different data sources (individual data, sensor data, web data) have been investigated. This thesis includes research into techniques that process, interpret and reduce these data. By aggregating these techniques into a platform it is possible to deliver personalised information to applications and services. The contribution of this thesis is twofold. First, it presents a novel process that has shifted its focus from IoT technology to the user (or smart citizen). Second, this research shows that huge volumes of data can be reduced if the underlying sensor signal has adequate spectral properties to be filtered and good results can be obtained when employing a filtered sensor signal in applications. By investigating these areas it is possible to contribute to this new interconnected society by offering socially aware applications and services. / Sem resumo

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-06T11:00:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cora Rodrigues Junqueira.pdf: 1152321 bytes, checksum: fad8c04ec3b1bfaf39d87f4cdfe98153 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-06T11:00:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cora Rodrigues Junqueira.pdf: 1152321 bytes, checksum: fad8c04ec3b1bfaf39d87f4cdfe98153 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work introduces a bibliographical research with critical reflection on the impact of the collaborative processes in the network, specifically in mobile applications, in the smart cities. The study was based on the contextualization of the theme, with a brief description of the concept of smart cities and origin of the term, as well as the survey and definition of concepts related to the processes of collective intelligence and its derivations, and concepts related to big data and networked organizations, based on the work of Clay Shirky, Manuel Castells, Lucia Santaella, James Surowiecki and Henry Jenkins. After the support of the historical survey, this work approaches the case studies of two companies engaged as mobilizing agents, focused on one of the basic principles of improvement of the city, main focus of this work: urban mobility, with the common ground on data update from a collaborative system, collective intelligence and big data. In order to investigate how and to what extent the collective power is applied in smart cities, acting both a collector of urban data and a agent of change, it was necessary, in short, to understand the functioning of the smart city; to detect how the constitution of communities takes place; the influence of ICT on the development of the city; to analyze how people engage, from the participatory culture and the formation of communities in the applications; in conclusion, to understand the convergence between big data and crowdsourcing in the smart city / O presente trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico, com reflexão crítica referente ao impacto dos processos colaborativos em rede, especificamente em aplicativos móveis, nas cidades inteligentes. O estudo se deu a partir da contextualização do tema, com uma breve descrição do conceito de cidades inteligentes e origem do termo, para assim entendêla na atualidade, bem como o levantamento e definição de conceitos relativos aos processos de inteligência coletiva e suas derivações, assim como os conceitos relativos ao big data e às organizações em rede, baseando-se nos trabalhos de, principalmente, Clay Shirky, Manuel Castells, Lucia Santaella, James Surowiecki e Henry Jenkins. Após o respaldo do levantamento histórico, chega-se nos estudos de casos de duas empresas engajadas como agentes mobilizadores, voltadas para um dos princípios básicos de aprimoramento da cidade, ponto focal deste trabalho: mobilidade urbana, tendo como ponto em comum a atualização de dados a partir de um sistema colaborativo, partindo da inteligência coletiva e big data. Afim de investigar como e em até que ponto o poder do coletivo é aplicado em cidades inteligentes, atuando tanto como coletor de dados urbanos, quanto agente de mudanças, foi necessário, em suma, compreender o funcionamento da cidade inteligente; detectar como se dá a constituição de comunidades; a influência das TIC no desenvolvimento da cidade; analisar como se dá o engajamento das pessoas, a partir da cultura participativa e da formação de comunidades nos aplicativos; em suma, entender a convergência entre big data e crowdsourcing na cidade inteligente

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-03-16T12:00:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcio Joel Barth_.pdf: 2194609 bytes, checksum: 0c1a7161c69d20257d7c5bbfd9340a30 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-16T12:00:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcio Joel Barth_.pdf: 2194609 bytes, checksum: 0c1a7161c69d20257d7c5bbfd9340a30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-25 / PROCERGS - Companhia de Processamento de Dados do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Estudos sobre infraestrutura de redes têm sido realizados e aplicados em várias indústrias de serviços, tais como telecomunicações, distribuição de energia, água e mais recentemente para atendimento das necessidades de infraestrutura de cidades inteligentes que requerem soluções de infraestrutura híbridas. Entretanto, o planejamento de infraestrutura de redes em vários níveis e também com máxima cobertura, é um problema em aberto, pois, geralmente, a literatura apresenta soluções nas quais somente um nível é processado e os problemas são solucionados de forma individual. O planejamento da distribuição e conexão de equipamentos em vários níveis de uma infraestrutura de rede é uma tarefa árdua, pois é necessário avaliar a quantidade e a melhor distribuição geográfica de equipamentos em cada nível da rede, ou seja, no nível 1 são avaliadas as necessidades que atendem diretamente aos clientes, já o nível 2 atenderá as necessidades do nível 1, e que também sejam observados os níveis adjacentes. O resultado que um projetista obtém ao realizar manualmente o planejamento torna-se superficial, devido a inviabilidade de analisar todos os cenários que podem ser obtidos com as informações de quantidades e de distribuição dos equipamentos na região do projeto. Ainda mais complexo é alterar um nível já projetado, visto que é necessário rever a quantidade, localização e caminho entre os equipamentos, refazendo os cálculos do nível alterado, e, consequentemente, o nível anterior e todos os níveis subsequentes. Esta pesquisa apresenta um algoritmo baseado na metaheuristica de colônia de formigas, capaz de procurar por uma solução para o planejamento de infraestrutura de redes híbridas multiníveis capacitadas, resolvendo o problema de recobrimento e planejamento de redes de forma conjunta e obtendo resultados melhores na ordem de 20% no custo da solução quando comparado com outra solução que utiliza algoritmo genético. / Studies on network infrastructure have been used and applied in various service industries, such as telecommunications, power distribution, water, and more recently to meet the smart city infrastructure needs, that require hybrid infrastructure solutions. However, planning multilevel network infrastructures and also with maximum coverage is an open problem, since the literature generally presents solutions in which only one level is processed and problems solved individually. The distribution plan and equipment connection at various levels of a network infrastructure is a ardous task, it is necessary to evaluate the quantity and better geographical distribution of equipment at each level of the network, ie at level 1 are evaluated needs to meet directly to customers, since the level 2 from level 1 will meet the needs, and the adjacent levels are also observed. The result that a designer gets to manually carry out the planning becomes shallow due to impossibility of analyzing all scenarious that can be obtained with the amounts and distribution of information equipment in the project region. Even more complex is change a level already designed, since it is necessary to review the amount, location and path between devices, redoing the calculations of the modified level, and hence the previous level and all subsequent levels. This research presents an algorithm based on ant colony metaheuristics, capable of searching for a solution to the infrastructure planning of hybrid multilevel networks, solving the network planning and coverage problem together and obtaining better results in the order of 20% on the cost of the solution when compared to another solution using genetic algorithm.

Les villes contemporaines font face à de nombreux enjeux : énergétiques,écologiques, démographiques ou encore économiques. Pour y répondre, des moyens technologiques sont mis en place dans les villes via l’utilisation de capteurs et d’actionneurs. Ces villes sont dites intelligentes.Actuellement, les villes intelligentes sont opérés des acteurs qui ne partagent ni leurs données de capteurs ni l’accès à leurs actionneurs.Cette situation est dite verticale : chaque opérateur déploie ses propres capteurs et actionneurs et possède sa propre infrastructure informatique hébergeant ses applications. Cela conduit à une redondance de l’infrastructure et à des applications ad-hoc pour superviser et contrôler un domaine de la ville.Une tendance est d’aller vers une situation dite horizontale via l’utilisation d’une plateforme de médiation ouverte et partagée. Les données de capteurs et les accès aux actionneurs sont mutualisés au sein de ce type de plateforme, permettant leur partage entre les différents acteurs. Les coûts d’infrastructure et de développement s’en trouvent alors réduits.Cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce contexte d’horizontalisation, au sein d’une plate- forme ouverte et partagée, dans laquelle nous proposons :1) une couche d’abstraction pour le contrôle et la supervision de la ville, 2) un mécanisme de contrôle de concurrence gérant les cas de conflits, 3) un mécanisme de coordination favorisant la réutilisation des actionneurs, 4) une implémentation de notre travail par une preuve de concept.L’abstraction que nous proposons se base sur des modèles issus des systèmes réactifs. Ils ont pour objectif d’être générique et représente l’invariant de la ville intelligente : les éléments physiques. Ils permettent aux applications de contrôler et superviser la ville.Pour faciliter le développement d’applications nous uniformisons l’interface de nos modèles. Ces applications pouvant avoir des contraintes temps réel, particulièrement celles qui ont des objectifs de contrôle, nous proposons de tirer parti de l’architecture distribuée de ce type de plateforme.Compte-tenu du partage des actionneurs, nous avons identifié que des conflits peuvent survenir entre les applications. Nous proposons un mécanisme de contrôle de concurrence pour traiter ces cas de conflits.Nous avons également identifié qu’un mécanisme de coordination doit être offert aux applications souhaitant effectuer atomiquement des opérations de contrôle. Un tel mécanisme favorise la réutilisation des actionneurs présents dans la ville.Enfin, nous avons implémenté nos propositions autour d’une preuve de concept, comprenant plusieurs cas d’usages, permettant de démontrer notre travail. / Nowadays cities face several challenges and are concerned by ecological, energetic, economical, and demographical aspects. Smart cities, equipped with sensors, actuators, and digital infrastructures, are meant to tackle these issues.Current smart cities are operated by several actors without sharing sensor data or accesses to the actuators. This is a vertical organization, in which each actor deploys its own sensors and actuators, and manages its own digital infrastructure. Each actor may be interested in a different aspect of city management, for instance traffic management, air control, etc. The current trend is a transition towards a more horizontal organization, based on an open and shared mediation platform. In such a platform, sensor data and accesses to actuators can be shared among several actors. The costs related to nfrastructure deployment and management are therefore reduced for each individual actor. This PhD is a contribution to this volution towards horizontal organizations, with open and shared platforms. We propose: (1) an abstraction layer for the ontrol and supervision of the city; (2) a concurrency management mechanism; (3) a coordination mechanism that helps haring actuators; (4) a proof-of-concept implementation of these contributions. The abstraction layer we propose helps users control and supervise a city. It is based upon formal models inspired by the ones used in the programming of reactive systems. They represent the physical elements present in each smart city, with genericity principles. In order to ease application development, the interface of those models is made uniform. Since applications, especially control ones, may ave real-time constraints, we also list the constraints this poses on distributed infrastructures. As soon as actuators are shared, conflicts may occur between users. Our proposals include a concurrency management mechanism, based on eservation principles. We also provide a coordination mechanism for the users to be able to perform several actions in an tomic way.All these principles have been implemented as a proof of concept. We review several use cases, to demonstrate he potential benefits of our proposals.

The objective of this thesis is to find out the way, how to successfully promote a project which contains all modern technologies called "Smart cities ". The theoretic part is split into two main topics. The first part contains all found information about marketing, Facebook, Instagram. I was describing how the Facebook advertisement works, how to reach the most people etc. The second part is describing, what is the global project called Smart Cities. This thesis describes the concept of a city with 32,000 inhabitants. How does the city promote the concept, what benefits this concept should have for the population, how much money should save? It's also described how the concept will work and cooperate with other European cities and the connection with the rest of the world. The practical part was the population research how they are informed about this project, what they think it should bring and if they see any advantage or disadvantage. The practical part was completed with sociological survey focused on the level of knowledge about this program. The main object was to find the best way how to promote this concept or how to reach the most people.

abstract: Currently, one of the biggest limiting factors for long-term deployment of autonomous systems is the power constraints of a platform. In particular, for aerial robots such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the energy resource is the main driver of mission planning and operation definitions, as everything revolved around flight time. The focus of this work is to develop a new method of energy storage and charging for autonomous UAV systems, for use during long-term deployments in a constrained environment. We developed a charging solution that allows pre-equipped UAV system to land on top of designated charging pads and rapidly replenish their battery reserves, using a contact charging point. This system is designed to work with all types of rechargeable batteries, focusing on Lithium Polymer (LiPo) packs, that incorporate a battery management system for increased reliability. The project also explores optimization methods for fleets of UAV systems, to increase charging efficiency and extend battery lifespans. Each component of this project was first designed and tested in computer simulation. Following positive feedback and results, prototypes for each part of this system were developed and rigorously tested. Results show that the contact charging method is able to charge LiPo batteries at a 1-C rate, which is the industry standard rate, maintaining the same safety and efficiency standards as modern day direct connection chargers. Control software for these base stations was also created, to be integrated with a fleet management system, and optimizes UAV charge levels and distribution to extend LiPo battery lifetimes while still meeting expected mission demand. Each component of this project (hardware/software) was designed for manufacturing and implementation using industry standard tools, making it ideal for large-scale implementations. This system has been successfully tested with a fleet of UAV systems at Arizona State University, and is currently being integrated into an Arizona smart city environment for deployment. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Engineering 2018

Smart Cities are, while hot-and-happening, in the field of urban planning, also a source of confusionand debate. While many argue against the technology-driven and top-down nature of the Smart Citymodel, the bottom-up component is often appointed as the deciding factor in the determinationwhether a Smart City can be successful and contributing to its set goals, or rather resulting in an effortharming the city and its citizens in the long run. This thesis set out to explore the bottom-upcomponent in one of the most revered and most bottom-up Smart Cities of the world, Amsterdam.Remarkably, the research has proven that Amsterdam Smart City, even though it is often seen as oneof the good examples, suffers from the same issues. Its initiatives are an amalgamation of subjectsthat hardly seem to fit under the smart narrative as propagated by Amsterdam Smart City and hardlyany initiatives can be considered truly bottom-up. If one of the prime examples fails to adhere to itsown standards, what does this mean for the concept of smart cities?

Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-08-15T14:38:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1777278 bytes, checksum: 2196e7f609f737e29db2451204418d72 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-15T14:38:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1777278 bytes, checksum: 2196e7f609f737e29db2451204418d72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study suggests the use of a approach to initial urban sensing, in the context of intelligent cities, by data collectors. The approaches currently used for the instrumentation of the cities are usually based on fixed sensors and present challenges relating to power-up, security, maintenance and communication of the sensors, resulting on the increase of the project’s cost. In order to decrease the complexity and costs observed in current models, we propose the use of existing mobility agents (such as metropolitan buses, for example) to provide mobility to traditional sensors. We believe this strategy can help overcome some of the existing challenges and allow a preliminary sensing of the cities in a more affordably way. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed approach, a series of experiments were conducted using climate microstations positioned statically and also in motion. One of the evaluation fronts was to compare the change in average physical quantities obtained through frequent readings versus more sporadic readings that were collected by stationary sensors. Then the results obtained were compared with samples collected in a mobile way with the use of mobile agents equipped with sensors acting as urban data collectors. The results indicate that the approach is very promising and may be used in combination with conventional approaches, such as the initial detection of heat islands, pollution or traffic jam which can subsequently be monitored with equipments of greater precision. / Este estudo sugere o uso de uma abordagem para o sensoriamento urbano preliminar, no contexto de cidades inteligentes, através do uso de coletores de dados. As abordagens atualmente utilizadas para a instrumentação das cidades normalmente se baseiam em sensores fixos e apresentam desafios referentes à energização, segurança, manutenção e comunicação dos sensores, resultando em aumento de custo dos projetos. Visando à diminuição da complexidade e dos custos observados nos modelos atuais, propomos a utilização de agentes de mobilidade já existentes (como ônibus metropolitanos, por exemplo) para proporcionar mobilidade a sensores tradicionais. Acreditamos que esta estratégia possa ajudar a superar alguns dos obstáculos existentes e permitir um sensoriamento preliminar das cidades de forma mais acessível. Para avaliar a viabilidade da abordagem proposta, uma série de experimentos foi conduzida utilizando-se microestações meteorológicas posicionadas de forma estática e também em movimento. Uma das frentes de avaliação foi comparar a variação das médias de grandezas físicas obtidas através de leituras frequentes versus leituras mais esporádicas, coletadas por sensores estacionários. Em seguida, os resultados obtidos foram comparados com amostras coletadas de forma móvel com a utilização de agentes de mobilidade equipados com sensores e atuando como coletores de dados urbanos. Os resultados apontam que a abordagem é bastante promissora e pode ser usada de forma combinada com estratégias tradicionais, como por exemplo na detecção inicial de ilhas de calor, poluição ou congestionamentos que podem ser, posteriormente, monitoradas com equipamentos de maior precisão.

Title: The future of Real estate lies in the Internet of Things Date: 2018-05-22 Grade: Bachelor Thesis Authors: Fabian Henningsson & Harley Ljungdahl Supervisor: Navid Ghannad Purpose: Understand how IoT can create value when implemented within real estate companies Frame of reference: In this part we will present our frame of reference. Our key concepts when gathering this secondary data was IoT, Value creation. These key concepts formed how our model for Value Creation in IoT for real estate companies would look like. Method: In this chapter we have described the method we used to collect our primary data. We have also presented a discussion about why we have chosen the methods we have used and what relevance they have for our survey. Finally, we present the reliability and validity of our sources and research. Empiric: We have interviewed three companies active on the Swedish real estate market. How they use and how they look at the use of IoT technology in an enterprise perspective. Analysis: We have made both a within and cross case analysis on the empirical findings and this has resulted in our model explaining the primary value drivers of IoT in real estate companies. Conclusion: With the help of our primary value drivers in our model and innovation, it´s suggested that the real estate companies can create value with the help of IoT solutions. Keywords: IoT, IoT and real estate, Smart cities, value creation, IT and value creation, IoT value creation and value chain model. Examiner: Thomas Helgesson