The master thesis is focused on processes of distribution of goods in urban areas which are generally called city logistics. The aim of the thesis is to fing out the potential of the application of city logistics in Ceske Budejovice.

Plus de la moitié de la population mondiale vit de nos jours dans les villes. Cette proportion s'élève à 77.5% en France. La densité importante de la population urbaine provoque plusieurs problèmes environnementaux tels que les bruits, les canicules urbaines, les pollutions chimiques ou la pollution magnétique. Dans une ville, les habitants pourraient obtenir des informations sur ces phénomènes grâce aux infrastructures informatiques et au partage de l'information entre services techniques et citoyens. Si l'un des objectifs des villes intelligentes est d'améliorer la gestion des ressources - comme l'eau et l'électricité - un autre est de pouvoir contrôler jour après jour ce qui se passe dans la ville au niveau du climat et des pollutions en collectant des informations locales et en les affichant sur un portail public. Mais ces informations, généralement transmises sous forme de graphiques ou de cartes, ne sont pas faciles à interpréter. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des solutions pour améliorer la représentation cartographique de phénomènes urbains dans leur contexte géographique afin que celle-ci soit facile à comprendre aussi bien pour les services techniques, que pour le grand public non spécialistes de ces phénomènes.Afin de faciliter la perception d’une carte de phénomène, nous proposons une représentation à différents niveaux de détail, une variété de choix de l’espace cartographique ; des symboles simples et adaptifs au phénomène et une identification automatique de zones particulières. Pour les niveaux de détail, nous adaptons la densité graphique aux différents niveaux de détail (optimisation préparatoire dans la base de données) et à l’échelle courante de visualisation (optimisation dynamique et interactive avec l’utilisateur). Pour le choix de l’espace cartographique, un phénomène peut être représenté sur l’ensemble de bâtiments, sur les rues ou sur une structure de géométrie quelconque saisie par l’utilisateur. Enfin pour l’identification automatique de zones particulières, nous identifions les valeurs extrêmes, dépassant le seuil de dangerosité ou les zones de forte dispersion de valeur importante, pour permettre à l’utilisateur de les localiser rapidement. Nous avons proposé aussi d’ajouter le concept de l’observateur et d’adapter la visualisation selon la position de l’observateur afin de diminuer la superposition entre les présentations 3D de différents niveaux de hauteur d’un phénomène, lorsqu’il varie en fonction de l’altitude (et qu’on dispose de ces données) / More than half of the world's population now lives in cities. This proportion is 77.5% in France. The high density of the urban population causes several environmental problems such as noise, urban heat waves, chemical pollution or magnetic pollution. In a city, the inhabitants could get all the information by the computer infrastructures and the information sharing between the citizens themselves. If one of the objectives of smart cities is to improve the management of resources - such as water and electricity - another is to be able to control day by day what is happening in the city in terms of climate and pollution by collecting local information and mapping it in the public portal of cartography. Although the link between civic services, the interactions between people and government institutions is very important, the concerned information, usually represented by graphics or maps, is not easy to for all people to understand and to interpret. Thus the objective of this thesis is to propose solutions to improve the representation of urban phenomena with their geographical context and at different levels of detail so that it becomes easy to understand for the general public.In order to facilitate the perception of a phenomenon map, we propose a representation at different levels of detail, from the most general to the most detailed and to adapt the graphic density to the level of detail (preparatory optimization in the database) and to the current visualization scale (dynamic and interactive optimization with the user); a various choices of the cartographic space, for example a phenomenon may be represented on the set of buildings or streets, or on any structure of geometry chosen by the user; simple and adaptive symbols to the phenomenon; and an automatic identification of particular zones: with extreme values, exceeding the threshold of dangerousness or with a large dispersion, this allows the user to quickly locate areas of interest throughout the visualization. We also proposed to add the concept of observer and adapt the visualization according to the position of the observer in order to reduce the superposition between the 3D presentations of different levels of height of a phenomenon, when it varies according to of the altitude (and that these data are available)

The conceptual evolution of smart cities is highly motivated by the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The purpose of a smart city is to facilitate the best quality of life to its inhabitants. Its implementation has to be supported by the compliant utilities and networked infrastructures. In the current world, it can only be achieved by applying ICTs in an extensive manner. The move towards the smart city's seamless connectivity widens the scope of cyber security concerns. Smart city infrastructures to face a high risk of targeted attacks due to extended cyber-physical vulnerabilities. This creates many challenging research issues relevant to the design and implementation of cyber security solutions. Networks associated with city infrastructures vary from a small indoor one to a large geographically distributed one. The context of a network is an essential consideration for security solutions. This thesis investigates a set of optimal security placement problems for enhancing monitoring in smart city infrastructures. It develops solutions to such placement problems from a resource management perspective. Economy and quality-of-security service (QoSS) are two major design goals. Such goals are translated into three basic performance metrics: (i) coverage, (ii) tolerance, and (iii) latency. This thesis studies security placement problems pertaining to three different types of networks: (i) wireless sensor network (WSN), (ii) supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) backbone, and (iii) advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) wide area network (WAN). In a smart city, WSNs are deployed to support real time monitoring and safety alert (RTMSA) applications. They are highly resource constrained networks. For WSNs, placement problems for an internally configured security monitor named watchdog have been studied. On the other hand, a smart grid is a key driver for smart cities. SCADA and AMI are two major components of a smart grid. They are associated with two different types of geographically distributed networks. For SCADA backbones, placement problems for a specially designed security device named trust system have been studied. For AMI-WANs, placement problems for a cloud-based managed security service have been studied. This thesis proposes a number of promising solution schemes to such placement problems. It includes evaluation results that demonstrate the enhancements of the proposed schemes.

The aim of this masters thesis is to identify, in which phase of adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) application areas of concept Smart City are nowadays Czech regional cities, what is their outlook to 2025 and also identify in which dimensions of concept Smart city, supported by IoT technologies, perceive Czech regional cities the greatest potential. Based on information obtained from the studied materials, the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is described, along with a detailed description of one of its application area, namely Smart City. This area is further divided into specific dimensions, that cover specific application areas which can, through internet technology, support things in a special way. With these insights, the questionnaire (built on identified IoT application areas of smart city) was developed. Thesis should be beneficial for all towns in the Czech Republic, because it provides a comprehensive view of individual IoT application areas of concept Smart City including information on which of these IoT application areas are currently focusing regional cities, and on which they want to focus to the future. On the other hand, the survey results could also be beneficial for commercial entities, which focus on IoT implementation in cities. These entities will be able to recognise which IoT products are currently best for cities.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第23547号 / 情博第777号 / 新制||情||132(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科通信情報システム専攻 / (主査)教授 大木 英司, 教授 原田 博司, 教授 黒橋 禎夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DGAM

Cities have always been the drivers of innovation, growth and change. Cities around the world are still rapidly expanding, especially on the African and Asian continents. Cape Town is one of those cities, where urbanisation rates are high, and crime is persisting at alarmingly high levels with crime rates being among the worst in the country and the world. Additionally, the city is home to 7 of 10 worst-performing police services in the country. Combining these factors, there is a need to look at ‘smart' ways of growth which includes facilitating a safe and secure city for citizens. Although Cape Town is pursuing smart initiatives, these have failed to place communities and individuals among the key stakeholders in the smart planning process. This research focuses on further researching smart city initiatives in Cape Town, placing citizens at the centre of the development process. As Cape Town's mobile phone penetration rate is high and access to Internet is rapidly expanding, this research aims to use crowdsourcing techniques for developing a smart mobile application prototype that is focused on enhancing community engagement and facilitating increased perceived feelings of safety and security for citizens. The study uses a Design Science Research method with Cape Town citizens as the main stakeholders, to propose an artifact based on their wishes, needs and current issues faced with regards to safety and security in the city. The proposed artifact focuses on enhancing community engagement, through a chat room and user-logged incident reports, as well as a customised safe route planning functionality where users can send emergency signals to comembers with the use of GPS live location tracking. The research shows participants are willing to adopt the use of the mobile application prototype, given there is substantial community buy-in, and the functionalities in the app are easy to use and quickly accessible. The study further identifies the need for better police follow up and involvement, as the city's police system could benefit from crowd-sourced crime-data in reducing the number of crimes in neighbourhoods to make citizens feel more safe and secure.

No description available.

After the Smart City: Global ambitions and urban policymaking in Philadelphia is a study of the relationships between digital information and communication technologies, urban policy initiatives for economic development, and the material, spatial consequences of Philadelphia's shift from an industrial manufacturing city to a node in the globalized economy. The rise of `smart city' policy initiatives signaled a shift in urban governance strategies to use digital, information and communication technologies such as sensors, smartphone applications, and other forms of embedded network equipment, combined with analytic monitoring software, to improve the flow of people, goods, and information through a city. In Philadelphia, the `smart city' acted as a rhetorical device to signal a promising, creative, vibrant, and intelligent city for globally oriented, knowledge and innovation-driven enterprise. The city's primary use of the `smart city' term was to describe a civic-engagement effort to build an online, workforce education application to train low-literacy residents--often living in formerly-industrial, now marginalized neighborhoods--with the skills to compete for entry-level jobs in the globalized economy. Jobs, if they materialized, would likely locate in the premium areas of the globalized economy, continuing the social and economic marginalization of much of the city. The research asks: Did the `smart city' vision and associated programs in Philadelphia, such as Digital On-Ramps, result in a lessening of economic inequality, a key stated goal of the programs and promise of the vision? If not, what alternative impacts resulted from them? This work suggests that one possibility is that the vision and associated programs evolved to form a script that promoted Philadelphia as a global city and ultimately drove a new form of digital and infrastructural inequality grounded in a series of new geographies. The analysis concludes by considering the spatial consequences of the `smart city' discussion, arguing that the `smart city' primarily benefited the already-prominent business districts of the city. This dissertation's findings contribute to literature in critical urban geography by discussing the implications of networked information and communication technologies on policy making and the ways urban policies are enrolled in larger shifts in governance strategies to position cities as relevant and competitive worldwide. The key finding of the dissertation is that rhetoric matters: the rhetorical construction of the `smart city' is closely intertwined with the shaping of the `smart city' through policy, practice and applications. The rhetoric of the smart city acted for economic development, creating a discourse of technological determinism in the actually-existing `smart city'. While much recent scholarship on the `smart city' examines the data, control, and infrastructural change side of the topic, to fully critique the `smart city' necessitates examining both sides which work differently despite using the same descriptive language. This division served to shift attention and resources away from addressing the actual inequality--of failing schools and a lack of skills relevant to employers--towards solving problems through an unproven online and smartphone application-platform. In Philadelphia, which serves as the contextual focus of this dissertation, the resources were deployed on basis of a technocratic ideology that masks inequality behind a curtain of perceived need, which shifted the policy discussion away from affecting widespread, formative change and toward technological solutions. / Geography

Yes / Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing the citizens of India to prevent cybercrimes in the proposed Smart Cities of India. Design/methodology/approach: A conceptual model has been developed for identifying factors preventing cybercrimes. The conceptual model was validated empirically with a sample size of 315 participants from India. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS and AMOS softwares. Findings: The study reveals that the “awareness of cybercrimes” significantly influences the actual usage of technology to prevent cybercrimes in Smart Cities of India. The study reveals that government initiative (GI) and legal awareness are less influential in spreading of the awareness of cybercrimes (AOC) to the citizens of the proposed smart cities. Research limitations/implications: The conceptual model utilizes two constructs from the technology adoption model, namely, perceived usefulness and ease of use. The study employs other factors such as social media, word of mouth, GIs, legal awareness and organizations constituting entities spreading awareness from different related literature works. Thereby, a comprehensive theoretical conceptual model has been proposed which helps to identify the factors that may help in preventing cybercrimes. Practical implications: This study provides an insight to the policy maker to understand several factors influencing the AOC of the citizens of the proposed Smart Cities of India for the prevention of cybercrimes. Originality/value: There are few existing studies analyzing the effect of AOC to mitigate cybercrimes. Thus, this study offers a novel contribution.

Le concept de ”Smart Cities” a émergé au cours des dernières années pour décrire comment les investissements dans le capital humain et social, et dans les technologies de la communication (TIC) infrastructures et services électroniques peuvent maintenir la croissance durable et la qualité de vie, par une gestion judicieuse des ressources naturelles et par un gouvernement participatif. Pour nous, Smart City est un environnement réel augmenté permettant l’informatique ubiquitaire, avec web 2.0, qui est collaborative, mobile et contextuelle, les acteurs humains, ainsi que des objets connectés faisant désormais partie intégrante de l’Internet. Dans le contexte de notre projet international France-Chine sur Smart City, nous avons utilisé une approche MOCOCO (Mobilité, Contextualisation, Collaboration) à mener des travaux de recherche avec de multiples applications dans des situations de travail professionnels et à domicile, des situations d’apprentissage mobile contextuelles, ainsi que des applications de Smart City sont prises en compte - le transport, la distribution des marchandises, et des activités sportives et culturelles. Cette thèse se concentre sur les services basés sur la localisation (LBS), et Internet des Objets (IdO), qui sont deux aspects importants de Smart City. Le choix de la Gestion Dynamique des Voies de Circulation comme une étude de cas dans cette thèse est également une bonne pratique d’intégration de nouvelles technologies pour rendre la ville plus intelligente et pour rendre notre vie plus confortable. Selon Schiller et Voisard (2004), les services basés sur la localisation peuvent ˆêtre définis comme des services qui intègrent l’emplacement ou la position d’un dispositif mobile avec d’autres informations afin de fournir une valeur ajoutée à un utilisateur. L’objectif est d’utiliser la mise en œuvre IdO pour améliorer LBS, fournissant l’intelligence ambiante et d’assurer la facilité d’utilisation pour usagers dans des situations dynamiques. L’aspect théorique de nos contributions est que nous examinons la possibilité et la faisabilité de l’utilisation de l’IdO pour augmenter LBS. L’architecture de l’IdO a une capacité d’intégrer divers objets, ce qui fournit à LBS une meilleure gestion des dispositifs de géolocalisation; l’intergiciel de l’IdO, capable de faire l’abstraction des objets et la composition de services, donne la possibilité de déployer des composants de service plus intelligents et personnalisés, ainsi peut améliorer l’intergiciel de LBS. L’aspect pratique de nos contributions est que nous avons choisi une problématique de gestion dynamique des voies comme une étude de cas, validant notre approche d’utiliser l’IdO pour augmenter LBS dans une application de Smart City. L’objectif du système de gestion dynamique des voies est d’assurer une meilleure utilisation de voie de circulation par l’allocation dynamique de voies à différents types de transport. Nous avons fourni l’architecture du système du point de vue de TIC, et un environnement de simulation pour valider la conception de la solution. Nous avons également développé une preuve de concept pour valider les aspects technologiques du système. L’environnement de simulation comprend un simulateur pour simuler la fonction du système et les comportements des véhicules, un éditeur de scénario, et un générateur de trafic en tant qu’outils d’initialisation. Différentes formes de visualisation de résultats de simulation sont également prises en compte. En outre, nous avons développé un outil d’évaluation basé sur la visualisation en 3D, qui permet l’interaction entre l’utilisateur et l’outil en temps réel, pour effectuer des tests d’utilisation comme l’étude des aspects IHM, puisque les facteurs humains devraient toujours être mis en premiers dans le contexte de Smart City. [...] / The concept of “Smart Cities” has emerged during the last few years to describe how investments in human and social capital and modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) infrastructure and e-services fuel sustainable growth and quality of life, enabled by a wise management of natural resources and through participative government. To us, Smart City is a real augmented environment allowing ubiquitous computing, with up-to-date web 2.0, which is collaborative, mobile and contextual, human actors as well as different things (connected objects) are now an integral part of internet. In the international France-China project on Smart City we used the MOCOCO approach (Mobility, Contextualization, Collaboration) to conduct research work with multiple applications in working, learning and social situations; professional and home working situations, professional and teenager contextual mobile learning situations as well as Smart City applications are taken into account – transportation, goods distribution and local sport and cultural activities. This dissertation focuses on Location Based Services, and Internet of Things, which are both important aspects of Smart City. The choice of dynamic management of road lanes as a case study in this thesis, is also a good practice of integrating new technologies to make the city smarter and to make our life more comfortable. According to Schiller and Voisard (2004), Location Based Services (LBS) can be defined as services that integrate a mobile device’s location or position with other information so as to provide added value to a user. During recent years, LBS has evolved from simple GIS applications and positioning of emergent phone callers to more complicated, proactive, application-oriented services adapted to different users. However, heterogeneity of devices, data management and analysis, and HCI aspects are always main challenges for LBS. Our goal is to make the LBS meet the requirements of Smart City, with use of Internet of Things (IoT), integrating a certain degree of ambient intelligence. The theoretical aspect of our contributions is that we examine at component level the possibility and feasibility of using IoT to better support LBS. The ability of IoT architecture of integrating various objects gives LBS a better management of location-aware devices; the sensors can also enrich the data source of LBS. The middleware of IoT, good at objects abstraction and service composition, provides possibilities to deploy more intelligent and customized service components, thus can enhance the middleware of LBS. The practical aspect of our contributions is that we choose a dynamic lane management problem as a use case study demonstrating our approach in regard to combining LBS with IoT for a Smart City application. The goal of the dynamic lane management system is to make a better use of road lanes by dynamic allocation of lanes to different types of transportation. We provide the system architecture, user interfaces and a simulation environment to validate the solution design. We also develop a proof of concept to validate the technological aspects of the lane management system. The simulation environment of the lane management system is another important part of our contributions, it includes a core simulator to simulate the function of the system and the behaviors of the vehicles, and an editor of scenario and a generator of traffic as initialization tools. Different visualization methods of simulation results are also taken into consideration. In addition, we develop an evaluation tool which allows for real time user interaction, based on the visualization of the results of the simulator to conduct user tests for HCI aspects, as human factors should always be considered in the context of Smart City. [...]