Den givna studien undersökte experimentellt om att sova med sin mobiltelefon utanför sovrummet påverkar sömnkvaliteten, jämfört med mobiltelefonen bredvid sängen. Sömnkvalitet mättes genom total sömntid per natt samt en variabel för självskattad sömnkvalitet. Testdeltagarna sov fem vardagar i sträck med sin mobiltelefon bredvid sängen samt fem vardagar i sträck med mobiltelefonen utanför sovrummet och fyllde i data i en sömndagbok dagligen. Resultatet visade att testdeltagarna signifikant sov kortare tid - 21 minuter per natt - när de hade mobilen bredvid sängen. Vidare undersöktes deltagarnas nomofobigrad och hur denna eventuellt influerade resultatet av experimentet, men ingen signifikans fanns. Urvalet var ett bekvämlighetsurval N=25, 13 män och 12 kvinnor, i åldrarna 18–29 (n=14), 30–39 (n=8), 40–49 (n=1) och 50–59 (n=2). Data samlades in genom nomophobia questionnaire och the consensus sleep diary. / The present study experimentally investigated how one’s smartphone’s placement might affect sleep quality. Sleep quality was measured as the variables total sleep time and self-reported sleep quality. The participants slept five consecutive days with their phone by the bed and five consecutive days with their phone outside of their bedroom and filled in data in a sleep diary daily. The results showed that sleeping with the phone by the bed significantly decreased total time slept by 21 minutes per night. Further the study investigated if the participants’ nomophobia score influenced how much they were affected by the study; none of the variables showed significant results. The participants N=25, 13 male and 12 females, were recruited as a convenience selection and covered the ages 18–29 (n=14), 30–39 (n=8), 40–49 (n=1) and 50–59 (n=2). The data was collected using nomophobia questionnaire and the consensus sleep diary.

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓN / Zurita Castro, Jaime, [Parte I], Iturriaga Guzmán, Pablo Patricio, [Parte II] / En un mundo globalizado, en donde cada vez existen mayores retos tecnológicos y la protección al medio ambiente es un atributo valorado, nace en el centro de Santiago, la empresa RRSolution. Una tienda atractiva, que invita a conectarse con la tecnología y el medio ambiente, propone tendencias a través de su sitio web y sus colaboradores. Se dedica a vender Smartphone usados con 18 o menos meses de uso, con origen conocido, garantizados, que dado el presupuesto del usuario pone al límite la decisión de compra que tiene por uno nuevo de bajas prestaciones, contraponiéndose a uno de prestaciones superiores pero usado en excelentes condiciones. RRSolution, busca hacer consciente a los clientes durante las distintas interacciones, acerca de los usos alternativos que puede dar a un Smartphone y en cómo la decisión de comprar de un Smartphone usado beneficia al medio ambiente, sin sacrificar calidad, garantías, o prestaciones. RRSolution, piensa en la economía del cliente, el que puede dejar su Smartphone actual en parte de pago o en concesión, si este cumple con la política de la empresa, amortizando de esta manera su compra. La industria de Smartphone remano facturado, está fragmentada, y que aparentemente se visualiza como un nicho, que en el mundo genera 17.000 millones de dólares y que en Chile existe una demanda global de 16.239 unidades mensuales, que corresponde a 1.796.773.913 CLP. RRSolution quiere obtener aproximadamente el 3% del mercado en 5 años con un 11% de crecimiento anual. La empresa, cuenta con un sólido plan de marketing. El conocimiento de sus socios en la industria de telecomunicaciones, está directamente relacionada con la venta de Smartphone, por lo que conocen a profesionales expertos en tecnología móvil. Profesionales que están a la vanguardia de las tendencias y retos globales a los que se puede acudir en caso de ser necesario. Los proveedores de RRSolution son fundamentales en el modelo de negocio, por tanto, tendrán un trato especial. En este plan de negocios, si bien, no se contempla un plan de marketing para ellos, si existirá publicidad para atraerlos, principalmente en redes sociales. Los proveedores serán atendidos en tienda, pero en una dependencia distinta a la que se atienden los compradores para evitar negociaciones con terceros. El proyecto se evaluará a un plazo mínimo de 5 años y se espera tener un EBIT al quinto año de MM$66,7; VAN $ 30.196.338, TIR del 31%; Payback de 2,86 años y ROE al quinto año del 82,2%.

The focus of this dissertation was the study of the fleeting and incredible experiences that occur during a tourism experience that this paper refers to as Tourism Moments. In study 1, a qualitative inquiry was conducted to gain an understanding of Tourism Moments. The findings produced a conceptualization and description of the Tourism Moment experience. Four different types of Tourism Moments were identified. Further, insight was gained regarding the memorability of Tourism Moments specifically, and tourism experiences at large. In study 2, the impact of smartphone documentation on the experience and memorability of Tourism Moments was conducted. Utilizing an experimental design, several hypotheses regarding the latter were tested. First, the results showcase evidence that travelers who document their Tourism Moments with a smartphone camera negatively impact their consumption experience. Interestingly, the findings also indicate that the use of smartphone documentation significantly improves the memorability of Tourism Moments later. Additional results identified that enjoyment is a significant predictor of memory, and that sharing a Tourism Moment online does not improve its memorability. Together, study 1 and study 2 contribute greatly to both theory and industry stakeholders.<br>

Användningen av information- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT) ökar kraftigt i takt med den snabbt utvecklande teknologin. Smartphones är en del av dagens många IKT-baserade verktyg och är ett resultat av den snabbt utvecklande teknologin på senaste år. Smartphones kan i dagsläget ses användas i flera olika miljöer och innehåller funktioner för att underlätta en persons vardag. Men i takt med det ökade användandet sedan 2011 uppstår ett antal frågor kring påverkan av smartphones på dagens samhälle och dess individer.En del forskning och studier har inriktat sig på att undersöka beroende och påverkan av smartphones inom olika områden. Många av dessa studier är av internationell kontext och påvisar därför resultat relaterade till befolkning av det geografiska området de har undersökt. Denna studie har avsett genom en explorativ undersökning att utforska hur smartphones påverkar dagens unga svenskar med en inriktning på tre centrala områden; användning, beroende och påverkan. Teorier kring IKT, smartphoneanvändning, beroende och påverkan har legat till grund för det teoretiska ramverket medan ett frågeformulär legat till grund för det empiriska innehållet. Studien undersöker unga svenskar mellan 19-29 år och datan som har samlats in har analyserats kvantitativt. / The use of information and communication technology (ICT) is increasing rapidly in line with the rapidly evolving technology. Smartphones are a part of today’s many ICT-based tools and are the result of fast-developing technology in recent years. Smartphones can be seen in several different environments and contains features to facilitate a person’s everyday life. However, in line with the increased use since 2011, a number of questions arise about the impact of smartphones on today’s society and its individuals. Some Research and studies have focused on investigating the addiction and impact of smartphones in different areas. Many of these studies are of international contexts and therefore show results related to the population of the geographical area they have investigated. The purpose of this study has been explore how smartphones affect today’s young swedes with a focus on three key areas; use, addiction and impact. Theories regarding ICT, smartphones usage, addiction and impact have underpinned the theoretical framework whilst a questionnaire was the basis for the empirical content. The study examines young Swedes between 19-29 years old and the data collected have been quantitatively analyzed.

Due to the huge development of technologies in past 20 years, smartphone has been through a huge evolution to be a powerful device with multi-advanced functionality. In this study, we proposed to, by utilizing the ability of CMOS camera on smartphone to capture high-quality pictures with low-light environment as the detector of fluorescence signals, to design and test a smartphone-based fluorescence detection system. Unlike the traditional fluorescence detection methods, a smartphone-based system can provide convenient, low cost and portable detection of fluorescent samples. To assist smartphone to capture clear pictures of fluorescence signal with low background noise, a portable reader that attached on the back of smartphone was designed in this study, which is a cuboid device that provides illuminance signal by using LED for exciting fluorescent samples. It also includes a plano-convex lens and a low-pass filter for the image magnification and reduce noise from surrounding light sources and light source from LED. To further improve the detection results, Noise Reduction Ensemble Averaging (NREA) algorithm was coded in Matlab to significantly enhance the fluorescence signal and reduce noise on the image results. In this study, to verify the proposed functionality of the smartphone detection system, the first experiment was conducted by using 3 different smartphone models (Galaxy S9, Pixel 3 and Oneplus One) to measure the fluorescent signal of a Nanoparticle FITC calibration slide and compare the results with the official referential results. The results from 3 smartphone models showed clear linearity that matches the referential result. To further explore the performance and detection limit of the system on fluorescent samples with lower concentrations, another 2 experiments were conducted by using FITC and Atto-550 samples as the testing objects. For FITC experiment, a 3 steps interrogation method that lowers the range of concentrations of FITC samples for 3 iterations to discover the detection limit of the system on FITC samples by using 3 different phones with different shutter times, and the detection limit is found to be 60 ppb by using Galaxy S9. For the experiment with Atto-550, hydrated and dehydrated Atto-550 samples were measured by using Galaxy S9. The results show the fluorescence signal of hydrated sample is almost unnoticeable even the concentration is 5000ppb. For the dehydrated Atto-550 samples, after 2 steps interrogation, it shows the detection limit is 7 ppb.

The popularity of smart phones has risen throughout the years since first introduced. With the popularity of the devices growing so too has the number of malicious applications flooding the devices’ marketplaces. With more usage there becomes a larger target for malware and exploitation creation. As threats to these devices continue to grow there is a constant need for security to safeguard against these threats. Some attempts to protect smart phones involve building software to analyze applications running on the devices. This attempt has cut back on the amount of malicious software on the marketplace. These attempts however only catch malicious applications after they have been running. This dissertation presents the Secure Android Development Model. The goal of this model is to contribute to security of these devices by having a development model that implicitly builds security into applications. The model ensures a minimal amount of open permissions thus limiting the number of attack vectors that malicious software can make on the devices. By following the model, developers will have all information available during development to make appropriate security decisions in their applications.

A properly conducted forensic examination is one of the most fundamental aspects of a digital investigation. Examiners are obligated to obtain the skills necessary to use forensic tools and methodologies and rely on sound judgment when analyzing a digital device. Anytime during this process, the quality of the methods, skills, and expertise of the examiner may be challenged, thus, placing the forensic value of the evidence collected during the process in jeopardy. In order to combat the potential challenges posed as a result of the forensic examination process, the digital forensics community must ensure that suitable protocols are used throughout the analysis process. Currently, there is no standard methodology forensic examiners use to analyze a digital device. Examiners have made use of a model derived from the Digital Forensic Research Workshop in 2001 and the application of ad-hoc techniques has become routine. While these approaches may reveal potential data of evidentiary value when applying them to digital devices, their core purpose specifically involves the analysis of computers. It is not clear how effective these methods have been when examining other digital technologies, in particular Small Scale Digital Devices (SSDDs). Due to these mitigating factors, it is critical to develop standard scientifically sound methodologies in the area of digital forensics that allow us to evaluate various digital technologies while considering their distinctive characteristics. This research addresses these issues by introducing the concept of an extendable forensic process model applicable to smartphones regardless of platform. The model has been developed using the property of invariance to construct a core components list which serves as the foundation of the proposed methodology. This dissertation provides a description of the forensic process, the models currently used, the developed model, and experiments to show its usefulness.

The wide usage of smartphones makes them an interesting and potential medical device. Given that smartphone cameras have a sufficiently high quality - some of the medical photography done at health care facilities could be done telemedically and by non-medically educated per- sons. Therefore a research of the quality of the photos taken with smartphone cameras has been done. This thesis presents guidelines regarding how inexperienced persons could take high qualitative medical photos with a smartphone. This thesis includes a review of current guidelines within medical photography. A compari- son between two popular smartphones and a professional medical camera has been done - where possibilities and limitations in smartphone cameras have been identified. In order to evaluate the sharpness and the color temperature representation in the photos taken with smartphones, an experiment with realistic lighting and easy accessible color-calibration cards has been done. The execution and the achieved result have formed the basis of the proposed guidelines. The result shows that smartphone cameras are of high quality and thereby could be used as a complement to advanced medical camera equipment. With the help of the proposed guidelines inexperienced persons could acquire sufficiently good medical photos, in order to be used as diagnostic material. This thesis provides a foundation for further research and implementation within the area, with the purpose of becoming an important part of the efficiency improvement within the telemedical health care.

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for gait analysis rely on properly identified foot strikes for step-based feature calculation. Smartphone signals collected during movement assessments, such as the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), have been used to train AI models for foot strike identification and fall risk classification in able-bodied populations. However, there is limited research in populations with more asymmetrical gait. People with lower limb amputation can have high gait variability, adversely affecting automatic step detection algorithms. Hence, fall risk models for lower limb amputees have relied on manual foot strike labelling to calculate step-based features for model training, which is inefficient and impractical for clinical use. In this thesis, decision tree and long-short term memory (LSTM) models were developed, optimized, and their performance compared for automated foot strike identification in an amputee population. Eighty people with lower limb amputations (27 fallers, 53 non-fallers) completed a 6MWT with a smartphone at the posterior pelvis. Automated and manually labelled foot strikes from the full 6MWT and from the first two minutes of data were used to calculate step-based features. A random forest model was used to classify fall risk. The best foot strike identification model was an LSTM with 100 hidden nodes in the LSTM layer, 50 hidden nodes in the dense layer, and batch size of 64 (99.0% accuracy, 86.4% sensitivity, 99.4% specificity, 82.7% precision). Automated foot strikes from the full 6MWT data correctly classified more fallers (55.6% versus 48.1%), whereas automated foot strikes from 2-minute data classified more non-fallers (90.6% versus 81.1%). Feature calculation using manually labelled foot strikes resulted in the best overall performance (80.0% accuracy, 55.6% sensitivity, 92.5% specificity). This research created a novel method for automated foot strike identification in lower limb amputees that is equivalent to manual labelling and demonstrated that automated foot strikes can be used to calculate step-based features for fall risk classification. Integration of the foot strike identification model into a smartphone application could allow for immediate stride analysis after completing a 6MWT; however, fall risk classification model improvement is recommended to enhance clinical viability.

Denna studie undersöker hur produktdesign kan användas för att skapa en smarttelefon som är bättre anpassad för äldre och ovana användare med åldersrelaterade funktionsnedsättningar med genomförande och beskrivning av processen. Syftet är att visa hur processen för en produktdesigner kan se ut vid utformning av en produkt för att möta behoven hos en specifik målgrupp och bidra till att skapa tillfredsställande, anpassade och bättre produkter. Genom avstamp i designforskning och med teorierna användarcentrerad design, åldrande och ergonomisk design med fokus på äldre genomförs en designprocess med olika metoder som identifierar och utvecklar ett koncept som utgår från användarnas behov, krav och önskemål för att visa hur en smarttelefon skulle kunna utformas. Slutsatsen är att produktdesign kan användas genom att fokusera på den fysiska utformningen av produkten utifrån och med hänsyn till äldre och ovana, med åldersrelaterade funktionsnedsättningar genom användarcentrerad design som möjliggör ett mer tillfredsställande resultat genom anpassningar för målgruppens förutsättningar, behov och önskemål. På så vis kan produktdesigners bidra till att skapa tillfredställande, anpassade och bättre produkter, vilket sin tur exempelvis kan förbättra samhället och öka livskvalitén för människor genom inkludering samt tillgängliga och användbara produkter.