Study Design: Methodological study. Objectives: To examine the agreement and validity of using observational risk screening guidelines to evaluate ACL injury risk factors. Background: Post-pubescent females have an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury compared with their male counterparts partly due to their high-risk landing and cutting strategies. There are currently no scientifically-tested methods to screen for these high risk strategies in the clinic or on the field. Methods and Measures: Three physiotherapists used observational risk screening guidelines to rate the neuromuscular characteristics of 40 adolescent female soccer players. Drop jumps were rated as high risk or low risk based on the degree of knee abduction. Side hops and side cuts were rated on the degree of lower limb 'reaching'. Ratings were evaluated for intrarater and interrater agreement using kappa coefficients. 3D motion analysis was used as a gold standard for determining the validity of ratings. Results: Acceptable intrarater and interrater agreement (k≥0.61) were attained for the drop jump and the side hop, with kappa coefficients ranging from 0.64 to 0.94. Acceptable sensitivity (≥0.80) was attained for the side hop and the side cut, with values ranging from 0.88 to 1.00. Acceptable specificity (≥0.50) was attained for the drop jump, with values ranging from 0.64 to 0.72. Conclusion: Observational risk screening is a practical and cost-effective method of screening for ACL injury risk. Based on levels of agreement and sensitivity, the side hop appears to be a suitable screening task. Agreement was acceptable for the drop jump but its validity needs further investigation.

Study Design: Methodological study. Objectives: To examine the agreement and validity of using observational risk screening guidelines to evaluate ACL injury risk factors. Background: Post-pubescent females have an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury compared with their male counterparts partly due to their high-risk landing and cutting strategies. There are currently no scientifically-tested methods to screen for these high risk strategies in the clinic or on the field. Methods and Measures: Three physiotherapists used observational risk screening guidelines to rate the neuromuscular characteristics of 40 adolescent female soccer players. Drop jumps were rated as high risk or low risk based on the degree of knee abduction. Side hops and side cuts were rated on the degree of lower limb 'reaching'. Ratings were evaluated for intrarater and interrater agreement using kappa coefficients. 3D motion analysis was used as a gold standard for determining the validity of ratings. Results: Acceptable intrarater and interrater agreement (k≥0.61) were attained for the drop jump and the side hop, with kappa coefficients ranging from 0.64 to 0.94. Acceptable sensitivity (≥0.80) was attained for the side hop and the side cut, with values ranging from 0.88 to 1.00. Acceptable specificity (≥0.50) was attained for the drop jump, with values ranging from 0.64 to 0.72. Conclusion: Observational risk screening is a practical and cost-effective method of screening for ACL injury risk. Based on levels of agreement and sensitivity, the side hop appears to be a suitable screening task. Agreement was acceptable for the drop jump but its validity needs further investigation.

Study Design: Methodological study. Objectives: To examine the agreement and validity of using observational risk screening guidelines to evaluate ACL injury risk factors. Background: Post-pubescent females have an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury compared with their male counterparts partly due to their high-risk landing and cutting strategies. There are currently no scientifically-tested methods to screen for these high risk strategies in the clinic or on the field. Methods and Measures: Three physiotherapists used observational risk screening guidelines to rate the neuromuscular characteristics of 40 adolescent female soccer players. Drop jumps were rated as high risk or low risk based on the degree of knee abduction. Side hops and side cuts were rated on the degree of lower limb 'reaching'. Ratings were evaluated for intrarater and interrater agreement using kappa coefficients. 3D motion analysis was used as a gold standard for determining the validity of ratings. Results: Acceptable intrarater and interrater agreement (k≥0.61) were attained for the drop jump and the side hop, with kappa coefficients ranging from 0.64 to 0.94. Acceptable sensitivity (≥0.80) was attained for the side hop and the side cut, with values ranging from 0.88 to 1.00. Acceptable specificity (≥0.50) was attained for the drop jump, with values ranging from 0.64 to 0.72. Conclusion: Observational risk screening is a practical and cost-effective method of screening for ACL injury risk. Based on levels of agreement and sensitivity, the side hop appears to be a suitable screening task. Agreement was acceptable for the drop jump but its validity needs further investigation. / Medicine, Faculty of / Graduate

Abstract available in the Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Clodoaldo Goncalves Leme.pdf: 1436143 bytes, checksum: 103bf99e48cc7d95dfcd3e3492ac0ea2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The main purpose of this thesis is to understand the professional identity of a group of Brazilian soccer players - persons who choosed this career as a way to social progress, were excluded from professional sport and now are unemployed. The study attempts to establish fundaments to extend theoretical proposal on the issue of identity as a metamorphosis in seeking emancipation. The study also brings ideas on profession and training of this group of soccer players individuals that literally got out of the game , failing in his goals. Having as background the Critical Social Psychology, the research tries to look soccer in its social aspects, in connection with theories and approaches that provide foundations that enable a critical reading of the world s most popular sport.Valuing life stories, we examine some situations that pervade the lives of our group of soccer players. The study follows up describing a scenario constructed to highlight the importance of Social Psychology approach, exploring the concept of identity and life stories analysis as a way of producing knowledge.Further, it presents a panorama from life stories brought, as well as other analytical elements that link the main situations that soccer players face when they are excluded from the soccer market. This study provides, therefore, a vision of training, socialization and individuation of our target-group; It identifies how structural issues, ideological orientations, and social institutions are bound by the personalities of soccer players soccer stars , normal ones , and losers / A proposta central da tese consiste em compreender a identidade de atletas profissionais de futebol que buscaram essa carreira como estratégia de ascensão social e que, no decorrer de suas vidas, foram excluídos da atividade e estão desempregados. Neste estudo, procura-se desenvolver fundamentos para a ampliação da proposta teórica sobre a questão da identidade como metamorfose em busca de emancipação, além de trazer reflexões acerca da profissão e da formação desse atleta, em especial daqueles que lutaram, porém, em dado momento, se perceberam à margem do espetáculo, não concretizando o sonho de ser um atleta profissional. Tendo como pano de fundo a Psicologia Social Crítica, a pesquisa parte de uma contextualização do funcionamento do futebol em diversas facetas sociais, em conexão com teorias e abordagens que oferecem fundamentações que possibilitam uma leitura crítica do esporte das multidões . Em seguida, valorizando as histórias de vida dos indivíduos, examinam-se algumas situações que perpassam a vida dos atletas de futebol cujo sonho de ascender socialmente por essa via muitas vezes não se realiza. Segue-se com um cenário construído para evidenciar a importância de o estudo ser realizado na área da Psicologia Social, ao explorar o conceito Identidade e o método da análise de histórias de vida como uma forma de produzir conhecimento. Na sequência, apresenta-se um panorama a partir de extratos das histórias de vida trazidas no decorrer da tese, acrescidos de outros elementos analíticos que apontam as principais situações que os atletas de futebol vislumbram quando são excluídos do mercado do futebol. Este estudo possibilita, assim, acompanhar os processos de formação, socialização e individuação desses sujeitos, e identificar como as questões estruturais, as orientações ideológicas, sociais e institucionais estão vinculadas às personalidades dos atletas de futebol bem-sucedidos, comuns e sem clube