abstract: China's city commercial banks were reorganized by the urban credit cooperatives in the same city in the 1990s. Although they are allowed to open branches outside the registered city, the location and the number of their branches have been strictly restricted. It is fatal to them to increase the competitiveness of their branches. Based on the diversity theory and its mechanism, in this study I examined the impact of source diversity of the senior management in the branches of the city commercial bank on the branches’ productivity and their asset yield. Invoking the resource-based theory and the social capital framework, the source diversity lead to the organization resources diversity and the organization knowledge diversity. The results demonstrate that the source diversity contribute to the branches’ competitiveness advantage. Both internal trained personnel and external introduction personnel are important for the branches’ top management team. But one of the two kinds of personnel is more suitable to their middle management team. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2017

Orientador: Luci Regina Muzzetti / Banca: Andreza Marques Castro Leão / Banca: Fábio Reina / Resumo: Hoje a escola se apresenta como um "novo cenário" de inserção de jovens que desde muito cedo se identificam travestis. Essa realidade aponta para uma transformação profunda nas características comuns que formavam o universo das travestis brasileiras, que viam na prostituição a única forma de estarem inseridas na sociedade. Regularidades tendem apontar que algumas mudanças foram primordiais para esse processo, hoje corpos mais plásticos, naturais, forjados a partir de tecnologias menos invasivas, bem como, a possibilidade de transitarem entre estar vestido de mulher ou não, prática somente possível nas gerações atuais, e que fazem com que as travestis ocupem cada vez mais espaços no cenário social Portanto, a pesquisa pretende compreender a partir de mudanças já pontuadas , como é a trajetória escolar e social de um sujeito que se intitula travesti nos dias de hoje . O recurso metodológico seguirá a Luz da teoria sociológica de Pierre Bourdieu que busca identificar o habitus primário, o capital cultura, social e econômico que asseguram nesse sujeito sua longevidade escolar. O estudo da trajetória foi realizado através da análise dos relatos desse agente e permitiu identificar as práticas, estratégias e expectativas que marcaram a sua trajetória escolar / Abstract: Today, the school presents itself as a "new scenario" insertion of young people who identify very early transvestites. This reality points to a profound transformation in the common characteristics that formed the universe of Brazilian transvestites, who saw in prostitution the only way of being inserted into society. Regularities tend to point out that some changes were crucial to this process, now more plastic bodies, natural, forged from less invasive technologies, as well as the possibility of transitioning between being dressed as a woman or not, can only practice on current generations, and that make transvestites increasingly occupy spaces on the social scene Therefore, the research aims to understand from changes already scored, how is school and social trajectory of a guy who calls himself a transvestite today. The methodological approach will follow the Light of Pierre Bourdieu's sociological theory that seeks to identify the primary habitus, capital, culture, social and economic ensuring that your school subject longevity. The study of the trajectory was performed by analysis of reports and allowed this agent to identify the practices, strategies and expectations that marked his school career / Mestre

Os ganhos competitivos adquiridos pela ação coletiva, através do fenômeno de formação de redes colaborativas, podem ser considerados respostas a uma série de pressões do ambiente econômico que limitam ou restringem a competitividade das empresas no início da era da globalização. Estruturada em torno de informações e relações sociais, a partir de 1990 vem se consolidando uma nova abordagem no campo da estratégia, que se propõem a analisar as organizações em âmbito interno, defendendo que as principais fontes de competitividade empresarial são endógenas. Um dos recursos endógenos recorrentes em estudos acadêmicos e empíricos na explicação do desempenho de comunidades e nações, ao longo das últimas duas décadas foi o capital social. Neste sentido, o capital social, torna-se um recurso marcadamente competitivo, funcionando como um potencializador da capacidade individual e coletiva mediante práticas colaborativas podendo tornar-se fonte de melhoria ou manutenção da competitividade em empresas associadas em redes colaborativas. Esta é uma afirmação essencial para o presente estudo, que teve como objetivo geral verificar a relação do capital social com a competitividade das redes colaborativas vitivinícolas da Serra Gaúcha através de estudo nas redes APROVALE e APROBELO, enquanto que os objetivos específicos foram a identificação dos fatores explicativos do capital social, e da competitividade, verificação de características empresariais que interferem na manifestação destes construtos, bem como análise das suas correlações e por fim comparação dos níveis de capital social e competitividade nas duas redes estudadas. Quanto a metodologia, utilizou-se uma survey para medição de capital social e competitividade que foi fruto do trabalho do grupo de pesquisa TSO (Teoria Social em Organizações) e como principais técnicas de análise estatística utilizou-se análise fatorial, regressão linear, correlação bivariada de Pearson, análise de variância e estatísticas descritivas. Como principais resultados do estudo estão à presença de altos índices de capital social no cluster vitivinícola da Serra Gaúcha, distribuídos uniformemente entre as três dimensões estudadas, às altas correlações presentes entre o capital social e a melhoria da competitividade, os altos coeficientes de determinação entre eles, bem como, que estes dois construtos compartilham variáveis determinantes e essencialmente subjetivas. Ainda, perante os resultados tornou-se possível afirmar que diferentes combinações de elementos vinculados aos dois construtos levam a resultados diferenciados, ou a realidades organizacionais idiossincráticas. O estudo finaliza destacando as contribuições confirmadas pela literatura pesquisada, as contribuições discrepantes em relação a literatura pesquisada, contribuições metodológicas, limitações da pesquisa e sugestões para estudos futuros. / The competitive gains acquired by collective action, through the phenomenon of collaborative networks can be considered responses to a series of pressures of the economic environment that limit or restrict the competitiveness of companies in the early age of globalization. Structured around information and social relations since 1990 has consolidated a new approach in the field of strategy, they propose to analyze organizations in the domestic sphere, arguing that the main sources of business competitiveness are endogenous. One of the endogenous resources in academic studies and empirical explanation of the performance of communities and nations, over the past two decades has been the social capital. In this sense, social capital becomes a resource strongly competitive, functioning as an enhancer of the individual and collective capacity through collaborative practices can become a source of improvement or maintenance of the competitiveness of member companies through collaborative networks. This is a key statement for the present study, which aimed to verify the relationship of social capital and competitiveness of collaborative networks of Serra Gaucha Wine cluster by studying networks APROVALE and APROBELO, while the specific objectives were to identify the factors explain the social capital and competitiveness, verification of company characteristics that influence the expression of these constructs as well, analysis of their correlations and finally comparing the levels of social capital and competitiveness of the two studied networks. For the methodology, we used a survey to measure social capital and competitiveness was the result of work of the research group TSO (Social Theory in Organizations) and the main statistical analysis used the factor analysis, linear regression, bivariate correlation Pearson, analysis of variance and descriptive statistics. The main results of the study are the presence of high levels of social capital in the Serra Gaúcha wine cluster evenly distributed between the three dimensions studied, the present high correlations between social capital and improve competitiveness, too distributed on three dimensions, the high correlation coefficients among them, and that these two constructs share determinant variables and essentially subjective. Still, before the results became possible to say that different combinations of elements linked to the two constructs lead two different results, or the idiosyncratic organizational realities. The study concludes highlighting the contributions confirmed by the literature, the differing contributions for literature, methodological contributions, research limitations and suggestions for future studies.

Falhas de mercado, como imperfeições informacionais e dificuldades de fazer com que os contratos sejam cumpridos, podem levar arranjos financeiros alternativos, como cooperativas de crédito, a permitir o acesso a crédito que de outra forma não seria possível. Tal vantagem depende de características locais como a confiança e informação compartilhada no município (que pode ser chamado de capital social). Esta dissertação realiza uma avaliação empírica decorrente da ideia expressa acima. Nela testa-se se o capital social - medido por variáveis como votos brancos e nulos em eleições para vereador, homogeneidade de renda, religião e raça - impacta a quantidade de cooperativas de crédito existentes nos municípios brasileiros de 2000 a 2008. Os resultados corroboram a tese exposta indicando que o capital social está positivamente relacionado com o número de cooperativas no Brasil.Todavia, os resultados dependem de quais variáveis são utilizadas como medidas de capital social. É possível que algumas variáveis de homogeneidade e imigração utilizadas não sejam boas medidas de capital social. Ademais, também há indícios que essa relação positiva não é fruto apenas de uma relação positiva com o crédito em geral. / Market failures such as informational imperfections and problems with enforcement may lead alternative financial arrangements, such as credit unions, to have superior results compared to the traditional banking system. This advantage depends on local characteristics such as trust and shared information, or social capital, in the municipality. Thisdissertation conducts an empirical evaluation due to the idea expressed above. It tests if the social capital, measured by valid votes in elections for city council, homogeneity of income, religion and race, impacts the amount of credit unions in Brazilian municipalities from 2000 to 2008. The results confirm the thesis exposed above indicating that social capital is positively related to the number of credit unions in Brazil. However, the results depend on which variables are used to measure the social capital existing. It is possible that some variables used related to homogeneity and immigration are not good measures of social capital. Moreover, there is also evidence that this positive association is not only the result of a positive relationship with credit in general.

Várias ciências sociais desenvolveram teorias sobre o crime. Mas foi na Economia que uma teoria geral do crime foi desenvolvida de forma mais completa. Porém, a comprovação empírica da teoria econômica do crime não é totalmente satisfatória, fornece uma explicação apenas parcial do fenômeno. Além disso, sua aplicação estrita parece ter gerado problemas, como o crescimento exagerado da população encarcerada. Nesta Tese procura-se analisar possíveis deficiências nessa teoria, em especial as resultantes da aplicação estrita do postulado da racionalidade, e confrontá-la com explicações adicionais e complementares que poderiam gerar uma visão do crime mais completa. Argumenta-se que teorias complementares do capital social e da vitimização podem ser integradas nos modelos existentes e melhorar o entendimento do que causa o crime. Finalmente, pelos dados de uma pesquisa de vitimização conduzida com a finalidade de comprender melhor o crime na cidade de São Paulo, procura-se estimar os efeitos de variáveis ligadas ao capital social e à vitimização para comprovar a influência desses elementos sobre o crime. O resultado mostra que crimes diversos são explicados por variáveis diferentes, sendo difícil aceitar uma explicação única, simples e geral. Crimes com motivação econômica (roubos e furtos), conforme esperado, dependem mais de variáveis econômicas enquanto os sem essa motivação (agressões físicas e vebais) encontram no capital social uma explicação relevante. / Various social sciences developed theories about crime. But it was in economics that a general theory was developed in its most complete form, However a total empirical evidence of the economic theory of the crime is not totally satisfactory, supplying only a explanation of the phenomenon. Besides this, its strict application only supplies a general exaggeration of the population put into jail. In this Thesis one analyses possible deficiencies in this theory, specially the strict application of the theory of the postulate of rationality, and confront it with additional explanations that could generate a more complete vision of crime. On argues that complementary theories about social capital and victimization could be integrated into the existing model and improve the understanding of what causes crime. Finally, with the data of a research on victimization whose objective was to understand the crime in São Paulo city, one looks forward to estimate the effects Social Capital and their influence over crime. The result shows that diverse crimes are explained by diverse variables, being difficult to accept one only explanation, simple and direct. Crimes with economic motivation (robberies) as expected depend more on such economic variables while crimes with no such explanations (physical and economic aggressions) find more relevance on social capital.

Orientador: Silvia Cristina Franco Amaral / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T00:14:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_AnaPaulaCunha_D.pdf: 6691352 bytes, checksum: 0a6d49752216a99bf92c90e9e68755e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa aborda discussões acerca do lazer da cidade de Angra dos Reis-RJ, interligado ao negócio da residência secundária. No Brasil, os estudiosos conceituam residência secundária como imóveis particulares usufruídos por pessoas que possuem residência permanente em outro lugar. Este conceito se aplica em parte a realidade de Angra de dos Reis, pois apresenta lacunas quanto aos aspectos relevantes que envolvem a residência secundária, tais como: distribuição, características, função, planejamento urbano e impactos sociais. Nesta pesquisa, considerou-se especificamente, o que torna a residência secundária uma problemática passível de reflexão para o lazer do morador local, ou seja, as residências secundárias que seguem o modelo das gated communities. Trata-se de residências fechadas, cerceadas por muros, com sistemas de segurança que controlam entradas e saídas, com infraestrutura de lazer e comércio exclusivas. Inaugurada-nos E.U.A no início da década de 1980, este tipo de tipo de residência secundária, se iguala as inúmeras existentes em Angra dos Reis, ocupando em sua maioria, áreas de praias, cachoeiras e matas da região. Um elemento fundamental da residência secundária que interfere no lazer da população local é a exclusividade dos espaços naturais, vendida pelo mercado imobiliário. Com base nestes pressupostos, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as relações sociais estabelecidas entre moradores locais e residentes secundários considerando um interesse em comum nestes grupos de padrões socioeconômicos diferenciados: a fruição do lazer em espaços naturais. Por meio da etnografia, realizaram-se observações e entrevistas com moradores locais, residentes secundários e dirigentes de instituições públicas e privadas, que servirão como fontes primárias dos dados. Utilizaram-se também documentos de instituições e fotos do bairro Frade como fontes secundárias dos dados. Esta sistemática para obtenção dos dados ocorreu em quatro etapas (totalizando 8 meses). A escolha do bairro localizado no 2° Distrito da região, seguiu o modelo de seleção denominado de "escolha intencional". Embora, esse critério seja propenso a críticas de cunho ético, a experiência com o campo confirmou a possibilidade de lidar com os dilemas surgidos das interações entre pesquisador-pesquisados. A realidade do lazer no Frade, revelou a gênese e o funcionamento de uma rede de relações, sustentadas não somente por moradores locais e residentes secundários, mas também, por dirigentes de condomínios, instituições públicas (Municipais e Estaduais) e ONG's ambientais. Centrada na troca de favores, tal rede vem contribuindo para manter os espaços naturais sob o controle do negócio da residência secundária. Práticas de lazer, como a pesca artesanal, a pesca oceânica e o golfe, compartilhadas entre os moradores locais e os residentes secundários, mostraram-se objetos de trocas materiais e simbólicas imprescindíveis favorecendo a criação de regras, negociações e estratégias para inserir ou excluir grupos da rede de relações sociais do lazer de Angra dos Reis. Os conceitos teóricos que contribuíram para a compreensão do funcionamento desta rede foram: "residência secundária" "capital social", "gated community" (comunidades de condomínios fechados desmembrado em comunidades de lazer, de prestígio e de segurança), "locality" (localidade), "relações de simbiose e oposição". Os conceitos empíricos emergidos no campo foram: "inibição", "coibição", "constrangimento" e "mundo dos contatos" / Abstract: This Doctoral research was conducted in the Brazilian city of Angra dos Reis, located in Rio de Janeiro state, and it investigated the issue of leisure among its inhabitants as associated with the growth of the second home business. The concept of the second home is considered problematic because it covers many variables, such as the distribution, the characteristics, the function, the planning aspects and the social impacts. In current studies Brazilian researchers have been working within the definition of a 'second home' as a residence with a minimum length of occupancy and proof of the possession of two residences. In the case of Angra dos Reis, this concept was not adequate to understand the impacts of this business on the leisure of the inhabitants. The main reason rests on a particular type of second home established in Angra dos Reis called 'gated communities', a type of residence that conjures images of "a residential area with restricted access [¿] with walls or fences, and controlled entrances that are intended to prevent penetration by non-residents. Mainly, these types of second home have been constructed around desirable natural amenities (beaches, waterfalls and forests) in Angra dos Reis, and have been sold on the basis of the exclusive natural spaces guaranteed by the second home market. This research aimed to analyze the relationship between local residents and second homeowners. Using the ethnographic method, the researcher conducted opportunistic sampling in a specific neighborhood called Frade. The study revealed the genesis and the function of the social networks of locals and second homeowners, but also those of the council and state office representatives, the administrative body of the gated communities and NGOs. The framework theory used in this research drew on the concepts of: 'second homes'; social capital; gated communities; locality; symbiotic and opposite relationships. Consequently, leisure practices such as fishing and golf, shared by local residents and second home owners, showed themselves to be a potential object of material and symbolic exchange through which to establish rules, negotiations and strategies to include or exclude groups of the leisure network / Doutorado / Educação Fisica e Sociedade / Doutora em Educação Física

Resilience has become a prominent concept to understand system vulnerabilities flexible ways of adapting to crises. Recently, it gained importance in discussions a the possible peak in oil production (peak oil) and its consequences, which might a economic performance, social well-being and political stability, and thus also the e transition to a low-carbon economy. The paper presents a new way of measuring resilience as absolute resilience related to a best practice-model of a resilient socie The resilience model is grounded in explicit theoretical assumptions. All indicators justified by theoretical and empirical arguments. We present a case study of Austr municipalities and broader-scale spatial types, which were defined according to th degree of urbanization. The mean resilience of Austrian municipalities is moderate difference between resilience values of municipalities is small. Significant different between spatial types exist. Higher resilience is displayed by less urbanized types due to a higher share of agricultural activities and a more favorable level of GDP per capita. Austria has considerable latitude to improve resilience. Corresponding policies should target resilience components with the lowest values first. A sole focus on regionalization is not recommended. These conclusions are applicable to OECD countries in general. (authors' abstract)

ABSTRACT Over the last few decades, the number of elderly has increased in Sweden and many other countries in the world. Swedish society has struggled to provide support to meet the needs of this group of elderly. Many older people wish to move from their present homes into homes for the elderly where they can receive full support and services. Numerous older people report a lack of ability to cope with all of their household needs and daily activities. As people get older, there are different dimensions of changes, including becoming frail and unwell. This study includes 10 interviews with older people. Participants were informed of the ethical issues related to this study and then gave their consent. The interviews examined older peoples understanding and experiences of security and vulnerability when living at home. The work reflects on themes such as security, insecurity, health and social capital. The study aims to contribute increased knowledge to the field about this group of elderly and to broaden our knowledge of how the field of social work can better relate to this group based on these findings. The study participants were able to describe their perceptions of dimensions of safety in the home and the impact of vulnerability due to health difficulties. Results showed gender differences with women being more fearful than the men as well as a strong connection with impaired health. The women also had different feelings of vulnerability and a lack of social capital. All of the male participants claimed to be secure in their own homes. At the same time, they were very concerned about problems on the horizon related to changes in the welfare system. Several of the women had concrete strategies to protect themselves.  These strategies included: door chains, security alarms, visible deterrents such as a police hat placed out in the house and visible from the outside. Participants also completed safety steps such as checking their doors multiple times. Finally, this study reminds us that the needs and concerns of older people are an area of importance in the broader social arena.

It has been recognised that the oil sector in developing countries is facing challenges from a dynamic environment characterised by rapid technological change and increased demand. As innovation becomes critical to the survival of organisations, organisational context including organisational culture (OC), structure (OS) and information technology (IT) has been found to have an important influence on innovation, leading to increase social relationships among employees and flow knowledge within organisation through face to face employees interaction and information system. Social capital and knowledge sharing are recognised as the most significant resources for competitive advantage and the key to enhancing innovation. It has long been argued that social capital, a concept represented by the value embedded in the social relationships of individuals and collectives constitute strategic resources for individuals and organisations. Social networks perceived by individuals are a key issue in generating and facilitating knowledge sharing among employees to enhance innovation within organizations. It has also been shown that knowledge management and the promotion of knowledge sharing among the members of an organisation are an important part of the learning process as they help to convert the tacit knowledge embedded in individuals into explicit knowledge through interaction. Prior literature has pointed out that organisational context is one of the most important factors affecting social capital and knowledge sharing and enhanced innovation in an organisation. However, there is a lack of models linking organisational context, social capital and knowledge sharing, and innovation within oil sectors in general within developing countries, particularly Libya. Against this background, the thesis investigates the impact of organisational context on innovation. Using social capital and knowledge sharing, the integrative and comprehensive conceptual model are developed in order to reveal the direct and indirect impacts of organisational context on innovation. The model is then tested with a sample of 418 employees from two sectors; namely, public and the private. These were analysed through a IV multivariate analysis using a variance-based statistical technique known as Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. The findings of this thesis are three-fold. First, with respect to the direct effect of organisational context on innovation, the study finds that both public and private sectors’ innovation are positively affected by organisational context. Second, regarding the indirect impact of organisational context on innovation, the study confirms its indirect nature through the social capital and knowledge sharing in both sectors. Third, the results show that there are significant differences between the public and private oil sectors in terms of the effect of organisational context on social capital, knowledge sharing and innovation, product and process. These findings have both theoretical and practical implications in that the results have provided empirical evidence on the direct and indirect impact of organisational context and can serve as an indication in practice for both firm managers and policy makers who are looking to establish strategies for achieving innovation. These would benefit from expending their efforts on promoting social capital and knowledge-sharing practices among their employees.

Entrepreneurship is in full-swing across the globe and it is widely regarded as a sustainable solution to long-unresolved economic issues like unemployment and poverty. Immigration is also a growing reality and the immigrating individuals can contribute to the new societies either by settling for a job or launching a business as an entrepreneur and in turn creating more jobs. However, social constraints are a key hurdle in the way of immigrant entrepreneurs. This paper aims to not only understand the social constraints faced by immigrant entrepreneurs but also provide a set of guidelines on how to overcome these social constraints. A qualitative research study focused on immigrant entrepreneurs in Sweden was designed around this purpose and was conducted in two cities of Sweden. Entrepreneurs in the study were from diverse nationalities of origin and business sectors. Key social constraints identified through the study are cultural differences, differences in business practices, and language – all acting as a wall for foreign entrepreneurs. Networking – both business and social – is regarded as the main solution to overcome these barriers and the weight for this lies equally on state, entrepreneurship industry, and the immigrant entrepreneurs. Immigrant entrepreneurs can overcome the social constraints by also researching their business area in detail as well as marketing themselves and their businesses especially by establishing a strong and trustable social media profile. Government needs to recognize the diversity of immigrant entrepreneurship communities and create tailor-made social interaction programs for different nationalities, educational backgrounds, and business sectors. It can also project positive image of successful immigrant entrepreneurs not only to inspire other immigrant entrepreneurs but also to increase trust regarding immigrant entrepreneurs among native population. Another important step by government could be early orientation for immigrant entrepreneurs to Swedish business market. Entrepreneurship advisory industry needs to understand immigrant entrepreneurs better and organize more multi-cultural events to lower the barriers between native and immigrant communities.