Yes / Numerous studies have examined the positive effects of social capital in organizations, whereas the possible negative effects have attracted considerably less scholarly attention. To rectify this imbalance, this paper first undertakes a rigorous review of the published scholarly empirical evidence pertaining to the negative effects of social capital in organizations through a search of Web of Knowledge and Scopus, and then enumerates six potentially negative effects arising from increased levels of social capital. Our analysis focuses on negative effects arising from bonding social capital and those arising from dense networks and closure, advancing new theory to elucidate the generative mechanisms that give rise to the proposed negative effects. Finally, we identify potential moderators of the negative effects thus theorized. Using the lens of social identification theory, we argue that dysfunctional identification processes restrict the processing of information and stimulate over commitment to established relationships, diluting in turn the dialectical process, and inhibiting individual learning within organizations, culminating in groupthink, the postponement of structural adjustments, the non-rational escalation of commitment, and the blurring of firms’ boundaries. Our analysis thus furthers the agenda of a more balanced inquiry into the effects of social capital in organizations.

Yes / The purpose of this study is to investigate what type of Facebook posts help cruise lines build bridging and bonding social capital. The study applies the Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) method to identify which types of posts establish bridging and bonding social capital. The analysis is conducted on an international cruise line’s official Facebook posts posted between 1 January 2018 and 1 January 2020 before the Covid-19 pandemic. The results highlight that media type, embedding passenger motivation, and a ship image help establish both bridging and bonding social capital, while content type helps establish bridging social capital. The paper is original because it helps understand how cruise lines can improve bonding and bridging social capital via social media. The paper also enhances understanding of social capital theory in the travel industry by investigating the relationship between Facebook post types and social capital in cruise shipping.

This dissertation seeks to further the current understanding of the development of a consideration set of potential successors in the ground-rules phase of family-firm succession. To do so, this dissertation uses goal systems theory and family social capital to consider goal prioritization as a mechanism through which the family influences the identification of potential successors. Goal system theory emphasizes the prioritization of multiple goals and the corresponding means-ends relationships. Family social capital provides a more nuanced understanding of the influence of the family on the strategic prioritization of goals in the family firm. This dissertation explores the influence of family social capital on the prioritization of the goals of financial growth, transgenerational succession, and the development of a consideration set of potential successors. To test this conceptual model, primary data were collected via an experimental vignette methodology regarding structural family social capital, succession-related goal prioritization, and consideration of potential successors from a sample of business owners within the United States.

The goal of this thesis is to identify strategies that promote resident empowerment, involvement and cooperation in housing co-operatives that can be applied to mixed-income developments in order to bridge social capital. Numerous American policy makers, housing professionals and planners support the development of mixed-income housing to address the social and economic isolation of low-income, urban citizens living in public housing. Social capital, or social relationships developed from social networks, is an anticipated result of physically integrating individuals of varying income levels in the same housing environment. Despite efforts for integration, numerous studies have found that limited interaction occurs across class in many mixed-income housing developments, which hinders the development of social capital. Some literature points to empowerment, involvement and cooperation as methods of helping bridge social capital in mixed-income housing. Bridging social capital refers to building relationships among people who are demographically dissimilar to one another, such as in age, race or socioeconomic status. In an effort to learn how to bridge social capital through empowerment, involvement and cooperation, the housing co-operative model is analyzed. This research analyses six housing co-operative case studies. The data collected is from websites, published documents, newsletters and other literary sources provided by the co-ops and informal telephone conversations with co-op management staff. The findings indicate that housing management plays a vital role in promoting empowerment, involvement and cooperation. Recommendations include mixed-income housing management encouraging residents to develop and contribute personal skills to accomplish housing goals; housing management soliciting ideas from residents regarding projects or activities that they desire to be involved in; and housing management facilitating group tasks where residents can collectively achieve a goal such as creating a community garden or creating a mural that reflects various cultures or values of residents.

Contemporary young people would appear to have access to more information than their predecessors in relation to keeping safe by avoiding or reducing risks. However concerns about young people’s perceived increasing risky behaviours have contributed to a growing focus on understanding young people and risk of harm across private and public spheres. This study examines the views, experiences and behaviours of young people and adults in relation to risk of harm to young people and the role of social capital in reducing perceived risk. Using qualitative data with young people and adults in a Scottish community this study develops an understanding of perceptions of the main risks of harm to young people and whether social capital helps to reduce these risks. Social constructions of ‘appropriate’ behaviours for young people to engage in and subsequent constraints imposed by adult-led structures and safety concerns, formed a significant focus of youth theorising in this area. To a certain extent, the findings from this study challenge the conventional construction of young people as risky individuals, by identifying young people’s negotiation and avoidance strategies for keeping safe. However, young people’s experiences and behaviours in public and private spaces remain significantly structured by age and gender. Young people and adults perceive risks associated with alcohol and public spaces to be high and prominent. The continuing notion of risk appears to be evident in young people’s choices about who to socialise with and where, their safety concerns and ultimately how particular social networks can be accessed in order to capitalise on protective measures. Young people’s safety concerns are overwhelmingly related to the ‘other’ in public spaces, reinforcing dominant social constructions of private spaces as safer than public spaces. Strong community ties are highlighted as paradoxical: whilst providing trusting social networks which contribute to loyal and safe peers, the intimacy of such networks is perceived by adults as a barrier to young people’s bridging capital and social mobility. These findings pose difficulties to applying late modernist risk theories which minimise the role of wider social processes in shaping young people’s perceptions. Understanding young people and risk is best served by adopting the sociology of youth and social constructionist perspectives which assert the impact of gender, and in particular the power of age constructions which continue to operate within young people’s lives. Ultimately, perceptions on risk of harm to young people remain infused with gendered and age expectations and constructions.

近年來，社會資本成為了西方學者熱門的研究焦點。然而，以發展中國家為實證例子的相關研究卻相當匱乏。就中國的情況而言，由於改革開放初期下的制度法規常未成熟，非正規的文化規範及社會網路(關係)便成為建設世界工廠、提供靈活而低成本的生產運作的重要元素。本論文以港資跨境企業為研究對象，實地考證珠江三角洲的從改革開放以來的工業發展變遷。作者於二零一零至二零一一年間走訪香港及珠三角，與十名港資企業家及其他有關的專業界別人士作深度訪談。 / 研究結果顯示社會資本在珠三角工業發展過程發揮了關鍵的作用。由於改革開放初期的制度法規積弱，港資企業家大多利用跨境社會網路與珠三角的地方領導接洽，從而在當地設置生產基地。及至中國加入世界貿易組織以後，如何靈活運用社會資本及應付新興的制度力量更成為港資企業的重要議題。隨著中國的制度法規在產業轉型升級的路上更見成熟，部分一直過度依賴地方關係及制度漏洞而生利的企業將被淘汰。為解決現時的發展困局並防止當地工業被連根拔起，地方之間必須尋求更緊密的跨境協作。最後，本文揭示珠三角未來的工業發展將取決於企業如何升級社會資本、積極應付新的制度及市場挑戰、更替舊有的社會關係網路。 / In the past decades, scholars have been conceptualizing the asset of social capital in the contemporary West. However, its empirical reference to the developing countries is particularly missing. In the context of China, with a lack of substantial formal institutional support in the early reform period, it is the traditional Chinese cultural norms and informal social ties (guanxi) that constructed the "world factory" renowned for low operation cost and flexible production. This research studies the industrial dynamics of the Pearl River Delta since the economic reform in 1978, with a particular attention to the transborder manufacturing establishments operated by entrepreneurs from Hong Kong. In-depth interviews and field investigation are conducted with ten transborder entrepreneurs and some other involved officials in 2010 and 2011. / Research findings support the claim of social capital as a significant asset to enterprise development in the context throughout the period. In the early reform period with weak institutional infrastructure but strong preexisting personal and social ties across the mainland-Hong Kong border, transborder manufacturing establishments were emerged in the cultivation of guanxi among Hong Kong entrepreneurs and cadre-affiliates in the PRD as enterprise social capital. Meanwhile, the resilience in mobilizing enterprise social capital and particularly the institutional force has been more important to the sustainability and promotion of these transborder enterprises in the post-WTO China. The institutional turn towards techno-economic restructuring is going to eliminate many of the obsolete transborder enterprises, whose vested interests entangled in local guanxi networks and institutional holes have now been dissipated. Tighter collaboration across the border is urgently needed to simultaneously smash the regional lock-in and prevent the hollowing-out of industries in the region against recent global economic downturn. Eventually, it is believed that the reinventing of enterprise social capital, in the acknowledgement of institutional and market force but also informal guanxi networks, is crucial to the future trajectory of the industrial development in the PRD. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Leung, Chiu Yin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-154). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.viii / Chapter Chapte One --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Scope of Study --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Objectives --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Outline --- p.6 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature Review / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Firm Dynamics --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Social Capital Theory --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4 --- The Chinese Context --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Methodology / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2 --- Conceptual Framework --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- Research Design --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4 --- Data Collection --- p.35 / Chapter 3.5 --- Date Analysis --- p.38 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Transborder Venture Creation in the Early Reform Era: Process of Social Capital Building / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.40 / Chapter 4.2 --- Background Conditions --- p.42 / Chapter 4.3 --- Firm Emergence --- p.52 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Sustaining Enterprise Development against the Latest Challenges: Theorizing the Dynamics of Social Capital / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.68 / Chapter 5.2 --- Case Study --- p.70 / Chapter 5.3 --- Locating the Dynamics --- p.86 / Chapter 5.4 --- Theorizing Enterprise Social Capital --- p.96 / Chapter 5.5 --- Institutional Turn --- p.105 / Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.122 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Conclusions / Chapter 6.1 --- Discussion of Results --- p.p.124 / Chapter 6.2 --- Contributions and Limitations --- p.130 / Chapter 6.3 --- Remarks for Future Research --- p.133 / Bibliography --- p.135

The developing knowledge economy affects organizations within the innovation system where higher education institutions (HEI) are regarded as a significant part. There is a large amount of research that focus on different aspects of collaboration such as the outcome, the process and its infrastructure. To emphasize HEIs role in the national and regional innovation systems concepts such as Mode 2 and Triple helix, and the Knowledge triangle, have developed. These concepts have also heavily influenced Swedish innovation policy.   This thesis is set to analyze collaboration work between Swedish HEIs and the public and private sectors, and to understand how collaboration: i) occurs in practice in research and undergraduate education; ii) is influenced by policy efforts, and; iii) influence HEI’s internal and external social capital building. Firstly, research and teaching links is analyzed to highlight the integration of collaboration, research and education within specific research profiles. This is because previous research has neglected collaboration and its effect on undergraduate education. Secondly, social capital theory is used as a framework for the analysis. Social capital theory is used to obtain a thorough understanding of individual researchers’ attitude to collaboration and participation in collaboration activities.   The results indicate that short term projects had long-term effects since it established new education programs and projects. Collaboration also effects undergraduate education through research profiles with their integration of research and education in groups within as well as outside the HEI. The results also show that social capital building through top steered initiatives is complex. In the HEIs there was no relation between researchers expressing a positive attitude towards different forms of collaboration and a high participation level in collaboration activities. This suggests that building of external social capital within HEIs is not related to the nature of the internal social capital. There was interfaculty differences in both the researchers’ attitude to collaboration activities and participation in collaboration activities. As expected, professors had more opportunities and ability for collaboration. They also indicated a resistance to use a central infrastructure for collaboration to build external social capital. The opposite was demonstrated for professors from the humanities who had little experience of collaboration. They still did not to use the infrastructure to a large extent. Suggestively policy makers should encourage a more efficient external social capital building through earmarked funding for collaboration on a department level rather than on the HEIs’ central level.

Magistro baigiamojo darbo tikslas - išnagrinėti informacinių technologijų poveikį kapitalo vidiniams ryšiams tiriamosiose organizacijose. Šį darbą sudaro dvi dalys: teorinė ir praktinė. / The purpose of this master work is to analyse influence of information technologies in the analized organizations on internal communications of the social capital. This work consists of two parts theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part the definition of the social capital, and its development are examined, the influence of information technologies on the social capital of communities and the role of information technologies in strengthening internal communications of the social capital in the organization are analysed. The position of information technologies in Lithuania, is reviewed as well. In the practical part organizations the interrelation of workers and information technologies of the analysed organizations and also their influence against each other are researched. Influence of the heads and methods of a management on strengthening of internal communications of the social capital are analysed too. Having generalized results of the research, it was found out, that in the investigated organizations information technologies improve an overall performance in time, carry out functions of dialogue and cooperation. Interaction of information technologies with internal communications represents the tool for maintenance and formations of the social capital in the organizations. Use of these tools depends on that as heads of the organizations care of the internal culture based on trust and psychological endurance of workers.

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-07-15T17:23:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL. SHIRLEY CRUZ. 2015.pdf: 1336711 bytes, checksum: 8ac26e2f869f665c11502950a9a59030 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-07-15T17:25:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL. SHIRLEY CRUZ. 2015.pdf: 1336711 bytes, checksum: 8ac26e2f869f665c11502950a9a59030 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-15T17:25:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL. SHIRLEY CRUZ. 2015.pdf: 1336711 bytes, checksum: 8ac26e2f869f665c11502950a9a59030 (MD5) / Os resultados da presente investigação são apresentados sob a forma de três artigos articulados entre si e orientados pelo mesmo referencial teórico. O primeiro artigo corresponde a um ensaio, produto de revisão sistemática da literatura sobre os conceitos de capital social, as teorias em que estes estão apoiados, a análise substantiva das citações e a forma como estão sendo operacionalizados. Discute-se a ausência de explicitação conceitual e a dissociação entre a concepção empregada e as formas de apreensão do constructo. O segundo artigo, de caráter exploratório, examina o acesso a recursos relacionados ao capital social e a autopercepção da saúde, com dados do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil), através da combinação de técnicas estatísticas (análise de correspondências e análise estratificada). Por fim, o terceiro artigo analisa em profundidade os processos que podem intermediar as relações entre a posição ocupada pelos agentes ao interior de um campo social (no caso o espaço universitário), que permitiu melhor analisar o processo de produção do capital social e as relações entre o pertencimento aos diversos grupos e a autopercepção da saúde. Abordam-se os sentidos do capital social para indivíduos situados em diferentes posições sociais.

Social capital research has traditionally been conducted in western and Christian settings as a precursor of changes such as democratization and development. This paper focuses on Islamic religious engagement and its potential to foster social capital. The model presented here is designed to suggest whether the Islam's influence occurs through doctrinal channels, or through Islam's capacity to organize social structures. The analysis conducted is a linear regression model with measures of social capital as dependent variables and measures of religious engagement as independent variables. The analysis is conducted on data from the fourth wave of the World Values Survey. Results suggest that religious engagement and social capital have both belief and behavioral elements that should be treated as separate entities in quantitative research.