This dissertation concentrates on a circular labor migration from the provincial towns of the Kurdish region in southeastern Turkey, to rural areas of western Turkey. Each year, an estimated one and a half million workers migrate west with their families for several months to work in rural jobs such as farm labor, sharecropping, forestation, and charcoal making. Based on a total of sixteen months of ethnographic research between October 2014 and August 2016, following the migrant workers between their hometowns and work sites, this dissertation uses this labor practice as an ethnographic lens to analyze both the socio-political conditions under which this labor practice is shaped, and the material practices through which economic surplus is produced, managed, and distributed. Exploring the everyday life in the hometowns of the migrant workers, it investigates the racialized and regionally-divided class formation in Turkey, which heavily relies on labor migration from the Kurdish region. These power relations are also reproduced in western worksites through racialized and securitized practices of labor discipline and labor control. In this labor regime, the Kurdish family not only fulfills functions of social security and social reproduction, but also directly becomes the unit of production and the social hub through which relations of production are organized. However, the temporary character of this labor practice also allows the Kurdish migrant workers to construct a life in their hometowns that is not entirely determined by the structures of political domination and exploitation but is shaped through kinship, neighborhood politics, and everyday relations of multiple subjectivities to their material surroundings.

The vast corpus of works on corruption in Africa focuses almost exclusively on 'grand corruption' and political elites (so-called 'Big Men'), and hardly on 'everyday corruption' and ordinary actors. When everyday corruption appears in the literature, it is frequently explained away as petty and/or normal - something expected and accepted. In this study, I take issue with this predominant narrative, couched in an equally dominant but narrow Weberian notion of corruption. Grounding corruption in the micro-politics of urban public transport in Lagos, Nigeria's commercial capital and Africa's largest city, I argue that ordinary actors detest the corruption that they encounter daily. At the same time, their power(lessness) in the face of its banality compels them to constantly devise tactics to find a way around it or to make it productive for their ends. Structured into six chapters, the study begins by probing the popular imagination, discourse, and spatiality of corruption. It then shows how corruption is embedded in routine socio-economic relations, how it conditions ordinary lives and social livelihoods, and how everyday actors encounter it, exploit it, resist it, or become its victims each day. The study required eight months of ethnographic fieldwork grounded on the routine experiences and lifeworlds of road transport workers in Lagos, Nigeria. My direct experience of the 'surrounds' of these urban actors, the 'junctions' that constitute the spatial hinge of violent extortion and complicity, and routine participation in the omnipresent 'danfos' (commercial minibus-taxis) enabled access to a sense of how this complex system works.

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Yue Yin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-106). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- Literature Review --- p.6 / The Poor in the Market Transition --- p.6 / Political Impacts in Collective Era and Beyond --- p.8 / Cultural Capital´ة Effects on Stratification in Western Countries --- p.13 / The Analysis on Habitus: Szelenyi's Researches in Eastern Europe --- p.18 / The Transfer Mechanism of Cultural Capital --- p.22 / The Poverty Cycle: Lewis's Culture of Poverty --- p.28 / Chapter III. --- Methodological Design --- p.31 / Chapter IV. --- Before 1978，the Idol of Collectivism --- p.33 / Influences from Parents' Generation --- p.36 / Occlusive Living Circumstance and Personality --- p.40 / Insensitive to Education --- p.42 / Satisfaction with the Lives --- p.46 / Distributed Education Chances and Good Job Positions --- p.49 / Send Down Recommendation to Colleges --- p.51 / Big State-Owned Factories and Good Job Positions --- p.57 / Work In the Factories --- p.60 / Value Attached to Hard Work --- p.61 / Lack of Confidence and Impetus --- p.63 / Ineffectual Intercommunication --- p.66 / Limited Horizon --- p.70 / Chapter V. --- After 1978，Under Marketization --- p.75 / Reformation of Enterprises and Its Effects on My Interviewees --- p.76 / The Unconsciousness to the Coming of Crisis --- p.77 / Good Working Ability? --- p.82 / After Lay-off --- p.85 / Chapter VI. --- The Next Generation --- p.87 / Chapter VII. --- Discussion --- p.92 / Chapter VIII. --- Appendices --- p.98 / Chapter IX. --- References --- p.100

Cheng, Kam Lam Canny. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-144). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / List of Abbreviations --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.vii / List of Examples --- p.x / List of Tables --- p.x / Maps --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction Overview --- p.1 / Filipino Migration / The Filipinos as Diaspora / Theoretical Framework and Literature Review / Methodology / Where is the Field? / Language / Terminology and Stereotypes: Names Used for Filipino/as in Hong Kong / "Social Status, Social Relationships, and Time and Space Constriants" / Overview of the Thesis and Objectives of the Study / Chapter Chapter Two: --- "The Population, Employment and Soundscape of Filipino and Filipina Domestic Helpers in Hong Kong" --- p.31 / Immigration and Employment / Musicality of the Filipinos / The Role of Filipinos in Hong Kong's Musical Scene / "The Soundscape of Hong Kong, a Graphic Illustration" / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Sacred Contexts --- p.42 / "Detailed ""Sacred"" in this Thesis" / The Hong Kong Catholic Diocese and Music of the Chinese Masses / Clerical Support for the Filipino Catholic Community in Hong Kong / Profiles of Five Churches / Detailed Case Study of Two Churches / Selected Examples from Other Hong Kong Church Choirs / "Justification of ""Filipinoness""" / The Impact of Filipino Religious on the Musical Practice of Hong Kong Chinese Parishes / The Impact of Filipino Popular Music on Hong Kong Filipinos' Sacred Music / A Side Trip to the Philippines / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Secular Contexts --- p.83 / Marking Their Piece of Territory / Chater Road: Chater Square and Statue Square / Kantaka (Singing Contests) / Concert in the Park / Culture in Motion / Cultural Initiatives by the Philippine Consulate in Hong Kong / Asia Gathering / Catholic Prayer Gathering / Radio Broadcasts / Buying Recordings / Karaoke / The Hong Kong Musicians Union / Commercial Sponsors for Filipino Musical Activities / The Cordillera Men's Club / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Musical Involvement of the Filipions in Hong Kong during the Anti-World Trade Organization Campaign --- p.115 / Singing of the Filipinos / Chapter Chapter Six: --- Epilogue --- p.127 / Bibliography --- p.135

Wu, Liang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-179). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.viii / CONTENTS --- p.ix / Chapter CHAPTER I: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK --- p.3 / RESEARCH METHODS --- p.12 / THESIS STRUCTURE --- p.16 / Chapter CHAPTER II: --- ON BOARD THE CONTAINER SHIP IN THE SEA OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE --- p.18 / THE NEW ECONOMIC SEA --- p.19 / NEOLIBERALISM AND FLEXIBLE ACCUMULATION --- p.22 / FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE --- p.25 / MIXED NATIONALITY CREWING --- p.30 / THE NEW TECHNOLOGICAL SEA --- p.32 / SHIPBOARD STRUCTURES --- p.35 / A DAY AT SEA --- p.42 / CHAPTER SUMMARY --- p.47 / Chapter CHAPTER III: --- THE CONTEMPORARY MEANINGS OF SEAMANSHIP --- p.49 / THE SAILOR： ROMANTICIZATION AND DISENCHANTMENT --- p.50 / MAKING A LIVING FOR HOME： THE FILIPINO EXAMPLE --- p.56 / THE VARIETY OF MEANINGS OF SEAMANSHIP --- p.63 / PROMOTION AND DROPPING OUT --- p.66 / FEMALE SEAFARERS AND THEIR SEAFARING STORIES --- p.71 / CHAPTER SUMMARY --- p.74 / Chapter CHAPTER IV: --- THE CONTAINERIZATION OF SEAFARERS --- p.76 / TRANSFORMATION OF THE SEASCAPE AND PORTSCAPE --- p.77 / PORTS AWAY FROM THE SHORE --- p.82 / FROM DAYS TO BUSY HOURS --- p.87 / "THE GUARDS, THE VICTIMS AND THE TERRORISTS" --- p.93 / TO MAKE A PHONE CALL --- p.98 / TELECOMMUNICATIONS AT SEA --- p.100 / SOCIAL COSTS FOR FAMILIES --- p.103 / CONTROLS ON WORKING BODIES --- p.105 / OUT THERE ON O N E ' S OWN --- p.110 / A PRISON WITH NICE FACILITIES --- p.113 / CHAPTER SUMMARY --- p.119 / Chapter CHAPTER V: --- ALL IN THE SAME SEA --- p.121 / REPRESENTATION AND WAGE DIFFERENTIATION BY NATIONALITY --- p.122 / ENGLISH AS THE COMMON INDUSTRIAL LANGUAGE --- p.128 / "HIERARCHY, PUNISHMENT AND OBEDIENCE" --- p.131 / "ETHNIC STEREOTYPES, DIVISION AND UNITY" --- p.137 / THE FAMILIAR STRANGERS --- p.143 / DINING AND OTHER SCARCE OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOCIAL INTERACTIONS --- p.147 / END OF CONTRACTUAL FRIENDSHIPS --- p.154 / CHAPTER SUMMARY --- p.156 / Chapter CHAPTER VI: --- CONCLUSION --- p.159 / THE CONTAINER SHIP AND SEAFARERS --- p.159 / SAILING FORWARD --- p.166 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.172 / APPENDIX --- p.180 / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.182 / GLOSSARY --- p.184

This thesis focuses on Early Years Practitioners who are working with young children and families in early years provision in England. Adopting a narrative approach the study sought to explore how their understandings of poverty in early childhood are shaped by dominant discourses of poverty and professional and personal experiences. Poverty as a concept is multi-dimensional and dynamic including both the experience of poverty as well as absolute and relative understandings. Under the New Labour Government, Early Years Practitioners were positioned as part of a long-term strategy to alleviate child poverty. Successive government policies have resulted in cuts to early years funding under austerity measures and an increasing focus on children and families with the greatest need. Early Years Practitioners hold a contradictory position, being part of a strategy to address poverty in early childhood, whilst at the same, time being part of a workforce which is to a large extent highly gendered, low status and low paid. The research was conducted as a case study in two integrated settings consisting of a maintained nursery school, children's centre and daycare provision in the south-east of England during November 2015 to June 2016. Although the settings were in areas of overall relative affluence, they both served areas of deprivation. Therefore, Early Years Practitioners were working with children and families on low incomes. Thirty-eight Early Years Practitioners took part in focus groups to explore how narratives of poverty might be shaped by dominant discourses of poverty and sixteen Early Years Practitioners took part in follow-up interviews to explore how narratives of poverty might be shaped by their personal and professional experiences. The 'subject' of the case was the Early Years Practitioners and the analysis and theorisation of their narratives of poverty the 'object'. Foucault's concept of regimes of truth was used to explore how Early Years Practitioners' understandings of poverty might be shaped by dominant policy discourses. The concept of 'small stories' was used to explore how Early Years Practitioners' narratives of poverty are co-constructed within interaction, and understandings of how they position themselves in relation to 'other' were explored through I-positions. Five participants took part in a final presentation and discussion of the initial findings, providing an opportunity to comment on and contribute to the analysis of the data.

Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

In two experiments, I arranged the environment to determine if a relation existed between the social setting, which was defined by the presence of a peer or multiple peers and measured by the participants’ verbal behavior, and the learning of new reinforcers for the participants and the confederate peers. The peers were used to establish an intervention setting that fostered interaction between individuals but did not require it. In both experiments, two pre- and post- intervention tests of the dependent variables were used to measure the learning of new reinforcers. In Experiment 1, two intervention conditions were counterbalanced across participants to identify if a neutral stimulus would attain reinforcing value by observation if it was simultaneously delivered to both participant and peer for responding to previously learned math equations (Condition 1) or if the conditioning phenomenon was only observed when the neutral item was delivered to the peer (while the participant was present but denied access to the stimulus) for responding to previously learned math equations (Condition 2). Participant behavior was measured for all variables across all phases of the experiment and peer behavior was measured during the pre- and post-intervention screening test. The results from Experiment 1 showed that the participants did not learn new reinforcers when the neutral stimulus (NS) was delivered simultaneously to both participant and peer as they completed math worksheets. However, the previously neutral stimulus did become a reinforcer when the participant did not receive the NS but observed the peer receive the NS as they completed the math worksheets. Peer behavior was also measured during the pre- and post-intervention screening test and was consistent with the participants’ results; peers acquired new reinforcers during Condition 2 but not Condition 1, even though they were never denied access to the stimulus. In Experiment 2, I tested whether reinforcers would be conditioned through observation regardless of the role that the participant was assigned during the intervention. Pre- and post-intervention tests for the dependent variables measured the behaviors of all nine participants regardless of the participant’s intervention role (e.g. peer, recipient). In Experiment 2, participants were randomly put in groups of three that included two participants (peers) who observed the third participant (recipient) receive the NS as a reinforcement operation as all three were completing math worksheets. The setting was arranged in this manner to test the effect of the reinforcement operation when two peers observed one recipient receive the stimulus. The results are discussed as an analysis of social contingencies, reinforcement operations including deprivation and other implications that can be drawn from the changes in the participants’ and confederates’ behavior during the pre-and post-intervention measures.