The aim of the present study was to investigate both antecedents and follower outcomes of leader group prototypicality as well as followers&rsquo / social identification with the group in two theoretical models guided by the propositions of social identity theory (SIT / Hogg, 1996) of leadership. The first model suggested that specific leadership styles (i.e., paternalistic, relationship-oriented, and task-oriented) predicted perceived leader group prototypicality and followers&rsquo / social identification depending on certain follower characteristics (i.e., cultural orientations and motivational tendencies). In the second model, proximal and distal follower outcomes of leader group prototypicality and the moderating role of follower social identification in these relationships were investigated. The findings revealed that followers&rsquo / individualism orientation moderated the link between task-oriented leadership and leader group prototypicality whereas both collectivism and individualism moderated the relationship between paternalistic v leadership and leader group prototypicality. The effects of task-oriented leadership on followers&rsquo / identification with the work group was enhanced by followers&rsquo / need for affiliation. Leader group prototypicality was positively associated with job satisfaction through its positive effects on personal attraction towards the leader, and followers&rsquo / leadership effectiveness perceptions and trust as well as its negative effects on social attraction and responsibility attributions for negative leader behaviors. The results are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications along with suggestions for future research.

The media play a major role in every part of American society by distributing content that has value to individuals, and a National Football League (NFL) sports fan club is no different. This study examines how members of a Kansas City Chiefs' fan club use media to stay connected to their team and socialize with fellow members. Social identification theory explains that when an individual comes together with one or more individuals with like-minded interests, they form social bonds. Their shared interests allow them to disseminate Chiefs' information through content gathered from media usage. To understand how the Chiefs' fans use media, the author conducted research at a Kansas City Chiefs' sports club at a local bar in a large Southeastern city in the United States. The researcher used observation, participation, and interviews to collect information on the media usage of fan club members. The results find that the majority of members logged on to KCStar.com and KCChiefs.com when they wanted to read about the team from sources that lived in the Kansas City Region. When the members wanted to follow the games live, one person listened to play-by-play on their cellular phone, while others followed Internet updates on sports Web sites, or watched the games on television with the other fan club members.

The rapid development of information technology has enabled the use of virtual teams, which are teams whose members use IT to coordinate their activities from a dispersed setting. The phenomenon of virtual teams raises questions regarding issues related to this type of work, i.e. organisational identification and other problems related to virtual work. We have investigated how to best manage these teams in order for managers to be successful in the virtual environment by studying the advantages and disadvantages as well as success factors. The study has used a mixed methodology, where we have interviewed 8 managers that are active in virtual work and we have also conducted a survey to investigate how members of virtual teams perceives issues of organisational identification and issues related to virtual work. One of the most important findings of this study is that there was a positive relationship between level of organisational identification and level of virtuality, member involvement, and previous experience. The strongest predictor for organisational identification was although the level of member involvement. We can conclude that the main advantages of virtual work were cost reduction and the access to competence. The main disadvantage of virtual work was identified as lack of interpersonal relations in the workplace. Other disadvantages were found as unorganised meetings, unprioritised work as well as technological issues. The most important success factors were found to be Clear roles and Responsibilities, Pre-agreement/time plan, Defined Strategies. These three factors could be summarised as "What needs to be done, when and by who‟. Moreover, clear and distinct communication within the team in order to avoid misunderstandings, followed by User-friendly technology and to have previous experience of technology used was also identified as important factors in virtual work. Other success factors identified was the use of Face-to-Face meetings.

Multiculturalism has emerged to challenge liberalism as an ideological solution in coping with ethnic diversity. Inter–ethnic group contact amongst individuals of different cultures is defined as acculturation. Acculturation is an experience from different cultural encounters between employees and their work environments where organisational socialization is a prerequisite to becoming accustomed to different cultural conditions. Acculturation orientation is related to well–being and involves social identification techniques of a minority group within the workplace. Acculturation thus becomes a factor on which to focus when cultural differences are experienced by employees in an organisation of differing cultural values. For purposes of this particular study, the focus will be placed on integration as a mediating role in the relation between positive acculturation conditions and work outcomes. Intergroup relations and adaptation to host culture will be measured directly as per the responses from participants. For the purpose of this study, a quantitative approach is adopted by using a five point Likert scale questionnaire adapted from the model designed by Arends–Toth and Van de Vijver (2006). Predictors in the adapted model include mainstream multiculturalism factors (norms and practices), tolerance, ethnic integration demands and ethnic vitality and outcomes of acculturation, subjective work success, work commitment and job satisfaction. The results indicated that a workplace culture that promotes ethnic cultural maintenance of people from a diverse background coupled with encouragement to participate in the mainstream by ethnic members at home and at work would contribute to the experience of higher levels of subjective work success (Jackson, van de Vijver & Ali, submitted). Multiculturalism practices and ethnic vitality have indirect and significant effects on psychological and socio cultural acculturation outcomes (job satisfaction and organisational commitment as well as subjective experience of work success), while multicultural norms only have indirect and significant effects on psychological acculturation outcomes (job satisfaction and organisational commitment). / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Multiculturalism has emerged to challenge liberalism as an ideological solution in coping with ethnic diversity. Inter–ethnic group contact amongst individuals of different cultures is defined as acculturation. Acculturation is an experience from different cultural encounters between employees and their work environments where organisational socialization is a prerequisite to becoming accustomed to different cultural conditions. Acculturation orientation is related to well–being and involves social identification techniques of a minority group within the workplace. Acculturation thus becomes a factor on which to focus when cultural differences are experienced by employees in an organisation of differing cultural values. For purposes of this particular study, the focus will be placed on integration as a mediating role in the relation between positive acculturation conditions and work outcomes. Intergroup relations and adaptation to host culture will be measured directly as per the responses from participants. For the purpose of this study, a quantitative approach is adopted by using a five point Likert scale questionnaire adapted from the model designed by Arends–Toth and Van de Vijver (2006). Predictors in the adapted model include mainstream multiculturalism factors (norms and practices), tolerance, ethnic integration demands and ethnic vitality and outcomes of acculturation, subjective work success, work commitment and job satisfaction. The results indicated that a workplace culture that promotes ethnic cultural maintenance of people from a diverse background coupled with encouragement to participate in the mainstream by ethnic members at home and at work would contribute to the experience of higher levels of subjective work success (Jackson, van de Vijver & Ali, submitted). Multiculturalism practices and ethnic vitality have indirect and significant effects on psychological and socio cultural acculturation outcomes (job satisfaction and organisational commitment as well as subjective experience of work success), while multicultural norms only have indirect and significant effects on psychological acculturation outcomes (job satisfaction and organisational commitment). / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-95).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2008. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 342-396).

abstract: There are multivariate factors that not only play a role in an individual's ability to lose weight, but may create barriers to his or her success. One such factor is internalized weight bias (IWB), which is inversely associated with weight loss outcomes and body satisfaction, and directly associated with psychosocial maladjustments such as depression and binge eating. This study examined the relationship between internalized weight bias and weight loss outcomes using a coding scheme developed for an online weight loss forum to see whether results would be consistent with self-administered surveys that measure IWB. The coding scheme was developed using an exploratory factor analysis of a survey composed of existing measures of IWB. Participants' posts within an online weight loss forum were coded and participants given a weekly IWB score that was compared to weekly weight loss using mixed model analysis. No significance was found between IWB and weight loss outcomes in this study, however, the coding scheme developed is a novel approach to measuring IWB, and the categories identified from latent constructs of IWB may be used in the future to determine the dimensions that exist within it. Ultimately, a better understanding of IWB could lead to the development of targeted weight loss interventions that address the beliefs and attitudes held by individuals who experience it. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2015

abstract: In the proposed project I simultaneously and reflexively identify and characterize social boundaries in the archaeological record by examining material culture distributions in novel ways to re-assess the scale of the Verde Confederacy, a proposed regional-scale multi-settlement alliance in Late Prehistoric central Arizona. I focus on boundaries between entities larger than villages, but smaller than regions or culture areas. I propose three innovations to better accomplish these goals. First, unlike previous conceptualizations of social boundaries as monolithic, I argue that they are better conceived of as a heterogeneous, multi-faceted phenomenon. Second, I investigate social boundaries by examining multiple lines of evidence. Previous researchers have tended to focus on one category of data at the expense of others. Third, I associate boundaries with relational and categorical collective social identification. An alliance requires regular collective actions including communication and coordinated action between large groups. These actions are most likely to emerge among groups integrated by relational networks who share a high degree of categorical homogeneity. I propose a plain ware ceramic provenance model. Seven reference groups represent ceramic production in specific geographic areas. The reference groups are mineralogically and geochemically distinct, and can be visually differentiated. With this provenance model, I reconstruct the organization of utilitarian ceramic production and exchange, and argue that plain ware distribution is a proxy for networks of socially proximate friends and relatives. The plain ware data are compared to boundaries derived from settlement patterns, rock art, public architecture, and painted ceramics to characterize the overall nature of social boundaries in Late Prehistoric central Arizona. Three regions in the study area are strongly integrated by relational networks and categorical commonality. If alliances existed in Late Prehistoric central Arizona, they were most likely to emerge at this scale. A fourth region is identified as a frontier zone, where internal connections and shared identities were weaker. As seen among the League of the Iroquois, smaller integrated entities do not preclude the existence of larger social constructs, and I conclude this study with proposals to further test the Verde Confederacy model by searching for integration at a broader spatial scale. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2016

Orientador: Guimarães, Eduardo Roberto Junqueira Guimarães / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:17:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_AnaClaudia_M.pdf: 171332 bytes, checksum: 255cbdc0fe8b3be485a08e74de76e213 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O que é referir e o que é designar? Filiando-nos ao posicionamento teórico da Semântica do Acontecimento, procuramos caracterizar a distinção entre a noção de referência e a noção de designação. Nesse sentido, designar na linguagem não tem a ver meramente com a identificação de um objeto no mundo. A significação de uma expressão referencial é constituída no funcionamento da língua, no confronto de dizeres e sentidos diversos e é esse espaço de constituição de sentido que produz a designação. Para Guimarães (2002), esses espaços são configurados por acontecimentos enunciativos e é aí que se dão as cenas enunciativas, que são modos específicos de acesso à palavra. Analisamos, assim, como se constituem os modos de referir o presidente Lula na época da eleição e, por assim dizer, como se constituem as expressões que designam esse sujeito. Os modos de referir recortados constituem a designação do sujeito em questão e, na medida em que as designações mobilizam dizeres e sentidos outros, identificam Lula nos acontecimentos estudados, particularizando-o. Tomamos, para isso, seqüências de textos extraídos de Veja, Época e Isto É Gente e procuramos mostrar como o espaço enunciativo que faz funcionar esses periódicos é um espaço de política do dizer, em que o dizer se distribui desigualmente. A política do dizer constitui os espaços enunciativos, os dizeres que aí se produzem e, por assim dizer, o modo como Lula é identificado em cada uma das revistas / Abstract: What does refer mean and what does designation mean? We are on the theoretical position from Semântica do Acontecimento, and we try to establish a distinction between the conception of reference and the conception of designation. Thus, refer in the language is not related to identify an object in the world. The sense of the referent in the language is constituted on language working, where there is a confrontation of several sayings and several senses, and this is the space where the designation is produced. According Guimarães (2002), the spaces of constitution of the sense are configured by acontecimentos enunciativos and the enunciative scenes happen there ¿ enunciative scenes are ways of specific access to speaking. We analyze how the ways of referring the president Lula in election time and, then, how the designative expressions of this person are constituted. The cutting ways of referring designate Lula and, more they make ready other sayings and other senses, more they identify Lula in those enunciations. For that, we took sequences of texts from Veja, Época e Isto É Gente and we tried to show how the enunciative space, where those magazines work, is a political space, where the speaking is not distributed equally. The politic question constitutes the enunciative spaces, the enunciation and, then what identifies Lula in each magazine / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística