The research deals with the development of participatory municipal democracy, with inter-communal relations, and with the relations between communities and the urban establishment regarding urban development in towns. The study analyses and examine the processes in which residents, members of a geographical community whose borders overlap the residential units in a town, and who are not elected or appointed by the authorities, can influence decisions relating to the policy, planning, and design of a town's urban space. Part I - Chapter 1 presents an overview of the paper. Chapter 2 positions the context of the research in the space and time in which Israeli society and its urban fabric have developed. Part II - presents the methodology and methods of the research. In Chapter 3, the theoretical framework of the study discusses issues like the geographical community, relation between civil society and the state, and new social, urban, and physical realities in a community. Chapter 4 presents the research objectives, the research questions, and the method of data collection applied in the study, such as the questionnaires administered to 73 heads of local authorities throughout Israel; questionnaires administered to 243 residents; interviews with some 20 experts and 11 players in the case-study analysis of 16 events of communal involvement that took place in 14 different local authorities; text analyses, and an analysis of urban plans. Part ill - presents in Chapter 5 a review of the field and general background of the Issue. Part IV - presents the current social context in Israel. Chapter 6 describes actual changes and events that influenced the issue, while Chapter 7 outlines the characteristics of community involvement. Part V - the case-study of Mevasseret Ziyyon is presented - displaying social action in urban development, with an analysis of community involvement and conflict in city planning. Chapter 8 provides the story of the place and the master-plan in conflict;Chapter 9 presents the context of the conflict. Chapter 10 presents the practical dimensions and dynamic of the conflict. Chapter 11 describes the dimension of human influence, and Chapter 12 shows the symbolic dimension of values, events, and interpretation of the community and establishment. Part VI - sets out the conclusions of the research. Chapter 13 presents the finding of the research, Chapter 14 the discussion while Chapter 15 the contribution of the study. The main fmdings show that, despite the importance attributed by the community and the establishment to communal involvement in urban development, there is a gap between the reality and what is aspired to. There is disparity between the declaration made by the mayors regarding the importance of community involvement, and what they actually do in this context. The civil culture of the community is not sufficiently developed and only a minority of the community residents (15%) is in fact involved. Community involvement takes place in two polar patterns of activity: conflict from 'below' when the community objects to the establishment, and cooperation from 'above' with the establishment. Cooperation was found to be the more successful optiol1.' At the community level, during a conflict about the master-plan of Mevasseret Ziyyon, the members of the elite the residing in the community appear to be at an advantage, due to their ability to recruit knowledge and information, and also because of their understanding of the 'language' of urban planning, in designing and planning space in a manner that accords with their values, beliefs and needs. The study can be seen from two points of view. The first, which relates to the construction of social reality, deals with the development of urban participatory democracy, and addresses issues such as education for democracy and active citizenship, and a fair dialogue with the community in terms of quality of life and the environment. The second relates to the construction of a physical reality, and deals with the design and plarming of the environment. It relates to issues such as learning and understanding interpretations of urban space, the design thereof, how the city will look, who will live in it and how, and what sense of place and quality of life those people will have.

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Master of Arts / Department of Communication Studies / Charles J. G. Griffin / Space commentators and government officials draw on a variety of themes that shape how the public perceives space efforts. By constructing particular visions of outer space and the future of humanity, political leaders have inspired children to become astronauts and consoled the nation after a major tragedy. The future of space exploration and development will likely occur as an extension of existing paradigms that shape the material development of space transportation, space stations, and eventually living in space. Through qualitative interviews, this study illuminates the paradigms of persons working to advance the cause of space exploration and development. In particular, the study analyzes perspectives from individuals in the private sector. It seeks to highlight themes, such as leadership and possible material benefits, so that researchers may begin to construct theories about the specific conditions under which the future of space exploration and development may be shaped or evolve. This enhances our understanding of how themes operate to sustain or alter existing paradigms. In turn, a thematic analysis will generate new understandings of how envisioning seemingly impossible futures and social realities can transform those realities by drawing on conceptions of the past to inform the present and potential futures. To this end, this study employs imagination studies as a theoretical lens to understand how interviewees describe these future social realities. Specifically, the study discusses Engen’s (2002) theory of communicative imagination and seeks to refine it to encompass a process-based approach and flexibility. The presence of communicative imagination is explored in transcripts from qualitative interviews with persons employed in private businesses involved in the research and production of materials and services for space exploration and development. Results from the study reveal five dominant themes: leadership, inspiration and support, core motives, material benefits, and potential futures. Understanding how these themes interact in the process of communicative imagination illuminates the role communication plays in shaping social realities in a variety of circumstances.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-24T18:54:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - George Madson Dias Santos.pdf: 1275296 bytes, checksum: 20957ee534ca3200e61fff6953a639d1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-24T18:54:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - George Madson Dias Santos.pdf: 1275296 bytes, checksum: 20957ee534ca3200e61fff6953a639d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-27 / This research is situated within the gender issue, which here appears both with regard to the historical exclusion of women as a result of a patriarchal society, sexist and prejudiced as well as resilient fighters still in the twenty-first century need to organize to fight for enjoy basic rights already guaranteed legally. The decision by riverside women gave for these are the margins in the broad sense of the word: the margins of society, on the riverbank on the sidelines of the essential rights to health, education, transport and leisure, for example. In this context, we defined the general objective is to analyze the socio-cultural reality and dreams of women riverside students of the Thousand Women Program, Citizenship Project riverfront, the Community of San Carlos Jamari. It decided to methodologically the case study as a group of students in more depth was studied, and as a strategy of analysis and interpretation of the data is used an analysis of the content. The information analyzed and interpreted were obtained from the use of pedagogical tool called map of life. The results indicated that the riverside women have a childhood marked by family difficulties relationship, dialogue, food and housing and adolescence compromised by pregnancy and marriage. Faced with all these women lived diversities have dreams for their lives, although, in most cases, closely related to the children. They dream job, school, health, home, car; They wish for the happiness family, fighting for a better life. / Esta pesquisa se situa no ?mbito da quest?o de g?nero, que aparece na pesquisa tanto no que diz respeito ? hist?rica exclus?o da mulher em decorr?ncia de uma sociedade patriarcal, machista e preconceituosa como tamb?m de lutadoras resilientes, que ainda no s?culo XXI necessitam se organizar para lutar e usufruir de direitos essenciais j? assegurados juridicamente. O objetivo desse estudo ? analisar a realidade sociocultural e os sonhos de mulheres ribeirinhas alunas do Programa Mulheres Mil, Projeto Cidadania Ribeirinha, da Comunidade de S?o Carlos do Jamari. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada atrav?s de estudo de caso, com o emprego do instrumento denominado mapa da vida, em uma turma de 26 alunas do curso de Qualifica??o Profissional em Moda, no per?odo de 31 de julho a 3 de agosto de 2012. O estudo realizou-se por meio da an?lise do conte?do de suas falas. Os resultados indicaram que as mulheres ribeirinhas tiveram a inf?ncia marcada pelas dificuldades familiares, de relacionamento, falta de di?logo, escassez de alimento e moradia, a adolesc?ncia comprometida pela gravidez e casamento. Apesar de todas as diversidades vividas, essas mulheres t?m sonhos para a suas vidas, ainda que, na maioria das vezes, intimamente relacionados aos filhos. Elas sonham com emprego, escola, sa?de, casa, carro; desejam a felicidade da fam?lia, por isso lutam por uma vida melhor.

My thesis argues that the New Right (NR) sought to manipulate state education as a mechanism of both social transformation and social control in the UK between 1979 and 1992. This is investigated by employing a 'critical realist' perspective which is located within a wider 'neo-Marxist' conceptual frame. The links between the NR and the Radical Right (RR) Conservative governments during this period are investigated through an analysis of the origins, intentions and ascendancy of NR ideology. It is suggested that the NIRIRR's political intent was a 'hegemonic project' to shift underlying moral values from 'social democracy' to the 'social market'. This depended on the successful transmission, through education, of a definition of 'citizenship' grounded in competitive, 'selfish individualism', with the inequalities of the 'social market' accepted as 'common-sense'. My data reveal how the NRJRR conjoined symbolic and material rules and resources to draw power and authority to 'the centre' on the grounds that there was a crisis in national stability and security. Education is identified as a central mechanism in the NR!RR's 'hegemonic project'. It is shown how the RR gained control of the form, content and method of educational provision through a series of initiatives which gradually altered the structure of education and shifted provision progressively from the periphery to the centre, centralising control over curriculum and resources while devolving responsibility and accountability to schools. The argument central to my thesis is that the NR/RR sought to use physical education as a pivotal component of its 'hegemonic project'. This is revealed most clearly in the privileging of the definition of physical education as 'sport and games' in NRJRR discourse. This discourse sought to imbue pupils with values of competition, tradition, reward, meritocracy and individual responsibility: the moral values central to the 'social market'. My data outline how the NRLRR endeavoured to 'control' the 'form', 'structure', 'content' and 'methods' of physical education provision in state schools by delineating the discursive framework and text of the national curriculum physical education (NCPE), and raise critical issues relating to the relationship between policy, power and autonomy within the education system.

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This thesis attempts to illustrate how texts engage in a struggle to define social reality. The academic and political debate on the drone provides a case study illustrating pro-drone, anti-drone and drone-deconstructivist text´s attempt to define social reality around the drone. Through this exploration the thesis contests the positivist notion that reality is fixed and can be discovered. The thesis utilizes IR poststructuralism as a theoretical guideline and engages with a range of poststructuralist concepts and sub-theories identified in previous research. Methodologically, the thesis conducts a qualitative content analysis on three journal articles, two speeches and two chapters of a report. Moreover, the thesis conducts a discourse analysis to contextualize findings and provide in-depth analysis of examples. The thesis presents and analyzes findings in accordance with the categories identified in coding, highlights an example through discourse analysis and links findings to the research question concerned with texts struggle to define social reality. The thesis concludes by arguing that the drone-debate is a “battlespace” for defining social reality, thus contesting the positivist notion that social reality is fixed.