Non prévue par les textes, l'actualisation de la Constitution ravive le plus souvent la crainte d'un gouvernement des juges. Il faut dire que selon une acceptation classiquement répandue, le Conseil constitutionnel excéderait le cadre général de sa mission à chaque fois qu'il s'écarterait de la signification originaire des énoncés constitutionnels. Il appartiendrait au Conseil constitutionnel d'examiner seulement un rapport de conformité au regard d'une norme constitutionnelle qui s'imposerait à lui. Cette approche de l'office du juge constitutionnel est réductrice, elle néglige les rapports entre le temps et la Constitution. L'étude comparée des expériences espagnole, italienne et française amène ainsi à repenser l'office du juge constitutionnel à l'aune de la variable temps. En cela, l'adaptation de la norme constitutionnelle à la réalité sociale, permise par la liberté d'interprétation du juge constitutionnel, contribue à la préservation de la longévité de la Constitution. La longévité requiert en effet en sus de la stabilité, soit de la continuité de la Constitution, la mutabilité de la substance constitutionnelle. Or, garantir la suprématie de la Constitution implique, dans une perspective d'intemporalité, de préserver sa longévité. L'actualisation de la Constitution constitue dès lors une fonction implicite du juge constitutionnel visant à garantir la longévité de la Constitution par le biais de l'interprétation de la Constitution. Une fonction que le juge constitutionnel s'efforce d'encadrer afin de respecter l'équilibre des pouvoirs inhérent à un État de droit. / Not planned by law, the updating of the Constitution often revives the fear of a government of the judges. In fact, according to a widespread acceptance: the Constitutional Council would exceed the general framework of its mission every time it deviates from the original meaning of constitutional statements. The sole duty of the Constitutional Council would be to examine a relationship of compliance with regard to a constitutional standard, which would be imperative upon him. This approach of the office of the constitutional judge is reducing and neglects relationships between time and the Constitution. The comparative study of Spanish, Italian and French experiences leads to rethink the office of the constitutional judge by considering it in light of the time variable. In that respect, adaptation of the constitutional standard to social reality, allowed by the freedom of interpretation of the constitutional judge, contributes to the Constitution's preservation and longevity. Indeed, longevity requires, in addition to stability, which ensures the Constitution's continuity, mutability of the constitutional substance. Now, ensuring the Constitution's supremacy implies, in a perspective of timelessness, to preserve its longevity. From then on, updating the Constitution is an implicit duty of the constitutional judge, aiming to en sure the Constitution's longevity through its interpretation. A duty that the constitutional judge endeavours to supervise strictly in order to respect the balance of powers inherent to a State subject to the rule of law.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nadia Cristina Varjao.pdf: 1491839 bytes, checksum: c1b4d8685e0ab64af73645f6220d1ef3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims study the social reality portrayed in the regionalist novel Vidas Secas, by Graciliano Ramos, marked in the regional history of the backland, and pointing to the marks of oppression against backland people present in the discursive production of the novel. The focus on the social reality, presented by the report of the history of droughts in the Northeast, is fundamentally brought by Villa s studies (2001), followed by notes of historiographical basis that consider Literature as likely to be historical source. Then we elucidate the social commitment present in this generation of writers in the end of nineteenth and the beginning of twentieth centuries, highlighting the political positioning of Graciliano Ramos. Based on the theoretical Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in its approach from Fairclough (2001), we analyze the meanings of words that point to traces of oppression resulting from discourses of social matrices and, further, we analyzed the projection of the social ethos of the characters from the perspective of social oppression, revealed in interdiscursive level and submitted to existing orders of discourse. The research enabled us to observe social practices prevalent in Brazilian backlands, proven by historical records and high degree of oppression against backland people constituted in discourse Graciliano that, in turn, has always shown a commitment to uncover the man of his time under the imprint of maladjusted and socially unequal realities / Essa dissertação tem como tema o estudo sobre a realidade social retratada no romance regionalista Vidas Secas, de Graciliano Ramos, marcada na história regional do sertão, e o apontamento para os indícios de opressão contra os sertanejos presentes na produção discursiva do romance. O enfoque à realidade social, apresentada por meio do relato da história das secas no Nordeste é, fundamentalmente, trazido pelos estudos de Villa (2001), seguido dos apontamentos de base historiográfica que consideram a Literatura como passível de ser fonte histórica. A seguir, elucidamos sobre o comprometimento social presente nas gerações de escritores no final do século XIX e início do século XX, com destaque ao posicionamento político de Graciliano Ramos. Tendo como base teórica a Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD) em sua abordagem a partir de Fairclough (2001), realizamos a análise do significado das palavras que apontem para traços de opressão a partir de discursos resultantes de matrizes sociais e, adiante, analisamos a projeção do ethos social dos personagens partindo da perspectiva da opressão social, reveladas em nível interdiscursivo e submetida a ordens de discurso vigentes. A pesquisa nos possibilitou observar práticas sociais predominantes nos sertões brasileiros, comprovadas pelos registros históricos, e o alto grau de opressão contra o sertanejo constituído no discurso de Graciliano que, por sua vez, sempre demonstrou um compromisso em desvelar o homem de seu tempo sob o cunho das realidades desajustadas e desiguais socialmente

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-16T13:25:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Jorge Ricardo Carvalho de Freitas.pdf: 2061957 bytes, checksum: 2dc6247de1d3081451b04071cfb38423 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T13:25:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Jorge Ricardo Carvalho de Freitas.pdf: 2061957 bytes, checksum: 2dc6247de1d3081451b04071cfb38423 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-29 / This paper presents testimonials and an analyze socio-cultural of companions who are real protagonists of a relevant mathematics to their particular way of measuring the relationship between man and land. It showed us possible causes and consequences about the use in large scale in all the activities developed by rural workers of the South Rainforest Zone of Pernambuco, of units of measures that, although, conventional in that living today are considered unofficial. Initially it does a rescue historic of units of measures in others cultures from antiquity until the deployment of the official system of measures. Circumstantially describes the probable origin and the arrival of new sugar centers in the South Rainforest of Pernambuco, and with them, as ?fathoms? and the ?accounts? and ?tasks? as its multiples. It discusses parameters of the social reality of the agrarian man, questioning the possibility this man suffer some type of exploration by inequality that finds in the fields. It traces the worker?s profile linked to their daily lives to those units. It also states the possibility of strategies for creating of a way of looking at education focused discussions of mobilization within teaching of the Federal Institute of Pernambuco ? Campus Barreiros in order to consolidate the use of system within a internacional context, however, without failing to realize that a learning centered everyday realities of our students, where our practical activities are much more meaningful and relevant, be necessary. / Este trabalho apresenta depoimentos e uma an?lise s?cio-cultural de companheiros que s?o verdadeiros protagonistas de uma matem?tica pertinente ao seu modo peculiar de mensurar as rela??es entre homem e a terra. Mostrou-nos eventuais causas e conseq??ncias sobre o uso em larga escala, em todas as atividades realizadas pelos trabalhadores rurais da Zona da Mata Sul de Pernambuco, de unidades de medidas, que, embora convencionais naquele conv?vio hoje s?o consideradas n?o oficiais. Inicialmente faz um resgate hist?rico de unidades de medidas em outras culturas da antiguidade at? a implanta??o do sistema oficial de medidas. Descreve circunstancialmente a prov?vel origem e chegada dos novos centros a?ucareiros na Mata Sul de Pernambuco, e com eles, as ?bra?as? e as ?contas? e ?tarefas? como seus m?ltiplos. Aborda par?metros da realidade social do homem agr?rio, questionando a possibilidade desse homem sofrer algum tipo de explora??o pela desigualdade que encontra nos canaviais. Tra?a o perfil do trabalhador vinculando o seu cotidiano a essas unidades. Declara tamb?m a possibilidade de estrat?gias para cria??o de um modo de ver educa??o voltada a discuss?es de mobiliza??o dentro do ensino do Instituto Federal de Pernambuco ? Campus Barreiros, no intuito de consolidar o uso do Sistema Internacional dentro de um contexto, por?m, sem deixar perceber que um aprendizado centrado nas realidades cotidianas dos nossos estudantes, onde suas atividades pr?ticas s?o muito mais significativas e relevantes, seja necess?rio.

In this study, the manipulations of history and language in the dystopias of &ldquo / Nineteen Eighty-Four&rdquo / by George Orwell, &ldquo / We&rdquo / by Yevgeni Zamyatin and &ldquo / Brave New World&rdquo / by Aldous Huxley are examined. The principal aim of this investigation is to demonstrate that in these imaginary societies absolute stability is achieved through the manipulations of these two domains. The thesis argues that if the domains of history and language are not taken under control, they are to provide the subjects with the standard of comparisons which would enable them to realize that they are in fact dominated. However, once these domains are manipulated, they are transformed into the means of the dystopian rulers for mentally impoverishing people in a way that they would not be capable of conceiving the flaws within the system and therefore, would not attempt to challenge the order or require a change. In this sense, it is proposed that the subjects of these closed societies, who are formed as a result of the reshaping of history and language, would lack the mental capabilities to identify their subjection and behave automatically in the manner that is imposed on them by the political order. Moreover, in this study, the relationship of the genre dystopia with political theory is explored / it is indicated that dystopias are not only literary works, but rather they are also texts of social criticism containing certain warnings about the future course of events. Relying on this argument, it is claimed that such an invasion of the minds by the control over history and language in our three dystopias is the exaggerated version of the ideological relationships of the individuals to these two realms in the contemporary societies. Thus, having in mind that in the dystopias examined here the manipulations of history and language are the preconditions of the use of other realms (such as religion, sexuality and science), it is concluded that these texts enable modern individuals to see that in order to maintain a critical distance with the established political and social order, the multiplicity of linguistic resources and knowledge of history are very crucial.

282f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-15T12:51:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Soleni Fressatoseg-1.pdf: 3411680 bytes, checksum: 4ce3ab1e3ce6c82de5086cf61804c84c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Alice Ribeiro(malice@ufba.br) on 2013-05-02T16:09:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Soleni Fressatoseg-1.pdf: 3411680 bytes, checksum: 4ce3ab1e3ce6c82de5086cf61804c84c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-02T16:09:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Soleni Fressatoseg-1.pdf: 3411680 bytes, checksum: 4ce3ab1e3ce6c82de5086cf61804c84c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O objeto da presente pesquisa é a representação das práticas culturais caipiras no cinema de Amacio Mazzaropi, sendo seus conceitos norteadores os vinculados às noções de cultura, cultura popular e cultura de massa. O corpo teórico possui como fundamento principal a obra A cultura popular na Idade Média e no Renascimento: o contexto de François Rabelais de Mikhail Bakhtin. Nela o autor explica que a cultura popular, pautada pelo cômico, utiliza-se do deboche e da sátira como uma forma de resistência aos valores e à ideologia dominante. Dos 32 filmes de Mazzaropi foram escolhidos Chico Fumaça (1958), Chofer de praça (1958), Jeca Tatu (1959) e Tristeza do Jeca (1961). Nesses filmes foi representada a realidade social dos caipiras, inclusive a relação conflitiva com os proprietários de terra e com os hábitos e costumes citadinos. A partir da análise desses filmes, podemos afirmar que a cultura popular neles representada caracteriza-se pela ambigüidade, algumas vezes subordinando-se, em outras se rebelando contra os valores dominantes e as regras instituídas. Quanto ao método, os seus filmes foram analisados à luz do período em que foram produzidos, ou seja, no contexto de hegemonia da política e ideologia desenvolvimentista, no entanto, não compactuando com suas propostas. / Salvador

A Pragmatic Analysis of Olunyole Idiom examines the functionality of Olunyole idioms in socio-cultural interactional contexts. The study investigates the relationship between the construction and interpretation of Olunyole idioms and the representation of the social reality as reflected in the native speakers’ (Abanyole) world view. The study employs the descriptive qualitative research design and builds on the functional approach to the study of language. The Olunyole idioms are collected from the initial sample of over 240 native speakers through language elicitation tests. The idioms collected are subjected to confirmation through ethnographic observation and questionnaires involving a further 30 native speakers. Interviews and focused discussions with a purposively selected sample of sixteen elderly native speaker informants provide further confirmation and linguistic insight into the functionality of the Olunyole idioms.framework in interrogating the role of language in social structure and organization within contextualised interactional conversations involving Olunyole idioms. The data of idiomatic expressions is analyzed into pragmatic domains that characterize the Abanyole perceptions of their world view as a speech community. It is concluded that the idioms project the people’s cultural beliefs and perpetuate the norms and values of the speakers in their mutual interactive use of language. The Olunyole idiomatic utterances regulate the people’s behaviour for harmonious co-existence. The composition and comprehension of the idioms is therefore context-dependent in realizing deliberate acts that control social interaction. The study contributes to the attempts to preserve and promote the African Languages. It is recommended that studies need to be carried out on the other systems of Olunyole idioms such as the syntactic structure. Furthermore, the investigation between idioms and other levels of indirect language could provide enriching insights in Language and Linguistics. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil.(African Languages)

The aim of this study has been to contribute to the knowledge about food and eating as a social phenomenon, by examining how individuals who diverge from the food norm construct their social reality. This qualitative study were carried out in Umeå 2017. Individuals who identified as vegans and ate an strict vegan diet were interviewed on the base of a semi structured interview guide. Since the theoretical framework on which the study lies is Kathy Charmaz´s social constructionism, the object of the study is not the vegans themself, but the social situations where they encounter food normativity. The results showed that three different processes were in motion when the deviants navigated through the landscape of food normativity; att konfrontera eller inte konfrontera (to confront or not to confront), tidens inverkan på mängden upplevda konflikter (effect of time on the degree of experienced conflicts) and normföljarnas känslor och dess konsekvenser för normavvikarna (the normfollowers feelings and their consequenses for the deviants). The study showed that the effects of social food norms hade a great impact on the deviants social reality.

Notre thèse se propose de démontrer dans quelle mesure et par quels procédés Alves Redol s’inspire de la crise viticole du Alto Douro (1907-1915) sous ses aspects humains, politiques et socio-économiques pour élaborer l’architecture de sa trilogie. Cette problématique permet de découvrir combien la possession et la dépossession de la terre sont incontestablement deux axes fondamentaux qui décident du sort des protagonistes. Ce travail consiste à s’interroger sur les différents mécanismes qui sont au début de cette crise viticole, qui ont engendré un déséquilibre économique et par conséquent, d’importants changements tant au niveau de l’organisation sociale qu’au niveau des rapports sociaux. L’objectif de ce travail est de montrer comment la terre schisteuse du Douro, productrice du vin de Porto, façonne foncièrement l’homme dans sa dépendance fatale de la rigueur inexorable des saisons. Les viticulteurs dans la trilogie redolienne, et par le biais de l’intertextualité, sont aux prises avec une multitude de difficultés dues à plusieurs éléments : facteurs législatifs (signature d’un traité de vente de vin avec et en faveur de l’Angleterre) ; facteurs naturels (sous-production avec le phylloxéra et le mildiou) ; facteurs humains (surproduction et mévente avec la concurrence et surtout avec la contrefaçon du vin de Porto). Dans le sillage des théories marxistes-léninistes et du matérialisme dialectique, nous avons tenté de montrer que, malgré les procédés d’animalisation et de perspectives de privations continuelles des viticulteurs et des sans terre par les détenteurs des moyens de production, la masse rurale unie, réussit à se révolter contre l’exploitant et pour un nouvel ordre social. / Our thesis intends to prove to what extent and by what processes Alves Redol inspired by the Alto Douro wine-growing crisis (1907-1915) in its human, political and socio-economic dimensions to develop the architecture of his trilogy. Posing the problem in this fashion enables us to highlight that land ownership and dispossession are unquestionably two main axes which have an influence on the protagonists’fate. Our work examines the different mechanisms at the root of the wine-growing crisis, which created an economic imbalance, and consequently important changes in social organization as well as social relationships. This work aims at showing how the Upper Douro’s schistose soil, a key element in Porto wine production, also fundamentally fashions man and makes him dependent on the rigour of the cycle of seasons. In Redol’s trilogy, wine-growers, through the intertextuality process, are confronted with many difficulties due to various elements, whether they be legislative (the signing of a wine sales treaty in favour of England), natural (underproduction caused by phylloxera and mildew), or human (overproduction and bad sales due to competition and counterfeiting of Port wine). In keeping with Marxist-Leninist theories and dialectic materialism, we intend to show that, in spite of the dehumanization process and constant deprivation of wine-growers and landless people by those who control means of production, the united rural world succeeded in rebelling against its exploiters to achieve a new social order.

This study deals with aspects of the everyday social reality of the forced community in the Terezin ghetto in 1941-1945. It is a microsociological introspection of the life of the prisoners that lived in the ghetto. It aims to define social factors that influenced the lives of people that were stigmatized, fought for their lives and lived in border-line situations. The research part of the study uses biographical method. It uses 10 recorded testimonials of survivors - former Terezin prisoners. The research was carried out by means of partly structured interviews. The questions dealt with internal and external factors that created the daily reality of this forced community. The aim was to map their subjective perception of life conditions, social ties, both negative and positive factors and further personal utterances of the narrators. The testimonies serve for better and deeper understanding of the Terezin reality. The factors that affected the community in a negative way included fear of the unknown, fear of loosing close friends and relatives, very bad life conditions that strongly affected the negative mind-set of people and loss of moral values. In contrast, the positive factors included culture and sports that were welcomed by the prisoners as they allowed them to shift aside gloomy thoughts....

No description available.