En France, depuis la récente réforme dite de la " masterisation " 1 , les enseignants doivent posséder le grade de Master pour pouvoir enseigner dans les différentes structures d'enseignement de l'Éducation Nationale : écoles maternelles ou élémentaires pour le primaire, collèges ou lycées pour le secondaire. En plus de ce diplôme, ces maîtres doivent réussir un concours de recrutement (CRPE 2 ou CAPES3 notamment, ou encore CAPET4 ou CAPEPS5...) pour devenir titulaires. Dans ce contexte de réforme, depuis 2010, des masters préparant au professorat des écoles ont été construits et mis en œuvre dans les universités françaises. En France, un étudiant diplômé d'un Master et ayant réussi le concours du CRPE peut enseigner en école primaire, indifféremment en élémentaire ou en maternelle. Cette dernière école est aujourd'hui complètement intégrée au système éducatif. Constituant le premier segment de la scolarité, elle est considérée, selon l'expression convenue, comme le " fleuron de ce système ". La maternelle est la structure d'accueil de la petite enfance la plus fréquentée en France par les enfants âgés de deux à six ans, avant la scolarité obligatoire. Ainsi, à la différence de nombreux pays, notamment européens, l'éducation préscolaire est confiée à des professeurs des écoles hautement diplômés (à BAC+5). Cette recherche propose de caractériser la professionnalité de ces enseignants de maternelle par l'examen de leurs pratiques relatives à la prise en charge de la première éducation scientifique et technologique (ST) dont ils ont la responsabilité. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans la lignée des travaux portant sur la professionnalité (par exemple : Bourdoncle et Mathey-Pierre, 19956 ; Bourdoncle, 2000 ; Périsset, sous presse7) et complète ceux qui portent particulièrement sur la professionnalité des enseignants du premier degré.).

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Ce travail se propose d'utiliser une visite d'usine pour faire élaborer un référent empirique en début de l'apprentissage de la thermodynamique chimique. S'appuyant sur le schéma de modélisation de J.-L. Martinand (1995), le travail comporte une analyse du fonctionnement de l'usine en vue de construire des élaborations modélisantes accessibles aux étudiants, faite sur la base du discours produit par un technicien chargé de la maintenance et des documents techniques mis à notre disposition. En parallèle à l'analyse de ces données, un essai de séquence incluant une visite d'usine a permis de repérer les questions que les étudiants se posent, celles sur lesquelles ils progressent, les liens qu'ils essayent d'établir avec leurs connaissances théoriques. L'articulation de ces deux volets permet d'élaborer des activités à proposer aux étudiants. Ce travail constitue une mise à l'épreuve d'un cadre théorique qui permet de repérer la diversité et les évolutions des descriptions d'un réel.

<p> Since WWII, the United States has experienced unprecedented economic growth and global expansion through the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Today, STEM technological innovations permeate many aspects of the social experience, from education to career to home-life, contributing to a pervasive technocratic ideology emphasizing global U.S. economic and political superiority. Many sectors of American society now tout STEM initiatives as a premium for U.S. education, contributing to the neoliberal model of producing effective, efficient, and skilled laborers. But, does STEM necessarily contribute to those social forces that routinely devalue the principles of a liberal, democratic educational ideal?</p><p> In 2014, I investigated new forms of collaboration between the commercial sector and education system in Flagstaff, AZ. The STEM City Center is a non-profit organization that seeks to bridge the gap between community and schools by identifying local assets and sponsoring integrated STEM experiences for students. Using STEM as a conceptual tool to support interdisciplinary approaches to education, participants of this project revealed the core values that motivate social transformation in a town that borders multiple ethnic and cultural realities recognized as under assault by increasingly globalized markets. STEM City's model emphasizes increased critical thinking, collaborative learning, creativity, and effective communication and supports an implicit goal of encouraging a critically engaged, politically aware, and socially conscious society.</p>

<p> Law schools are criticized for graduating students who lack the skills necessary to practice law. Legal research is a foundational ability necessary to support lawyering competency. The American Bar Association (ABA) establishes standards for legal education that include a requirement that each law student receive substantial instruction in legal skills, including legal research. Despite the recognized importance of legal research in legal education, there is no consensus of what to teach as part of a legal research course or even how to teach such a course. </p><p> Legal educators struggle to address these issues. The practicing bar and judiciary have expressed concerns about law school graduates ability to conduct legal research. Studies have been conducted detailing the poor research ability of law students and their lack of skills. Although deficiencies in law student research skills have been identified, there is no agreement as to how to remediate these deficiencies. This dissertation suggests the legal research resources that should be taught in law schools by identifying the research resources used by practicing attorneys and comparing them to those resources currently included in legal research instruction at the 202 ABA-accredited law schools. </p><p> Multiple data sources were used in this study. Practitioner resource information was based on data provided by practicing attorneys responding to the 2013 ABA Legal Technology Survey. Resources taught in ABA-accredited law schools were identified through three sources: a 2014 law school legal research survey sent to the 202 ABA-accredited law schools, a review of law school syllabi from ABA-accredited law school legal research and legal research and writing courses, and the Association of Legal Writing Directors 2013 annual survey of legal research and writing faculty. The combined data from these three sources were compared to the resources used by practicing lawyers identified in the annual national 2013 ABA Legal Technology Survey. This comparison of what is taught with what is used in practice identifies a deficiency in law school instruction in the research resources used by practicing attorneys. These survey results detail distinct areas of inadequate instruction in legal research resources and provide legal educators with detailed information necessary to develop a curriculum that will result in graduating students with practice-ready competencies.</p>

<p> Too often, the truth behind a phenomenon is not sought through the perspectives of the people who lived that phenomenon&mdash;&ldquo;the masters of inquiry&rdquo; into their own realities, as Paulo Freire (1982, p. 29) has explained. Voice is the most powerful, reliable medium for collecting data based on lived experiences, if we are to gain genuine insight into the phenomenon (Freire, 1982). Focusing on the lived experiences of four formerly incarcerated young men of color, this study gave each participant the space to not only recall specific events and times, but to critically reflect on their lives&mdash;becoming more critically aware of their individual journeys and constructing new knowledge of the injustices that relate to the school-to-prison pipeline, including recommendations for change. This study sought to answer the following research questions through the voices of the participants: (a) Based on their collective and individual journeys through the juvenile justice system, how do formerly incarcerated youth describe their experiences? (b) What recommendations do formerly incarcerated young men have for reducing youth incarceration and recidivism rates? The participants provided rich narratives that answered each research question with the expert knowledge that can only be derived from firsthand experience. Through careful analysis of the data, several major themes emerged, tying together the experiences of each participant with the findings from the literature. Each participant spoke passionately on not only the need for change, but also specific recommendations for change. It is the power of their poignant insights that ground conclusions offered in this study.</p>

Ce travail repose sur le constat que l'introduction de nouveaux programmes affecte peu les pratiques enseignantes. Quatre facteurs de résistances ont été identifiés par la littérature : la logique de conception du document officiel, son mode d'introduction auprès des enseignants, la structure du texte et les conceptions éducatives à partir desquelles les enseignants définissent leur pratique. Pour traiter cette question du changement, nous nous plaçons en amont des pratiques enseignantes, au niveau du système de valeurs que mobilise l'enseignant pour aborder son métier. Nous formulons l'hypothèse qu'il est possible, dans le cadre particulier de l'éducation physique et sportive, d'affecter le système de valeurs des enseignants en déclinant concrètement la notion du développement personnel de l'élève dans un curriculum d'enseignement qu'ils mettront en oeuvre dans leur classe. Pour caractériser les systèmes de valeurs et mesurer les changements induits par l'introduction du curriculum, nous utilisons le modèle des orientations de valeurs (OV). Les résultats obtenus confirment en partie de l'hypothèse car une modification des systèmes de valeurs est constatée. Cette expérience confirme l'effet des éléments prélevés dans la littérature pour concevoir le curriculum et l'existence d'un lien entre l'évolution du profil d'OV et sa structure initiale. Cependant deux contradictions majeures questionnent la pertinence d'une approche strictement quantitative. Les profils initiaux des enseignants sont composés d'OV incompatibles entre elles et l'évolution des différentes OV durant l'expérience n'est pas conforme à celle identifiée par la littérature

Many Christian churches incorporate environmental policies as part of their mission while others appear hesitant to embrace ecological concern. I set out to explore the nature of this difference and the possible reasons for it by interviewing 12 clergy from a wide variety of Christian traditions. I also examined the possible role of the Eucharist as a catalyst for environmental mission. A grounded theory approach to my interview data revealed two commonly held clerical beliefs, each with potential ecological implications: Christ‘s redemption extends to all creation, not merely the human soul, and God intends the Earth to be transformed into a new creation—a transformation that began at Christ‘s resurrection. The study concludes with a recommendation for continued research into the effect of frequent Eucharist observance and regular teaching about the biblical mandate of creation care.

<p>Since the early 1980s Holocaust education and genocide studies programs at the primary, secondary and post-secondary educational levels have become commonplace and an accepted element of public school curriculum. As these programs and their curricula gained acceptance within public education, efforts to increase awareness of genocidal events outside and beyond the European Holocaust as well as increased attention paid to ethnic studies programs have also gained traction in public schooling. These efforts manifested themselves in the mid to late 1990s to include the Great Irish Famine (1845&ndash;1852) as a sub-study of greater Holocaust/genocide studies in both the states of New Jersey and New York. More than ten years after the formal adoption of the official state-sponsored Great Irish Famine curricula, their impact, influence and utilization remain unclear. This paper examines the history behind the creation of both New Jersey and New York Famine Curricula, compares and contrasts the two documents, examines their use in both states&rsquo; public schools, and suggests potential revisions to each Famine curriculum. </p>