One of the pillars of a democratic society is social trust. It strengthens the perception of group values and creates a social environment that may influence attitudes toward immigrants. This paper delves into the dynamics of frequent social interaction (FSI), attitudes towards immigrants (ATI), and the mediating role of social trust (ST). The research aims to investigate the connections that underpin the relationships within this democratic system in Sweden. Does social trust and frequent social interaction influence attitudes toward immigrants? This paper uses the European Social Survey (ESS), particularly the 2018-2019 Round 9, focusing on Sweden. Hayes Process Macro Model 4 simple mediation is used to regress and explore the relationship between these variables. The quantitative analysis result indicates that there were statistically significant relationships between FSI and ATI with the presence of social trust as the mediator. The research paper provided findings that are beneficial in the study of International Migration and Ethnic Relations (IMER) and added information on how attitudes toward immigrants influence Swedish society. Lastly, a proposal for future research is then discussed and concluded.

Denna uppsats är en kvantitativ studie om 15-åringars tillit till statliga institutioner utifrån social position i samhället. Studien har genomförts genom en surveyundersökning i form av enkäter genomförda i klass nio i sex kommunala grundskolor i Stockholmsområdet. Studien syftar till att undersöka om det finns samband mellan social position och tillit där vi använder social position som ett samlingsbegrepp för faktorerna socioekonomisk status, klassbakgrund, invandrarbakgrund och kön. Resultaten visar att det går att se ett samband där ungdomar med en lägre social position hyser lägre tillit än ungdomar med en högre social position. Vi kan endast se kön som en faktor gällande den generella tillitsfrågan samt gällande upplevelsen av trygghet kvälls-/nattetid i närområdet. Där personer som definierar sig som kvinnor skattar lägre tillit och känner sig mindre trygga i mörkret än män. Analysen visar att det finns samband mellan tillitsgrad och bostadssegregation, förändringar i välfärdsstaten Sverige, föräldrarnas utbildningsbakgrund samt i vilken mån ungdomarna av sina föräldrar blivit rådda att inte lita på personer i allmänhet. Våra resultat har vi kommit fram till genom framförallt bivariata analyser i statistikprogrammet IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Resultaten har sedan analyserats med hjälp av teori om tillit, socialt kapital och intersektionalitet. De slutsatser vi kan dra av vår analys stämmer till stor del överens med tidigare forskning på ämnet. / This paper is a quantitative study, which examines 15-year-olds trust towards governmental institutions on the basis of social position in society. The study has been carried out through a survey in class nine in six public schools in the Stockholm region. The study aims to investigate whether there is connection between social position and trust, where we use social position as a generic term for socioeconomic status, class background, immigrant background and gender. The results show that it is possible to see a correlation between lower social position and lower trust and higher social position and higher trust. We can only see gender as a factor according to the general question of trust as well as the question of current experience of safety in the evening/at night in the surrounding area. Where people who define themselves as women perceive less trust and feel less safe in the dark than men. The analysis shows that there is connection between the levels of trust and residential segregation, changes in the welfare state, the parents ' educational background and the extent to which young people been advised by their parents not to trust people in general. The results has been analysed through bivariaty analysis in IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The conclusions we can draw from our analysis is to a large extent consistent with previous research on the topic.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and to explore how B2C e-commerce businesses could use social media marketing strategies to increase their consumers purchase intentions on their sites. Findings enabled the development and research of a comprehensive social media marketing system which includes a general set of components and tools aiming at increasing purchase intentions on such sites. The theoretical framework of the thesis is based on literature as well as previous studies of Social Media, Social Media Marketing, Social Media Marketing System, E-commerce, B2C, Social Commerce, S-commerce, Online Purchase Intentions, Trust and Social Trust. A conceptual framework was created and led the research method which used a convergent parallel mixed method design that includes gathering and analysing both qualitative and quantitative data. The data is gathered from potential users and clients of the system and led by the user-centered design (UCD) process. The obtained qualitative and quantitative data was analysed separately and then merged together by a side-by-side comparison. With the use of this approach, several ways businesses can increase consumers purchase intentions towards their B2C e-commerce site were discovered. Social media presence, published content, publishing frequency, content type, special sale promotions and social media friends are variables that have been found to be influential upon purchase intentions. The integration of a social media marketing system combined with these variables was found to be a successful tool for B2C e-commerce businesses wanting to increase consumers purchase intention through social media networks.

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Distributed systems like e-commerce and e-market places, peer-to-peer networks, social networks, and mobile ad hoc networks require cooperation among the participating entities to guarantee the formation and sustained existence of network services. The reliability of interactions among anonymous entities is a significant issue in such environments. The distributed entities establish connections to interact with others, which may include selfish and misbehaving entities and result in bad experiences. Therefore, trustworthiness evaluation using trust management techniques has become a significant issue in securing these environments to allow entities decide on the reliability and trustworthiness of other entities, besides it helps coping with defection problems and stimulating entities to cooperate. Recent models on evaluating trustworthiness in distributed systems have heavily focused on assessing trustworthiness of entities and isolate misbehaviours based on single trust metrics. Less effort has been put on the investigation of the subjective nature and differences in the way trustworthiness is perceived to produce a composite multidimensional trust metrics to overcome the limitation of considering single trust metric. In the light of this context, this thesis concerns the evaluation of entities’ trustworthiness by the design and investigation of trust metrics that are computed using multiple properties of trust and considering environment. Based on the concept of probabilistic theory of trust management technique, this thesis models trust systems and designs cooperation techniques to evaluate trustworthiness in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). A recommendation based trust model with multi-parameters filtering algorithm, and multidimensional metric based on social and QoS trust model are proposed to secure MANETs. Effectiveness of each of these models in evaluating trustworthiness and discovering misbehaving nodes prior to interactions, as well as their influence on the network performance has been investigated. The results of investigating both the trustworthiness evaluation and the network performance are promising.

The theory of social capital has been well discussed within the field of Political Science. This paper aims to study how social capital is gender related within gender divided groups in Babati, Tanzania. The study maps out the distribution of social and political trust within these groups. The material consists of 50 interviews with men and women that participate in informal, voluntary groups in Babati. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods has been used to analyze the trust distribution between men and women. The data that is analyzed through the theory of Robert Putnam and trough) Gidengil and O’Neill’s criticism of Putnam, claiming that social capital is imbued in gender patterns, inequalities and hierarchies. The result shows small variety between men and women’s social and political trust, with the exemption of women possessing stronger trust towards court judges than men do. Gender patterns can be found in the motivations for trust and distrust among the respondents, which suggests that, the assumptions of Gidengil and O’Neill are valid.

"The relevance of social and economic rights to societal welfare and well-being need not be overemphasised. The quality of life enjoyed by the citizenry is directly related to the level of enjoyment of social and economic rights in any particular country. However, the enjoyment of social and economic rights is, in turn, largely predicated on the manner in which national resources are managed and directed towards obligations raised by social and economic rights. It is axiomatic, therefore, to devise a framework that ensures that managers of public resources operate within an environment where their actions in relation to the management of national resources are governed by transparency and accountability. In the light of the above, this study explores the relationship that exist between the social trust concept and leadership roles, particularly in as far as duty bearer accountability for social and economic rights is concerned. The study argues that social trust based devices can be used to enhance duty bearer accountability in relation to social and economic rights and that such increased duty bearer accountability will automatically serve to better the welfare of the citizenry. The viability of recognising and enforcing social trust based accountability mechanisms is highlighted by exploring its relevance to Malawi and Uganda. The crux of the study is that public functionaries must always be amenable to censure by the citizenry if diligence is to be infused in the performance of their duties and the social trust concept offers adept mechansisms for achieving this." -- Abstract. This study consists of five chapters. Chapter one provides the context and foundation of the study. Chapter two is devoted to explaining the nature and scope of the social trust concept and how it can validly, if at all, be extended into the public law realm. Chapter two also expounds on some basic concepts employed in the study. Chapter three is aimed at providing and understanding of leadership roles and explaining their relevance to social economic rights. Briefly put, chapter three explores the interface between social economic rights and social trust based leadership roles. Chapter four discusses the benefits of revitalising a social trust based conception of leadership roles particularly by highlighting why Malawi and Uganda need social trust based leadership roles. The chapter also outlines how the benefits of a revitalised duty bearer accountability can be realised. Chapter five will present the study's conclusions and recommendations." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005. / Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Ben Twinomugisha at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Uganda / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Bibliografický záznam FEDORKOVÁ, Marta. Parent-child relationship as a factor in the genesis of trust: An analysis of intergenerational transmission of generalized trust on the case of Husák's children. Praha, 2013. 78 s. Diplomová práce (Mgr.) Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut sociologických studií. Vedoucí diplomové práce Mgr. Jiří Remr, Ph.D., MBA Abstract This thesis extends the developing research on the sources of generalized trust by analyzing how the character of the parent-child relationship influences its formation and transfer - an aspect of trust genesis not previously addressed in the Czech context. Using data from a unique survey Distinctions and Values 2008, we explore the heterogeneity in the parental influence on trust on the case of Czech 30- year-olds and their parents. We first delimit the concept of generalized trust, presenting its most relevant current conceptualizations as well as a review of the current state of knowledge on its origins and transmission. Using Bengston's model of intergenerational transmission of values as our framework, we then in the second part of the paper look into the degree of similarity between parents and their offspring in terms of their willingness to trust others, and use logistic ordinal regression to examine how it is influenced by a...

Social capital has been studied on the basis of comparative studies on whether ethnic bakground has significance for social capital. The study is conducted on the basis of a qualitative content analysis as a method with the application of theory consumption studay or hypothesis studay.  The study is categorized into three dimensions as social interaction, association, involvement and municipal actors with several indicators. Socialt capital includes two primary theories by, Robert Putnam and Bo Rothsteins. Result shows that ethnicity is important for social capital because there are factors that positively affect an individual´s confidence.  The study also shows that ethnicity has less significance for social capital because the individual´s high confidence depends on the efficiency of the actors who positively influence social capital.

Social tillit är en central faktor i ett välfungerande samhälle och skapar förutsättningar för ekonomisktillväxt och sänkta transaktionskostnader. Att förstå vilka komponenter som kan bidra till nedbrytning avsocial tillit har därför stor betydelse för att kunna påverka samhällsutvecklingen. Syftet med denna uppsats är att identifiera och analysera drivkrafter och mekanismer som kan bryta ned social tillit i Sverige. En del forskare, däribland Robert Putnam, pekar på att etnisk mångfald på kort sikt kan bryta ned tillit. För att besvara uppsatsens syfte består studien av tre steg. Först identifieras tre komplikationer samt teser som utgör grunden för vår analysmodell. Dessa är modern informationsteknologi kan sprida misstro, identitet och polariserande drivkrafter kan styra individer att inte lita på andra samt begränsad rationalitet kan främja nedbrytningen av social tillit. Därefter genomfördes en omfattande litteraturstudie. Arbetet avslutades med en kvalitativ studie med sju semistrukturerade intervjuer där forskare och professorer fick granska den analysmodell som identifierats i studiens första steg. Komplikationerna analyseras med utgångspunkt i spelteorins förtroendespel. Även ett köns- ochgenusperspektiv inkluderas i analysen för att ta hänsyn till jämställdhetens centrala roll för ett fungerande högtillitssamhälle. Uppsatsen är explorativ och undersöker komplikationer som inte tidigare forskats kring. Därför önskade vi få kunskapsbidrag från professorer och forskare från olika discipliner för att skapa en helhetsbild av komplikationernas relevans för nedbrytningen av social tillit. Studien pekar på ett fortsatt högt och stabilt tillitsläge i Sverige och utöver komplikationerna visar studien att ekonomisk ojämlikhet och brist på gemenskap kan bidra till nerbrytning av social tillit. Denna hypotesgenererande uppsats ger upphov till tre hypoteser för fortsatt forskning. Att identitet och polariserande drivkrafter direkt kan förklara nedbrytning av social tillit genom att styra individer att inte lita på andra. Att modern informationsteknologi och begränsad rationalitet indirekt kan förklara nedbrytning av social tillit genom att sprida misstro respektive främja nedbrytningen. Att Putnams tes endast ger en förenklad bild av verkligheten och att etnisk mångfald inte ärdet största hotet för nedbrytning av social tillit. / Social trust is a key factor in a prosperous society and creates prerequisites for economic growth and reduced transaction costs. It is of significant value to understand which components contribute to the decomposition of social trust in order to impact social development. The purpose of this essay is toidentify and analyze forces and mechanisms that could decompose social trust in Sweden. Some researchers, including Robert Putnam, indicate that ethnic diversity could decompose trust in the short run. To answer the purpose of this study, the study consists of three stages. Three complications as well as theses were first chosen to create our analytical model. These are, that modern information technology could disseminate mistrust, that identity and polarizing forces could steer individuals not to trust others and that bounded rationality could promote the decomposition of social trust. After this stage, an extensive literature study was conducted. Lastly, a qualitative study with seven semi-structured interviews took place where professors and researchers were asked to review the analytical model that was conducted in the first stage of the study. The complications are analyzed from a game theoretic- and gender perspective. The study is explorative and examines complications that have not previously been examined or researched. As of this, we wish to gather knowledge from professors and researchers from different disciplines to create a holistic view of the complication's relevance on the decomposition of social trust. The study indicates a continuously high and stable state of trust in Sweden and, beyond the complications, the study shows that economic inequality and lack of community can contribute to the decomposition of social trust. This hypothesis generating essay originates three hypotheses for further research. That identity and polarizing forces could directly explain the decomposition of social trust by disseminating individuals not to trust others. That modern information technology and bounded rationality could indirectly explain the decomposition of social trust by steering mistrust respectively promoting the decomposition. That Putnam ́s thesis gives a simplified view of reality, and that ethnic diversity is not themost significant threat for the decomposition of social trust.