Those who study creativity, especially from a computational perspective, have long understood the role of social influence in the creative process. This has motivated many efforts to simulate social mechanics in artificial creative systems. However, these simulations have often replicated generic or assumed human behaviors rather than specific anthropological data. In this work we take a more focused approach by quantitatively measuring interactions between creators in online social communities and replicating observed phenomena in a simulated environment. The primary contributions of this thesis are 1) defining quantitative metrics for comparing human and simulated social networks of creators, 2) providing social interaction data and analysis for several online creative societies including Skratch, FanFiction, and r/ArtCrit, 3) defining AMACS, a flexible Architecture for Multi-Agent Creative Societies, and 4) demonstrating how manipulation of AMACS hyperparameters can induce a broad range desired behaviors, including behavior observed in human communities. This thesis will enable those who manage and participate in human creative societies, including administrators of large online communities of creators, to better understand the behavior of their community members. It will also help those seeking to simulate interactions between creative agents to identify differences between their simulations and human communities, providing points of inspiration and correction that may improve simulation efficacy.

O objeto desta tese é o próprio trabalho antropológico e etnográfico quando imerso em situações de perícia. Os contextos de perícia antropológica evidenciam um complexo quadro social, repleto de agentes e nuances que nem sempre são contemplados no texto do laudo ou do relatório técnico. Discutir as vicissitudes do trabalho de campo e da etnografia nestas situações produz um alargamento conceitual tanto da maneira como interpretamos os trabalhos técnicos, como também do próprio universo da antropologia social. Procuro problematizar a minha participação – na condição de antropólogoperito – na produção de relatórios técnicos de reconhecimento territorial de comunidades quilombolas no Brasil. Procuro evidenciar como a variabilidade de contextos etnográficos apresentados desafia qualquer tentativa de operação dedutiva simples tendo como referência a categoria quilombo. Parto de premissa acerca da existência de um diálogo criativo entre os casos empíricos, operações classificatórias oficiais e as categorias antropológicas. Tendo como base situações e “cenas” de meu trabalho de campo em comunidades quilombolas do Rio Grande do Sul e do Sergipe, demonstro a existência de camadas do reconhecimento social, da criatividade da memória coletiva, e de elementos das territorialidades, nem sempre visíveis ou apreensíveis no âmbito da operação do relatório técnico. O aparato legal que rege a questão quilombola (artigo 68 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias da Constituição Federal e suas derivações infraconstitucionais) funciona como enquadramento fundamental de produção identitária destes grupos sociais, não se apresentando, contudo, como o único. Neste sentido, existem diferentes enquadramentos que dialogam com as historicidades dos grupos e que produzem uma dinâmica classificatória de natureza complexa. / The main purpose of this thesis is to study the anthropological and ethnographic work when applied to the context of technical anthropological reports. On discussing the complexity of fieldwork and ethnography on these situations, I seek to offer a broader view of the ways we interpret the technical reports, as well as the social anthropology field itself. This work has as background the innovations brought by the article 68 of the Federal Constitution - and its infraconstitutional derivations – in what concerns quilombolas territorial rights. It intends to problematize my participation – in the condition of expert anthropologist - in the production of technical reports of territorial acknowledgement of quilombolas communities in Brazil. I seek to highlight how the variability of the etnographic contexts presented defy any attempt of simple deductive operation using as reference the quilombola category. I start from the premise about the existence of a creative dialogue between empirical cases, official classificatory operations and the anthropological categories. Using as base the situations and “scenes” from my field work with quilombolas communities of the Rio Grande do Sul and Sergipe, I demonstrate the existence of layers of social recognition, of creativity of the collective memory, and of elements of territorialities, not always visible and apprehensible within the scope of the operation of the technical report. The legal apparatus that dictates the quilombolas’ question works as a fundamental framework of the identitary production of these social groups, not being present, however, as a sole feature. In this sense, there are different frameworks that dialogue with the historicities of the groups and that produce a classificatory dynamics of complex nature.

O objeto desta tese é o próprio trabalho antropológico e etnográfico quando imerso em situações de perícia. Os contextos de perícia antropológica evidenciam um complexo quadro social, repleto de agentes e nuances que nem sempre são contemplados no texto do laudo ou do relatório técnico. Discutir as vicissitudes do trabalho de campo e da etnografia nestas situações produz um alargamento conceitual tanto da maneira como interpretamos os trabalhos técnicos, como também do próprio universo da antropologia social. Procuro problematizar a minha participação – na condição de antropólogoperito – na produção de relatórios técnicos de reconhecimento territorial de comunidades quilombolas no Brasil. Procuro evidenciar como a variabilidade de contextos etnográficos apresentados desafia qualquer tentativa de operação dedutiva simples tendo como referência a categoria quilombo. Parto de premissa acerca da existência de um diálogo criativo entre os casos empíricos, operações classificatórias oficiais e as categorias antropológicas. Tendo como base situações e “cenas” de meu trabalho de campo em comunidades quilombolas do Rio Grande do Sul e do Sergipe, demonstro a existência de camadas do reconhecimento social, da criatividade da memória coletiva, e de elementos das territorialidades, nem sempre visíveis ou apreensíveis no âmbito da operação do relatório técnico. O aparato legal que rege a questão quilombola (artigo 68 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias da Constituição Federal e suas derivações infraconstitucionais) funciona como enquadramento fundamental de produção identitária destes grupos sociais, não se apresentando, contudo, como o único. Neste sentido, existem diferentes enquadramentos que dialogam com as historicidades dos grupos e que produzem uma dinâmica classificatória de natureza complexa. / The main purpose of this thesis is to study the anthropological and ethnographic work when applied to the context of technical anthropological reports. On discussing the complexity of fieldwork and ethnography on these situations, I seek to offer a broader view of the ways we interpret the technical reports, as well as the social anthropology field itself. This work has as background the innovations brought by the article 68 of the Federal Constitution - and its infraconstitutional derivations – in what concerns quilombolas territorial rights. It intends to problematize my participation – in the condition of expert anthropologist - in the production of technical reports of territorial acknowledgement of quilombolas communities in Brazil. I seek to highlight how the variability of the etnographic contexts presented defy any attempt of simple deductive operation using as reference the quilombola category. I start from the premise about the existence of a creative dialogue between empirical cases, official classificatory operations and the anthropological categories. Using as base the situations and “scenes” from my field work with quilombolas communities of the Rio Grande do Sul and Sergipe, I demonstrate the existence of layers of social recognition, of creativity of the collective memory, and of elements of territorialities, not always visible and apprehensible within the scope of the operation of the technical report. The legal apparatus that dictates the quilombolas’ question works as a fundamental framework of the identitary production of these social groups, not being present, however, as a sole feature. In this sense, there are different frameworks that dialogue with the historicities of the groups and that produce a classificatory dynamics of complex nature.

O objeto desta tese é o próprio trabalho antropológico e etnográfico quando imerso em situações de perícia. Os contextos de perícia antropológica evidenciam um complexo quadro social, repleto de agentes e nuances que nem sempre são contemplados no texto do laudo ou do relatório técnico. Discutir as vicissitudes do trabalho de campo e da etnografia nestas situações produz um alargamento conceitual tanto da maneira como interpretamos os trabalhos técnicos, como também do próprio universo da antropologia social. Procuro problematizar a minha participação – na condição de antropólogoperito – na produção de relatórios técnicos de reconhecimento territorial de comunidades quilombolas no Brasil. Procuro evidenciar como a variabilidade de contextos etnográficos apresentados desafia qualquer tentativa de operação dedutiva simples tendo como referência a categoria quilombo. Parto de premissa acerca da existência de um diálogo criativo entre os casos empíricos, operações classificatórias oficiais e as categorias antropológicas. Tendo como base situações e “cenas” de meu trabalho de campo em comunidades quilombolas do Rio Grande do Sul e do Sergipe, demonstro a existência de camadas do reconhecimento social, da criatividade da memória coletiva, e de elementos das territorialidades, nem sempre visíveis ou apreensíveis no âmbito da operação do relatório técnico. O aparato legal que rege a questão quilombola (artigo 68 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias da Constituição Federal e suas derivações infraconstitucionais) funciona como enquadramento fundamental de produção identitária destes grupos sociais, não se apresentando, contudo, como o único. Neste sentido, existem diferentes enquadramentos que dialogam com as historicidades dos grupos e que produzem uma dinâmica classificatória de natureza complexa. / The main purpose of this thesis is to study the anthropological and ethnographic work when applied to the context of technical anthropological reports. On discussing the complexity of fieldwork and ethnography on these situations, I seek to offer a broader view of the ways we interpret the technical reports, as well as the social anthropology field itself. This work has as background the innovations brought by the article 68 of the Federal Constitution - and its infraconstitutional derivations – in what concerns quilombolas territorial rights. It intends to problematize my participation – in the condition of expert anthropologist - in the production of technical reports of territorial acknowledgement of quilombolas communities in Brazil. I seek to highlight how the variability of the etnographic contexts presented defy any attempt of simple deductive operation using as reference the quilombola category. I start from the premise about the existence of a creative dialogue between empirical cases, official classificatory operations and the anthropological categories. Using as base the situations and “scenes” from my field work with quilombolas communities of the Rio Grande do Sul and Sergipe, I demonstrate the existence of layers of social recognition, of creativity of the collective memory, and of elements of territorialities, not always visible and apprehensible within the scope of the operation of the technical report. The legal apparatus that dictates the quilombolas’ question works as a fundamental framework of the identitary production of these social groups, not being present, however, as a sole feature. In this sense, there are different frameworks that dialogue with the historicities of the groups and that produce a classificatory dynamics of complex nature.

Creativity is increasingly becoming both an important issue in our rapidly changing society, and a popular subject of research. Research findings are beginning to conceptualize creativity as a much more complex process and studies are now focusing on the effects of social interaction and collaborative efforts on creativity as well as the potential impact of technology on collaboration and the creative process itself. This study looks at the influence of both collaboration and technology on the creative process to develop a clearer picture of the way in which they intersect. Due to the complexity of this study, two theoretical frameworks (Communities of Practice and Genex Framework) have been employed to inform the development of the study and to assist in contextualizing the results. To this end, this mixed-methods study collected data both from fashion design students enrolled in the third year of a Bachelor of Fashion Design program, and from their faculty. Data gathering methods included personal semi-structured interviews with both students (n = 13) and faculty (n = 9) and an online questionnaire with a larger group of students (n = 65). The research questions that framed this study focus on developing an initial understanding of the creative process as experienced by these students and then exploring in depth the ways that collaboration and working in community affect the creative process, as well as the impact of technology in supporting both creativity and collaboration. Results suggest that technology was indeed a valuable support in the creative process through its ability to facilitate particular kinds of collaborative practices, including brainstorming, developing and sharing ideas, and giving and receiving feedback. Such practices directly affected the creative process by enhancing the development of more professional sketches as well as facilitating the collaborative efforts of the members of the design community. Finally, the implications of these results for curriculum design and the appropriate choice of pedagogical approaches are discussed. The results presented will help to support curriculum designers and instructors who seek to encourage creative endeavour to focus on effective technological tools as well as strategies that promote collaboration and a sense of community in order to achieve these ends.

Creativity is increasingly becoming both an important issue in our rapidly changing society, and a popular subject of research. Research findings are beginning to conceptualize creativity as a much more complex process and studies are now focusing on the effects of social interaction and collaborative efforts on creativity as well as the potential impact of technology on collaboration and the creative process itself. This study looks at the influence of both collaboration and technology on the creative process to develop a clearer picture of the way in which they intersect. Due to the complexity of this study, two theoretical frameworks (Communities of Practice and Genex Framework) have been employed to inform the development of the study and to assist in contextualizing the results. To this end, this mixed-methods study collected data both from fashion design students enrolled in the third year of a Bachelor of Fashion Design program, and from their faculty. Data gathering methods included personal semi-structured interviews with both students (n = 13) and faculty (n = 9) and an online questionnaire with a larger group of students (n = 65). The research questions that framed this study focus on developing an initial understanding of the creative process as experienced by these students and then exploring in depth the ways that collaboration and working in community affect the creative process, as well as the impact of technology in supporting both creativity and collaboration. Results suggest that technology was indeed a valuable support in the creative process through its ability to facilitate particular kinds of collaborative practices, including brainstorming, developing and sharing ideas, and giving and receiving feedback. Such practices directly affected the creative process by enhancing the development of more professional sketches as well as facilitating the collaborative efforts of the members of the design community. Finally, the implications of these results for curriculum design and the appropriate choice of pedagogical approaches are discussed. The results presented will help to support curriculum designers and instructors who seek to encourage creative endeavour to focus on effective technological tools as well as strategies that promote collaboration and a sense of community in order to achieve these ends.

Psychological factors specific to overuse injury pain in physical activity contexts were explored within a social identity theoretical framework. Study 1 involved development of a method for designating overuse injury pain occurrence of hikers (N = 751), along with exploration of relationships between psychological measures, overuse injury pain occurrence, and effort levels. The findings of this cross-sectional, mixed-methods investigation revealed that social identification, social identity content, and mental toughness differentiated hikers who incurred overuse injury pain or selected a higher-effort behaviour from those who did not. From qualitative analysis, several social identity constructs (i.e., group member's presence, in-group status, social creativity, additional social identity content) emerged as contributors to overuse injury occurrence. The focus of Study 2 was a prospective examination of the aforementioned psychological factors in relation to overuse injury severity of hikers (N = 283). Additionally, the Test of Intentions to Reduce Effort (TIRE) was developed to identify individuals with susceptibility to higher overuse injury severity. Results provided evidence of factorial, construct, and predictive validity of TIRE factor scores. TIRE factors and social identity content significantly predicted higher severity of hikers' overuse injury pain. Mental toughness scores moderated the relationship between social identification and overuse injury severity. Study 3 consisted of a qualitative examination of social identity mechanisms of overuse injury pain in a physical activity context, CrossFit®, involving the presence of group leaders, and in which group members view each other. Findings revealed mechanisms pertaining to social identity content, in-group status, and social threats. Overall, the findings support a new means for assessing overuse injury occurrence and susceptibility to higher overuse injury severity, whilst demonstrating the potential applicability of social identity theory to the study of overuse injury. Knowledge gained may ultimately aid development of interventions to reduce overuse injury occurrence and severity of physical activity participants.