Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-14T19:01:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdecir Soligo.pdf: 1529803 bytes, checksum: 99142212482ef4d5d654e810e5d2aa93 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-14T19:01:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdecir Soligo.pdf: 1529803 bytes, checksum: 99142212482ef4d5d654e810e5d2aa93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Nas últimas décadas, o Brasil tem passado por importantes transformações em seus aspectos sociais e econômicos. Isso não significa, entretanto, que questões como desigualdade social, desigualdade regional, qualidade da Educação, distribuição de renda, miséria, pobreza, entre outras, tenham sido superadas. Pelo contrário, constituem foco de preocupação de estudiosos e pesquisadores de diversas áreas do conhecimento. A diversidade social, cultural e a desigualdade econômica dos municípios brasileiros apontam para a necessidade de considerar o espaço do regional como fundamental para o aprofundamento dos conhecimentos da realidade. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre o IDEB e as características de contexto, mensuradas pelos indicadores Índice de Gini, Incidência de Pobreza, Renda familiar mensal per capita e Taxa de analfabetismo, para população com 15 anos ou mais de idade. A pesquisa foi realizada em bancos de dados do MEC/INEP e IBGE, a partir de levantamento de dados a respeito 327 municípios de pequeno porte da Região Sul do Brasil, que possuem IDEB para os anos de 2005, 2007 e 2009. Como resultado, foi possível perceber a existência de relação entre o valor médio do IDEB e os indicadores sociais. Os valores apontaram para maior consistência das relações entre variáveis por municípios do que por Estado ou Região Sul. A composição da população estatística apontou um problema metodológico da Prova Brasil. Esta não avalia todos os municípios de pequeno porte e, por isso, muitos não possuem IDEB para os ciclos de 2005, 2007 ou 2009, o que influencia a composição do Índice para os Estados e para a Região. Outro fato revelado pelas análises diz respeito à fragilidade das estatísticas generalistas, que desconsideram as diferenças entre os municípios, através de dados por Estados ou grandes regiões, homogeneizando características sociais, por intermédio de indicadores e índices. / In recent decades, Brazil has undergone important transformations in its social and economic aspects. This does not mean, however, that issues such as social inequality, regional inequality, quality of education, income distribution, poverty, poverty, among others, have been overcome. Rather, they are the focus of concern of scholars and researchers from different fields of knowledge. The social, cultural and economic inequality of Brazilian municipalities point to the need to consider the regional space as central to deepening our knowledge of reality. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between IDEB and features of context, measured by the Gini Index indicators, Incidence of Poverty, Income and per capita monthly family illiteracy rate for the population aged 15 years or older. The survey was conducted in databases MEC / INEP and IBGE, from survey data about 327 small towns in southern Brazil, which have IDEB for the years 2005, 2007 and 2009. As a result, it was revealed the existence of a relationship between the average IDEB and social indicators. The values pointed to greater consistency of relationships between variables for municipalities than for State or Region South The composition of population statistics pointed to a methodological problem Proof of Brazil. This does not assess all the small towns and therefore many do not have the cycles to IDEB 2005, 2007 or 2009, which influences the composition of the Index for the States and for the region. Another fact revealed by the analysis concerns the fragility of statistics generalist, which ignores the differences between the municipalities, using data for states or large regions, homogenising social characteristics, through indicators and indices.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:22:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Maria Geovania da Silva Araujo.pdf: 3166983 bytes, checksum: 5c938d48b4a499a3d1d78d580f64baa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-27 / This paper refers to the study of incipient industrialization process in Itaporanga municipality, located in Paraíba backwoods, and its implications on urban space and social indicators. From the theoretical point of view, the analysis is based on the idea of innovative entrepreneur and the management of the territory, and in development concepts that go beyond economic growth. The empirical evidence is based initially by sociospaces transformations that have taken place at the site in recent years. From that perspective, this dissertation analyzes the factors that contributed to the growth of the local textile industry, the direct and indirect impacts on the municipality and the sustainability of the sector on different scales. The municipality offers a beginner segment of the textile weaving, producing bags, towels, tablecloths, dusters, rugs, among other products, selling to all over the country, increasing the supply of jobs and causing significant impacts on urban sprawl and in socioeconomic indicators from 1996, when that process started. It was concluded that the evidence relating to the spatial growth, physical, social and economic are present in several segments as well as in the level of centrality exercised by municipality. The promotion of trade, new bank branches, installation of knowledge Industry Sesi, civil construction, increased access to goods and services and construction are factors that point to these transformations. / O presente trabalho refere-se ao estudo de processo incipiente de industrialização no município de Itaporanga, localizado no sertão Paraibano, e suas implicações no espaço urbano e nos indicadores sociais. Do ponto de vista teórico, a análise baseia-se na ideia de empresário inovador e na gestão de território, bem como em concepções de desenvolvimento que vão além do crescimento econômico. As evidências empíricas se fundamentam inicialmente pelas transformações socioespaciais ocorridas no local nos últimos anos. A partir dessa perspectiva, essa dissertação analisa os fatores que contribuíram para o crescimento da indústria têxtil local, os impactos, diretos e indiretos no município e a sustentabilidade do setor em diferentes escalas. O município apresenta um iniciante polo têxtil no segmento das tecelagens, produzindo sacos, panos de prato, toalhas, flanelas, tapetes, entre outros produtos, vendendo para todo o País, aumentando a oferta de empregos e provocando impactos significativos na expansão urbana e nos indicadores socioeconômicos a partir de 1996, quando do início desse processo. Concluiu-se que as evidências relativas ao crescimento espacial, físico, social e econômico estão presentes em diversos segmentos bem como no nível de centralidade exercido pelo município. A dinamização do comércio, novas agências bancárias, a instalação do Sesi Indústria do Conhecimento, a construção civil, o maior acesso a bens e serviços e a construção civil são fatores que apontam para essas transformações.

A disseminaÃÃo da aids representa processo dinÃmico, que incide sob grupos populacionais mais vulnerÃveis, envolvendo uma rede de determinantes biopsicossociais, comportamentais e ambientais. Teve-se como objetivo geral analisar a distribuiÃÃo espacial dos casos notificados de crianÃas com aids e de gestantes soropositivas ao HIV residentes no municÃpio de Recife e sua correlaÃÃo com indicadores sociais e de saÃde. Trata-se de estudo epidemiolÃgico, do tipo ecolÃgico, realizado com dados do Sistema de InformaÃÃo de Agravos de NotificaÃÃo, Sistema de InformaÃÃo sobre Nascidos Vivos e Sistema de InformaÃÃo sobre Mortalidade, de 2001 a 2011. Dados sociais por bairros foram captados do Censo DemogrÃfico de 2010. ConstruÃram-se indicadores epidemiolÃgicos, socioeconÃmicos e de saÃde para caracterizar os bairros e sua relaÃÃo com o adoecimento pelo HIV. Os endereÃos foram georreferenciados e compatibilizados com a base cartogrÃfica de Recife. CaracterÃsticas epidemiolÃgicas foram analisadas por meio da estatÃstica descritiva e para os dados das gestantes aplicou-se o teste qui-quadrado com resÃduos ajustados, usando o programa SPSS. Para identificaÃÃo do padrÃo espacial, os dados de Ãreas foram analisados pelo Ãndice de Moran Global e Local, e pelas tÃcnicas de mapeamento BoxMap, LISAMap e MoranMap gerados por meio do software Terraview v4.2.2 e dos mÃdulos espaciais do R v2.15.3. Empregou-se o coeficiente de correlaÃÃo de Pearson e modelos de regressÃo linear mÃltipla para testar associaÃÃes entre as variÃveis explicativas e as taxas de incidÃncia de crianÃas e gestantes infectadas. O nÃvel de significÃncia estabelecido foi de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram tendÃncia linear crescente da epidemia entre gestantes ao longo do recorte temporal investigado. Verificou-se associaÃÃo estatisticamente significante entre a realizaÃÃo do prÃ-natal com as variÃveis de escolaridade (p=0,037), tipo de parto (p<0,001), uso da profilaxia antirretroviral na gestaÃÃo (p=0,002), no parto (p<0,001) e no recÃm-nascido (p<0,001). NÃo fazer o prÃ-natal esteve associado com gestantes de menor escolaridade. Todos os casos de aids pediÃtrica foram adquiridos por transmissÃo vertical e 27,2% das crianÃas evoluÃram para Ãbito. Com a anÃlise espacial identificaram-se clusters de gestantes infectadas na regiÃo do centro e na parte distal do noroeste do municÃpio, assim como aglomerado de alta incidÃncia de crianÃas com aids situado tambÃm em bairros do centro. A anÃlise bivariada e multivariada apontou associaÃÃo das taxas de detecÃÃo de HIV em gestantes e de incidÃncia de aids em crianÃas com a maioria dos indicadores socioeconÃmicos e de saÃde estudados. PrecÃrias condiÃÃes de vida evidenciadas por regiÃes de baixa renda, elevado analfabetismo e infraestrutura inadequada foram preditores da transmissÃo vertical do HIV, convergindo para aumento dos casos entre populaÃÃes carentes. MÃtodos de geoprocessamento mostraram-se eficazes na identificaÃÃo de grupos vulnerÃveis e de Ãreas de alto risco para os quais devem ser direcionados cuidados e intervenÃÃes preventivas intersetoriais com vistas ao controle deste agravo. Conforme se conclui, a difusÃo geogrÃfica do HIV/aids entre crianÃas e gestantes do Recife nÃo ocorreu aleatoriamente, refletindo-se, por conseguinte, em Ãreas de dependÃncia espacial da transmissÃo vertical, e as desigualdades socioeconÃmicas e de acesso à saÃde influenciaram na maior suscetibilidade da disseminaÃÃo da doenÃa. / The spread of AIDS is a dynamic process, which focuses on the most vulnerable populations, involving a network of biopsychosocial, behavioral and environmental factors. This study aimed at analyzing the spatial distribution of reported cases of children with AIDS and positiveHIV pregnant women residing in the city of Recife and its correlation with social and health indicators. This is an epidemiological study, ecological-type , conducted with data from the Information System on Notifiable Diseases, Information System on Live Births and Mortality Information System from 2001-2011. Social data were collected from the neighborhoods by census 2010. Epidemiological, socioeconomic and healthindicators were constructed in order to characterize the neighborhoods and its relationship with the HIV disease. The addresses were geocoded and matched with the base map of Recife. Epidemiological characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and for the pregnant data was applied the chi-square test with adjusted residuals using the SPSS.To identify the spatial pattern, data were analyzed by the Moran Global and Local Index, and the mapping techniques BoxMap, LISAMap and MoranMap generated by the software Terraview v4.2.2 and space modules R v2.15.3. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression models were used to test associations between the explanatory variables and the incidence rates of children and pregnant women infected. The significance was set at 5%. The results showed increasing linear trend of the epidemics among pregnant women during the spatial period investigated. There was a statistically significant association between the prenatal accomplishment and variables of education (p = 0.037), type of birth (p < 0.001), use of antiretroviral prophylaxis during pregnancy (p = 0.002), at birth (p < 0.001) and in the newborn (p < 0.001). Not accomplishing the prenatal was associated withpregnant women of lower education. All cases of pediatric AIDS were acquired by vertical transmission and 27.2% of children had died.The spatial analysis identified cluster of infected pregnant women in the downtown area and the distal part of the northwestern city, as well as cluster of high incidence of children with AIDS also located in downtown neighborhoods. The bivariate and multivariate analysis showed association of detection rates of HIV in pregnant women and AIDS incidence in children with most socioeconomic and health indicators studied. Precarious living conditions evidenced by low-income areas, high illiteracy and inadequate infrastructure were predictors of vertical transmission of HIV converging to increased cases among underserved populations. Geoprocessing methods were effective in identifying vulnerable groups and high-risk areas for which should be directed preventive care and intersectoral interventions aiming at controlling such a condition. It is concluded that the geographical spread of HIV/AIDS among children and pregnant women in Recife did not occur randomly; reflecting therefore in areas of spatial dependence of the vertical transmission and socioeconomic inequalities and access to health influenced the increased susceptibility of the spread of disease.

nÃo hà / O mote de polÃticas pÃblicas no Brasil tem se pautado pela busca da superaÃÃo dos Ãndices de pobreza e pela melhoria das condiÃÃes de vida da populaÃÃo. Neste sentido, a verificaÃÃo da efetividade de tais polÃticas tÃm se focado na avaliaÃÃo de indicadores, tais como os de saÃde, educaÃÃo e renda, vistos individualmente ou de forma consolidada a partir do indicador de desenvolvimento humano. Este trabalho visa avaliar a situaÃÃo dos indicadores sociais, principalmente, de saÃde, como a esperanÃa de vida ao nascer, a mortalidade na infÃncia e infantil, bem como o Ãndice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) dos municÃpios do Estado do Cearà a partir das informaÃÃes dos Censos DemogrÃficos realizados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica (IBGE) nos anos de 1991, 2000 a 2010, extraÃdas do Atlas de Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil de 2013. A anÃlise descritiva dos dados indicou, a priori, que os municÃpios cearenses apresentaram uma melhora significativa em seus indicadores sociais, bem como uma reduÃÃo na disparidade. Em relaÃÃo aos modelos economÃtricos, de uma maneira geral, estimados por efeitos fixos, verificou-se que o principal determinante à a educaÃÃo, ou a falta dela, com Ãnfase no analfabetismo adulto. / The motto of public policies in Brazil has been guided by the search for overcoming poverty rates and improvement of living conditions of the population. In this sense, the verification of the effectiveness of such policies have focused on evaluating indicators such as health, education and income, individually or consolidated, as viewed from the human development indicator. This study aims to evaluate the situation of social indicators, mainly health and life expectancy at birth, infant mortality and the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM), using data from 184 municipalities in Ceara State, with information from demographic census, conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in the years of 1991, 2000 and 2010, extracted from the Atlas of Human Development in Brazil 2013. The descriptive analysis of the data, indicated, a priori, that the municipalities of Ceara showed a significant improvement in social indicators, as well as a reduction in the disparity. Regarding the econometric models, in general, estimated by fixed effects, it was found that the main determinant is education, or the lack of it, with emphasis on adult illiteracy.

A set of indicators has been developed by the author of this work to assess the social performance of Vattenfall’s products (electricity &amp; heat). This set of indicators has been adapted to the requirements of the International EPD® system. The aim has been to create a set of indicators that can be applied to all processes within the lifecycle. The indicators are supposed to make a best possible statement of the social performance of a companies’ product, including the most relevant issues and topics within the pillar of social science and social sustainability. The method used for the development of the indicators is the Delphi method. The Delphi process includes several rounds of reviewing. A group of experts usually carries out the reviewing. In this study five rounds of reviewing has been conducted with the help of nine experts. The first round has been an extensive literature review. The 390 indicators found in the literature have been classified according to the system and the instruction of S-LCA, which are described in the Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products. The fifth round of reviewing has been the last one and consensus on the list of indicators could be reached. The outcome of the development process has been a set of 30 indicators. Not all subcategories proposed in UNEP/SETAC’s Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products have been covered. The indicators have been distinguished into two categories: core and additional. Some important social issues could not be expressed in the form of an indicator. They have been added in the final outcome of the paper, the ‘socioprofile’, as additional information. The measurement and impact assessment of qualitative indicators have been a major challenge of this study. Data availability can be seen as another critical field of the study and the application of the indicators. Other studies that have been conducted focused on a lower amount of indicators. The study has shown the possibility to quantify and measure social impacts to a certain degree. The proposed indicators are aiming at a globally focused assessment of social sustainability. The inclusion of experts and the group discussions with those experts have shown the importance of these indicators. The next step in the development of social sustainability indicators is the implementation of these indicators in a practical application and the study of the outcome. To be applicable within the International EPD® system, the Product Category Rules also have to be updated to allow for a Sustainable Product Declaration.

Thesis (M. P. A.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2009. / "Fall 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-82).

published_or_final_version / Statistics / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Statistics / Master / Master of Social Sciences

A study was conducted at a Durban high school which has a mixture of socioeconomic classes and races. All grade 10 pupils present on the day of the study were asked to complete a questionnaire under examination-like conditions. The aim was to determine the prevalence of dagga smoking as well as the pupils' knowledge of the effects and health risks of dagga smoking and the prevalence of associated features such as alcohol use, cigarette smoking and sexual activity. Dagga smoking was found to occur commonly (22.9%) and to be mainly a white male group activity. There was a strong association with cigarette smoking and alcohol abuse and a general lack of knowledge concerning the adverse health effects of dagga smoking. Peer pressure and relief of stress were cited as the commonest reasons for dagga smoking. More information and life skills training is required for this group of students as well as further research into substance abuse related topics in general. / Thesis (M.Med.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1997.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1983. / Bibliography: leaves 628-705. / Microfiche. / lMaster negative: Microfiche MS33210. / viii, 705 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm