Some loss in memory is considered a part of normal aging; however, there is a considerable heterogeneity in cognitive aging among older adults. Studies show that living arrangements, social interaction, social relationships and size of social network are among the predictors of memory decline for older adults. Moreover, marriage has been associated with physiological health as well as psychological and social well-being. This study has examined the relationship between the marital status and memory performance in older adults. It was hypothesized that (1) being married will be positively related to memory of older adults; (2) participants with larger supportive social network will perform better on memory tests; and (3) that quality of married life will be positively related to memory for married older adults. Results from this study did not support the hypotheses when age was controlled suggesting no relationship between marital status and memory performance.

This research aims at analysing how the usage of Facebook differs on mobile phones and computers from the view of an end user. 10 people were consulted in semistructured interviews about their individual usage. Topics of the interviews included the amount of time they spend on Facebook on their mobile phones and how often, why they are using it on this device and when they rather use a computer. The results of the interviews indicate that people mostly use their mobile phone on their every-day journeys, esp. while they use public transport and they are bored waiting for or beeing on the means of transport. Often they just check the Newsfeed to see what their friends are doing. They mainly want to be informed about the activities of their friends, therefore, produce less content themselves on Facebook Mobile rather than on their computer. The questioned users do not have the feeling they need to log in on Facebook, instead they do it subconsciously all the time. The small screen and keypad on the mobile phone are still the main reasons why the usage of Facebook on the computer is more convenient. Nevertheless, because Facebook on the mobile phone is limited in its features it also offers a good overview. The non-available features on mobile devices are simply not missed and for this reason not even used on the Facebook computer version. However, if a function should be executed, which does not exist on the mobile phone the users are waiting until they can access a computer but possibly they forget about it by then and the importance of the accomplishment disappears.

With the continuous development of computer and network techniques as well as the extensive application of modern means of communications, computer plays an important role in the social life of modern society. It is always associated with a large number of files which are frequently used. Although new computer hardware products provided by various makers help people to solve the problem that have arisen in carrying files, people still face some difficulties in carrying storage devices. This project will partly realize the basic function of the net hard disk. The net hard disk is used to store the files of users on the internet, making it easy for users to carry files and share files with their friends. The uses are able to download, upload, copy, move and delete files and create a new file folder. They can also create, freeze, delete and alter their account. People can retrieve the file they want from the hard disk without anytime at any place.

personal branding, Facebook, Musician Stars, SNS (social network service), online

In order to study the different social networks and institutions that shape the access to work and working conditions for the undocumented Bolivian migrant workers in Sweden, I have a conducted a qualitative research. This research specifically looks into how the Bolivian social networks in Stockholm are organized in terms of the access to labor market for undocumented immigrants from Bolivia. Another research dimension will be to explore the social relationships within these social networks and their internal hierarchy. The eight conducted interviews of undocumented, and previously undocumented, Bolivian migrant workers have determined the perception of the undocumented migrants’ life and working conditions. Through their testimonies I have grasped the information of what kind of social networks operate among the undocumented Bolivian labor migrants in Stockholm. With four interviews directed to four labor union representatives there has also been unraveled what the relationship are between the Bolivian social networks and the formal Swedish labor unions, and reversely. Actor network theory has been used as a perspective and a tool to examine the undocumented migrants’ perceptions of the main actors within these networks. The role of the social networks has, in terms of access to the labor market, a big influence on the undocumented Bolivian migrants and how they perceive and approach the Swedish labor unions.

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Mass collaboration has been made possible through social networking tools likewikis. With features that support the principles wikinomics, wikis are enabling largenumber of people to participate in the production process without necessarily beingat the same physical location. Organizations and IT managers are beginning to har-ness this new technology in a way that will create business value for their companies,helping them to produce goods and services that are valuable for their customers.This research sets out to explore the business values of using wikis in enterprises, andhow the CIOs and other IT managers who are responsible for handling the IT/IS re-sources of their firms leverage wikis to create business value. This was accomplishedby examining collaborations on wikis from two different perspectives: Firstly, fromthe CIO or IT manager’s perspective where we gathered their own views about thebusiness values of wikis and also assess their own impact on creating those businessvalues. Secondly, we examined the business values of wikis from the user’s perspec-tive by gathering the views of different wiki users.The main contribution of this research is to identify if any, the business values thatare obtained from using wikis in enterprises and to ascertain the impact of the CIOon the business values that are being created. / The report we did is research report which aims to investigate the impact of CIO and enterprise wikis for companies. / Master Thesis in Informatics

Facebook har blivit ett av de mest populära redskapen för socialt nätverkande och kommunikation. År 2010 hade Facebook över 500 miljoner anhängare. Syftet med studien var att undersöka användandet av Facebook i privatlivet men även i relation till arbetslivet. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes via tillgänglighetsurval, det var naturligt i denna studie att finna respondenterna via Facebook. Intervjuerna var halvstrukturerade. Intervjuguiden var uppdelad utifrån olika ämnesområden: användandet av Facebook, Integritet, Sociala faktorer och Arbetsplatsen. Medverkande var 13 personer, varav fyra män som använde Facebook i arbetslivet. Resultatet visade att Facebook var ett populärt kommunikativt verktyg för att hålla kontakten med vänner, familj och kollegor och ett sätt att ta pauser i arbetet. Resultatet påvisade även oro kring hur respondenterna upplevde att de uppfattades av kollegor och chefer. Studien bidrar till ökad kunskap om hur Facebook påverkar anställda. Studien var ett bekvämlig-hetsurval.

<p>This dissertation considers the relationship between peer and individual student interaction. The central finding is that self reported friends play a crucial role in individual behaviors, a role that is more significant than other students in their school. Also, using the network of friendships within a school it is possible to construct new peer effect measures and account for endogenous peer group formation. It is however important to distinguish these peer measures from unobserved individual characteristics that may also influence behavior.</p><p>The first chapter examines the effect of potentially misidentifying the reference group on peer effect estimates. The differential impact of school, grade and friend level peer effects on student decisions to smoke and drink are calculated. Friendship nominations come from the Add Health dataset, where students can list up to 10 friends from the school. The bias due to endogenous peer group formation and simulteneity are considered using various instrumenting strategies. Peer effects are found to be large and significant at the friends level for both delinquency variables. It is possible to show that misidentifying the peer group can result in peer effect estimates that are understated by as much as 40\%.</p><p>The second chapter of the dissertation further examines the role of peer interactions, this time considering the effect of popularity on student academic achievement. Recent work has found a strong positive relationship between these variables. In this chapter I ascertain the robustness of these previous findings to controls for unobserved student heterogeneity using and instrumenting technique and a structural model. The results indicate that popularity influences academic achievement positively in the baseline model. However, instrumenting for popularity or including measures of unobserved student characteristics results in a large drop in the effect of popularity, and leads to a significantly negative coefficient in the majority of cases. Interestingly, popularity influences future earnings and attitudes positively, where this effect is robust to the inclusion of unobserved type. Policy simulations where students are redistributed based on race or income indicate that the predicted number of friendships and popularity fall but academic achievement increases. Since student popularity increases happiness and earnings, the overall effect of the redistribution policies have to be considered before implementation.</p> / Dissertation

The technology is changing fast in current business environment, today¡¦s success maybe will be gone by tomorrow. Therefore, the organization needs to keep learning and innovating to survive. To become a willing sharing and creation organization, the firm needs to gather all the knowledge in department, group and each employee. The key success of knowledge sharning is the employee¡¦s willingness of sharning knowledge. The knowledge is created through people¡¦s interation and the knowledge sharing is built on people¡¦s relation. The purpose of this rearch is to explor the employee¡¦s knowledge sharing willingness through social network approach. In the other hand, the psychological ownership could bring positive work attitude. Therefore the moderating effect of psychological ownership to social network and knowledge sharing willingness will be discussed as well. The target groups of this study are production or technology related departments of high technology companies. The samples are engineers, deputy engineers and supervisors. The total valid samples are 7 companies, 13 departments and 159 employees. Research method includes social network analysis software Ucinet and Hierarchical Regression Analysis. The result shows psychological ownership could raise the engineers¡¦ knowledge sharing willingness and moderate the relationship between in-degree centrality of advice network and knowledge sharing willingness. The findings are as follows: 1. Network degree centrality of internal advice network does not affect knowledge sharing willingness. 2. Psychological ownership positively and significantly affected knowledge sharing willingness. 3. Psychological ownership as the moderator positively and significantly affected the network degree centrality of internal advice network and knowledge sharing willingness partially.