No / Men appear to be missing from much gender and development policy, but many emerging critiques suggest the need to pay more attention to understanding men and masculinities, and to analyzing the social relationships between men and women. This book considers the case for a focus on men in gender and development, which requires us to reconsider some of the theories and concepts which underlie policies. It includes arguments based on equality and social justice, the specific gendered vulnerabilities of men, the emergence of a crisis of masculinity and the need to include men in development as partners for strategic change.

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<p> Accurate face recognition plays a critical role in developing and maintaining social relationships. Typically developing adults show expertise when processing faces, demonstrated by their ability to recognize new faces even after a single exposure. Furthermore, face recognition is superior for highly familiar faces associated with rich semantic information. Although semantic processes mediate familiar face recognition, it is unclear what processes mediate unfamiliar face recognition. The main objective of my thesis was to identify unique neural mechanisms underlying familiar versus unfamiliar face recognition and to detail how these mechanisms change as a result of learning. I used event-related potentials (ERPs) to assess the stages of face processing affected by familiarity.</p> <p> In Chapter 1, I reviewed the literature contrasting familiar and unfamiliar face recognition processes from cognitive and neural perspectives.</p> <p> In Chapter 2, I identified processes involved in unfamiliar face recognition by recording ERPs to repeated presentations of unfamiliar faces in upright and inverted orientations. Inverted faces portray the same structural information as upright faces but with novel orientation that disrupts identity processing. Repeated exposure to an upright face (and not an inverted face) produced repetition priming at an early perceptual stage reflected by the N170 component, suggesting that unfamiliar face recognition is mediated by early perceptual representation.</p> <p> In Chapter 3, I directly tested whether semantic information modifies early perceptual face processing. I recorded ERPs to new faces that were learned over a five-day session with either person-specific or irrelevant information. N170 repetition priming was observed for all faces except those learned with person-specific information, suggesting that relevant semantic information, and not merely perceptual experience, changes early perceptual face processing.</p> <p> In Chapter 4, I assessed the relationship between N170 and N400 recognition processes. Specifically, I examined whether top-down semantic processes reflected by the N400 modulate early identity processes reflected by the N170. I constructed composite faces by combining facial features from different famous individuals; the facial features conveyed incongruous identity information so that when the face was processed as a whole it was perceived to be novel. Both familiar faces and composite faces failed to elicit N170 repetition priming but did elicit a similar N400 response, suggesting that familiar face recognition can be achieved with very little facial information. Moreover, these results suggest that the retrieval of semantically relevant information during familiar face recognition occurs even in the presence of incongruous perceptual information and that such processing modulates early perceptual processes.</p> <p> Together, these results demonstrate the interplay between memory and perception (which I summarize and discuss in Chapter 5), revealing different mechanisms of face recognition as a function of person-specific information. Unfamiliar face recognition takes place at the perceptual stage reflected by the N170 and is revealed through repetition priming. As an unfamiliar face becomes well known, its recognition processes shift to a later semantic stage reflected by the N400 and such semantic processes seem to modulate early perceptual processes. This knowledge has advanced our understanding of face processing at cognitive and neural levels.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Men appear to be missing from much gender and development policy, but many emerging critiques suggest the need to pay more attention to understanding men and masculinities, and to analysing the social relationships between men and women. This book considers the case for a focus on men in gender and development, which requires us to reconsider some of the theories and concepts which underlie policies. It includes arguments based on equality and social justice, the specific gendered vulnerabilities of men, the emergence of a crisis of masculinity and the need to include men in development as partners for strategic change.

Tidigare studier visar att arbetslöshet har negativ påverkan på individens hälsa och välbefinnande och att en minskning av ekonomin är en av de starkaste orsakerna som kan leda till isolering, stress och frustration. Syftet med denna studie var att få en djupare förståelse om hur individens upplever arbetslöshet och hur detta påverkar deras hälsa och välbefinnande. Undersökningen utgick utifrån en kvalitativ studie där respondenterna var 11 individer både män och kvinnor mellan 25-55 år, och arbetslöshetsperioden varierade mellan 1 till 9 månader. Respondenterna intervjuades ca 20 minuter med semistrukturerade frågor. Den fyra temana som var centrala i denna undersökning var: negativ påverkan på familj och hem, känsla av utanförskap, känsla av maktlöshet och psykisk ohälsa. Resultaten visade att respondenterna lever i en konstant osäkerhet på grund av minskning av ekonomi, känslan av hopplöshet dyker upp bland sysslolösa och att familjemedlemmar drabbas. De olika undertemana gav bättre förståelse kring respondenternas vardagssituationer.

The purpose of this thesis is to study Denis Diderot's two masterpieces, Le Neveu de Rameau and Jacques le Fataliste, from the point of view of human relations. The thesis seeks to show what Diderot feels are the bases for conduct between members of a given social class, as seen in examples from Le Neveu de Rameau and Jacques le Fataliste.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between two of the most important indices of adjustment: self-concept and sociometric status.

Women outnumber men in assisted living (AL). This gender imbalance promotes the feminization of AL settings and affects men’s social experiences, particularly their co-resident relationships. AL research connects peer relationships to resident well-being and suggests gender that influences co-resident interactions. Yet, few studies have specifically examined men’s social experiences in AL. This analysis aimed to: (1) learn how men experience co-resident relationships in AL; and (2) identify the factors shaping these peer relationships. The analysis utilized qualitative data collected from two AL settings. Data collection involved participant observation and informal and formal in-depth interviews. Analysis was informed by principles of Grounded Theory Method and shows high variability in men’s co-resident connections. A range of individual- and facility-level factors promoted or constrained relationship development. Gender remains pivotal in structuring men’s social engagements. Individual- and facility-level factors often intersected with gender and influenced men’s social lives. Ultimately, co-resident relationships are consequential for men in AL.

Arbetet spelar en central roll i livet för de flesta människor och vi spenderar större delen av vår vakna tid på arbetet. I denna uppsats definieras yrkesstolthet som en självupplevd känsla som gör att individen känner sig viktig och engagerad i sitt yrkesliv och i en organisation. För att förstå individens känsla av yrkesstolthet behöver ett par aspekter tas i beaktning. Undersökningsledarna har genomfört en kvantitativ studie med 122 deltagare, varav 79 kvinnor. Enkäten innehöll 25 påståenden angående yrkesstolthet, individens arbetsplatstrivsel och sociala relationer med en skala från ett till fem. Resultatet visade att de deltagande svarade generellt fyra på enkätfrågorna och därför antas trivas på arbetsplatsen. De effekter som visade sig vara starkast var sambanden mellan individens arbetsplatstrivsel, sociala relationer och yrkesstolthet. Att ingå i ett socialt sammanhang påverkar trivseln på arbetet och yrkesstoltheten. Andra faktorer som visade sig ha betydelse för yrkesstolthet var kön, ålder och utbildningsnivå.

Aphasia impairs using and understanding language, and thus impacts on communication, identity and relationships. However, little research has investigated how people with aphasia understand friends and friendship. This Participatory Action Research (PAR) study explored how younger adults with aphasia experience friendship. Participants were 28 people with aphasia, some of whom were members of the Research Group. Data from 12 initial interviews in Phase 1 of the study led to a model of friendship and aphasia. This underpinned development of peer-led Friendship Events in Phase 2 of the study, after which 16 additional participants with aphasia were interviewed, contributing to elaboration of the model. Within the context of living with aphasia, which was central for all participants, eight inter-connected themes emerged. Friends could be anchors in a time of change and trusted stabilising influences while reconfiguring identity. Participants described the hard work of friendship, the place of communication in supporting friendship, and the challenge of equality within post-aphasia friendships. Time, humour and two-way flexibility were crucial in developing new kinds of friendship. Participants categorised a wide variety of relationships as friendship. These findings elucidate understandings of friendship loss and change as well as strategies to maintain friendship post-onset of aphasia. The study sheds new light on social connectedness and social support provided by friends, family and peers with aphasia. It emphasises the role of friendship in reconfiguring identity, and offers practical recommendations for harnessing the benefits of friends and friendship in life with aphasia. PAR methodology facilitated creation of accessible tools to support conversations and awareness-raising about friendship. The study highlights the strengths of relational methods for researching friendship and the transformative potential of doing PAR with marginalised groups such as people with aphasia.