D.Litt. et Phil. / Health and social issues have a reciprocal relation and this is evident in the South African context. Poverty that includes poor living conditions, unemployment and the consequent low income results in disease and malnutrition. A vicious circle exists between poverty and disease. The HIV/Aids pandemic results in people being in need of care, not being able to work nor provide for their next of kin, children being orphaned and taking over the parental role, without emotional and material means. Chronic diseases, for example tuberculosis, hypertension, diabetes and chronic psychiatric disease assume enormous proportions and influence the person-and-environment interaction, which is the social work focus. Health and social issues can therefore not be seen as separate entities. Social workers should then form an integral part of health care services. The social work service rendering in the Health Sector should be effective, efficient and appropriate. Effective, efficient and appropriate health care social work services will encompass people-centred, developmental, preventative, promotative primary health care approaches with emphasis on participation, partnership and self-determination. An effective and appropriate service will rely on home-based and community-based strategies. Health care social work is however fragmented and social workers in the Health Sector practice within different governmental and non-governmental organizations. Health care social work in the Gauteng Health Department where the researcher did the research, is largely curative, rehabilitative, hospital-based, individual-based and relies on institutional care. It is therefore ineffective, inefficient and inappropriate. A shift towards an effective, efficient and appropriate health care social work service is essential especially when the reciprocal relationship between health and social issues in South Africa are taken into account. The researcher decided therefore to develop a community-based model for health care social work with emphasis on a people-centred and developmental approach emphasizing participation, partnership and self- determination of the people. This model will be utilized on a primary health care level within a community health centre and community context where the health care social worker will form part of a multi-disciplinary health care team. The main goal of this study is the development of a community-based model for health care social work. The objectives to attain the main goal of describing a community-based model for health care social workers were: ♦ To explore and describe the thoughts and experiences regarding the perceived needs with reference to the general health of the following patients: Patients who attend provincial community health centres to address their health needs; Patients who are representative of the diversity of all South African citizens and therefore include White, Black, Coloured and Indian population groups; Patients who qualify in terms of their income to utilize Governmental health services and who do not belong to medical schemes; Patients from formal, well organized and structured communities with different community resources, as well as patients from informal settlements without structured community services; Patients of different age and gender groups; and Patients with acute and chronic, including life threatening medical conditions. ♦ To describe the needs of patients after interviews were conducted and data had been analyzed; ♦ To explore and describe the needs that health care social workers can address and the intervention strategies that they can utilize in doing so; ♦ To explore and describe the priority needs that a health care social worker could address and the intervention strategies they could utilize in doing it, in the opinion of the following multi-disciplinary health care team members: Medical doctors; Nursing staff; Allied health professionals (physiotherapists or their assistants, occupational therapists or their assistants, speech therapists, dieticians, pharmacists and community based rehabilitation workers); ♦ To describe specific needs and services which health care social work exclusively or most effectively can address according to ranking on a scale; ♦ To develop a community-based model for health care social work according to the needs that a health care social worker can address and which will result in an effective and appropriate health care social work service; ♦ To evaluate the tentative model; and ♦ To revise the intervention and describe guidelines to operationalize the model. The research design utilized to attain these objectives was based on a research model that the researcher developed. The researcher developed the research model by utilizing The Intervention Design and Development model (Rothman & Thomas, 1994) qualitative research for interviews with patients, observations and field notes, data analysis and literature control. Quantitative research designs were included in the model and consisted of the Delphi technique and Lickert scale. Levels of theory generation were also included in the model and the researcher developed level of theory generation for the research based on the levels of theory generation of Dickoff et al. (1968) and Chinn and Kramer (1995). The research model that the researcher developed for developing a community-based model for health care social work encompasses certain phases and research activities, as well as theory generation and reasoning strategies. The reasoning strategies included analysis induction, synthesis, derivation and deduction. The first phase of the research was the problem analysis and project-planning phase of the research. The researcher carried into effect the following research activities. The researcher determined the feasibility of the research project; gained entry to and cooperation from setting and identified and involved role-players in the research. The identification and involvement of the role-players encompassed the sampling and the pilot study. The second phase of the research was the information gathering, analysis and synthesis phase of the research. This phase included research activities, as well as levels of theory generation. The research activities that were followed during this phase started with the conducting of semi-structured interviews with twenty-two patients and observations and the keeping of field notes. Ethical issues were addressed during this phase and formed part of the interviewing and observation process. Data analysis of interviews, with an independent coder, and literature control to affirm the findings of data analysis followed as part of the research activities. The researcher then utilized the Delphi technique with nine experts in health care social work. The aim of this was to establish the patient’s needs, established during data analysis, that a health care social worker could address and the intervention strategies that they could utilize. These needs and intervention strategies were established by questionnaires and a group session was held to reach consensus of data. The above-mentioned data established from health care social work experts were then compiled into a Lickert scale for twenty-five multi-disciplinary health care team members. The aim of the scale was to establish the needs that health care social work could address exclusively of most effectively, as well as the intervention strategies that they could utilize in the opinion of the multi-disciplinary health care team members. A final literature control completes the research activities of the information gathering, analysis and synthesis phase in order to establish if literature exist that verifying the results of the data obtained and if these could assist in the development of a communitybased model for health care social work. The levels of theory generation followed in the information gathering, analysis and synthesis phase of the research consist of the following: The first level of theory generation consisted of factor isolating theory. The researcher utilized concept analysis. Concepts were firstly identified and the researcher identified the concept health. The concept health is a central concept in all the policy documents and theory that were utilized in the problem analysis of the research. The concept health was also central in the data analysis and literature control of the interviews with patients. The concept health was then defined and refined by utilizing dictionaries and thesauruses, as well as utilizing sources of evidence namely, a model and contrary case, evidence of people and professional literature. The researcher then classified the concept health and the related concepts. The second level of theory generation, factor relating and structuring followed during the information gathering, analysis and synthesis phase of the research. The researcher related factors and associated them through statements that indicate interrelationships. The third level of theory generation consisted of the situation relating level followed by predicting relationships between concepts utilizing if-then statements. The third phase of the research was the design and early development phase. The researcher utilized the fourth level of theory generation that consisted of the situation producing level of theory generation to conduct the research activity of the creating and describing of the theoretical model for community-based health care social work. The last phase of the research consisted of the theory testing and evaluation phase of the research. The research activities that were followed encompass the planning of evaluation, selection of evaluation methods and then the evaluation process. The evaluation process was done with a panel of nine experts utilizing a specific questionnaire in the form of a Lickert scale. The panel consisted of academic staff from the Universities of the Witwatersrand, Pretoria and Randse Afrikaanse University from social work and nursing as well as multi-disciplinary health care team members from community health centres and social workers from different practice settings. The second part of the evaluation process was done during doctoral seminars where peer evaluation was done by health care social workers, medical doctors, nursing staff and allied health workers from different levels of service rendering including the Gauteng Health Department’ Head Office, community-based centres and different levels of hospitals. Participants from private hospitals also attended the doctoral seminars. The researcher then utilized the evaluation results to identify design problems and to revise the community-based model for health care social work. The final level of theory generation was then done in the theory testing and evaluation phase of the research to operationalize the model by describing guidelines for operationalization. The methods of trustworthiness that were followed during the research included the four criteria of Lincoln and Guba (1985) of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. The researcher finalized the research by indicating the conclusions from the research, specifying the limitations of the research and providing recommendations for social work practice, education and research. The research document might be marked by repetition of content, but this was necessary because chapter six, the model, as well as chapter eight, the guidelines for operationalizing the model, form the basis for health care social work practice at community health centres. These chapters could then be extracted from the research document as a tool for implementation. / Prof. J.B.S. Nel Prof. A. Nolte

M.A. (Social Work) / In terms of recent changes in Government policy, the posts of social workers are currently being subsidised on the basis of the effectiveness of the service programmes conducted by welfare organisations. Consequently, programme evaluation has lately become the subject of increasing attention. An increased sense of responsibility and an awareness of a need for greater efficiency and cost effectiveness is emerging. This suggests a need for a scientifically based evaluation process i.e. programme evaluation with a view to improving existing programmes or developing new programmes. However uncertainty prevails in welfare organisations with regard to the nature and content of programmes and consequently where and when programme evaluation should be applied. In order to verify this impression, questionnaires were mailed to welfare organisations in Johannesburg who are members of the Family care Liason Committee. A sampling group of five directors, seven supervisors and ten social workers, based on nonprobability quota sampling, were identified. A response of three directors, four supervisors and seven social workers were received and after the results were analysed a verification of the impression, that uncertainty prevails in welfare organisations with regard to programme evaluation, could be noted. Programme evaluation would therefore be less likely utilised in social work as a method and model in rendering services unless the uncertainty is minimised and an atmosphere is created in which social workers will want to apply programme evaluation.

Service is a powerful tool for the development of youth. It transforms the young person from a passive recipient to an active provider. When combined with formal education, service becomes a method of learning known as "Service Learning." Service learning enables teachers to employ a variety of effective teaching strategies that emphasize student-centered, interactive, experiential education.

The overall focus of this study is the wellbeing of African descent bisexual women (ABW), within three interrelated main areas of inquiry: social support, health care, and resources for resilience. Due to the history of the dispersal of African people, compounded by marginalization of African descent bisexual women, this united cross-national research strategy was intended to transcend historical divides and bring more attention to these women's concerns. The cross-national design was also intended to highlight similarities and contrast differences in countries with different health care systems, toward increasing understandings of the women's experiences. The qualitative research method of grounded analysis guided this study. The researcher completed individual face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews with six self-identified ABW in the US in 2013, and with eight women in the UK in 2014. The researcher's original intention was to implement a study inclusive of women living with HIV (WLWHA). However, without WLWHA participants, information on their life experiences was not able to be gathered during this study. The researcher gathered and analyzed information about ABW life experiences related to resources and quality of social support and health care when bisexual identity is and is not disclosed. The women were also asked about resources that sustain them and support resiliency. Eleven subthemes emerged from the data, related to four main themes. The participants spoke of their intersectional identities, and needs for affirming social support and culturally competent health care. The participants made recommendations toward creating more inclusive and supportive environments for delivery of health and social care. The women's needs include: Access to quality physical and mental health care; Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) inclusive nondiscrimination policies posted in agency settings; more LGBTQI-identified providers; universal HIV and STD screening; information about healthy relationships, especially on how to communicate assertively about sexual health with a female partner; and inclusive social services that acknowledge the families of sexual minority women. Participants also shared about activities of resilience, including their writing and activism for socioeconomic justice. The findings are intended to increase diversity awareness and sensitivity among health and social care providers. / A Dissertation submitted to the College of Social Work in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Spring Semester 2015. / April 20, 2015. / African, bisexual, Black, queer, woman, women / Includes bibliographical references. / Neil Abell, Professor Directing Dissertation; Koji Ueno, University Representative; Jean Munn, Committee Member; James Whyte, IV, Committee Member.

Orientador: Maria Cristina Piana / Banca: Lucia Aparecida Parreira / Banca: Andréia Aparecida Reis de Carvalho Liporoni / Resumo: A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o trabalho interdisciplinar com as crianças e adolescentes do CRAS Antonio Thomaz Donato de Taquaritinga/SP. O estudo baseou-se no método do materialismo histórico dialético, com as categorias do método: totalidade, historicidade e mediação. Mediante pesquisa bibliográfica foi possível fundamentar o conhecimento teórico e embasar a análise dos dados e a pesquisa de campo com vistas a aproximar a pesquisadora do objeto de estudo. A política de assistência social, por meio de seus profissionais/executores, tem o compromisso com a infância e a adolescência no que diz respeito à busca das plenas condições de vida a essa população. A equipe profissional, em parceria com a família e lançando mão das políticas básicas (saúde e educação), atenderá aos princípios da prioridade absoluta e da proteção integral.O primeiro capítulo apresentou a metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, detalhando o cenário e o universo da pesquisa, os instrumentais utilizados, o perfil dos participantes e o método. O segundo capítulo abordou a história da infância e adolescência no Brasil, com vistas à formação do Estado, e as políticas de assistência social, perpassando pelo Serviço de Proteção Social Básica do SUAS com crianças e adolescentes, bem como o trabalho social com as famílias. O terceiro capítulo buscou analisar o trabalho interdisciplinar dos profissionais do CRAS Antonio Thomaz Donato de Taquaritinga/SP por meio dos dados apreen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present research sought to analyze the interdisciplinary work with the children and adolescents of CRAS Antônio Thomaz Donato of Taquaritinga/SP. The study was based on the method of dialectical historical materialism, with a qualitative approach, through bibliographical research to support theoretical knowledge and to base the data analysis, and field research with a view to bringing the researcher closer to the object of study. The first chapter presented the methodology used for the development of the research, detailing the scenario and universe of the research, used instruments, profile of the participants and the method. The second chapter addressed the history of childhood and adolescence in Brazil, with a view to the formation of the State and social assistance policies, through the Basic Social Protection Service of SUAS with children and adolescents, and social work with families. The third chapter sought to analyze the interdisciplinary work of the professionals of the CRAS Antônio Thomaz Donato of Taquaritinga/SP through the data collected in the interviews with the professionals of CRAS and the clerks. The results show that the professionals involved in the actions developed with children and adolescents do not work interdisciplinarily as provided by the Service of Protection and Integral Assistance to the Family ‒ PAIF. This work is not being carried out, it does not reach the objectives in the protective, proactive and preventive scope of Basic Social Prote... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This dissertation consists of three papers studying the relationship between paid leave policies and work and informal care outcomes among older workers. Paper one investigates whether different types of paid leave provided by employers are associated with the supply of elder care. Paper two examines the role of paid leave in determining labor market outcomes for older workers with a family member who experiences a health decline. Paper three analyzes the case in South Korea -- how leave policies influence labor market outcomes for older workers with a spouse who experiences a health decline.

Bibliography: leaves 265-271. / The study was designed to investigate the structure and function of informal day care provision for pre-school children in Khayelitsha, but the inquiry succeeded in generating information beyond the original assignment. Data was gathered from interviews with active in the day care field and from local agencies meetings with residents in Khayelitsha, as well as from a field study carried out in Khayelitsha. A review of international and local literature was also undertaken. A brief history of black settlement in the Western Cape and an examination of their socio-cultural environment provided the necessary backdrop for the study. The field study involved systematic selection of 200 houses in Khayelitsha. Respondents completed a questionnaire administered by the investigator. The questionnaire furnished information on the use of day care and produced a profile of day carers and the services they offered. A similar questionnaire was used to collect information from the pre-school centre. Analysis of the data revealed that child rearing practices differed from those of technologically advanced societies, but they were not deficient! The findings demonstrated that parents preferred day care in the home setting to that of the school setting. The pattern of day care services accentuates the importance of mutual aid and kinship and social networks in the community. Day care arrangements tended to be stable and were provided predominantly by relatives, friends and neighbours. The frequency with which day care services were required, corresponded to the work commitments of the parents, and usually involved overnight care. The pre-school centre operated during the weekdays from 7.30 am to 4.30 pm, with after-school care frequently undertaken by older siblings. The findings reveal that day carers function as surrogate mothers and incorporate the children into their families. The data collected with regard to suitability of the service offered, relates to physical needs, emotional needs, discipline and promoting readiness for the future, and emphasizes the universal poverty that abounds in the area, but simultaneously highlights the importance of traditions and the resourcefulness of the people in transcending the culture of poverty and providing an enriching environment for the children. The recommendations draw attention to the need for finance, training and supportive services, but recognises the justified resistance of the community to initiatives from the State.

Orientador: Maria José de Oliveira Lima / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como tema central Trabalho e Serviço Social. O estudo se orienta a partir da análise da apreensão da categoria Trabalho pelos egressos do curso de Serviço Social na Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM). Tem como objetivo geral compreender e analisar a materialização da categoria teórica Trabalho no processo de formação dos egressos do curso de Serviço Social da UFTM a partir do exercício profissional dos mesmos. A pesquisa partiu do pressuposto de que há a compreensão por parte dos egressos da relevância e centralidade da categoria teórica trabalho no processo de formação e, que reflete diretamente no exercício profissional. O recorte temporal para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa deu-se a partir das Diretrizes Curriculares de 1996 proposta pela Associação Brasileira de Ensino e Pesquisa em Serviço Social (ABEPSS). Constitui-se como universo da pesquisa todos os egressos do Curso de Serviço Social da UFTM, considerando que desde a criação do curso (2009) até o momento do ingresso da pesquisadora no curso de Pós-Graduação (2017/2) formaram-se nove turmas. A investigação foi realizada por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, documental e de campo. A pesquisa documental realizou-se pelas consultas ao Projeto Político Pedagógico do Curso de Serviço Social da UFTM. O processo de apreensão de dados deu-se por meio da realização da aplicação de roteiro de perguntas e entrevistas aplicados aos sujeitos selecionados nessa investigação. Fundamenta-se este est... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

This dissertation includes three papers. Using two nationally representative datasets – Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K: 1998) and 2010-11 (ECLS-K: 2010) – the first paper examines changes in disparities in school readiness by parental education from 1998 to 2010 in the United States. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis is used for investigating if financial resources, in- and out-of-home environment and activities, parenting, and child care contributed to these disparities differently in 2010 compared to 1998. The second paper follows the achievement trajectories of these two cohorts of kindergarteners and studies how school readiness disparities by parental education changed in 2010 compared to 1998 when children progressed through third grade. Using hierarchical linear modeling with piecewise spline function, it also estimates the roles of family and school factors at kindergarten in predicting school achievement growth rates for these two cohorts and compares to examine if there is any change in these roles. Since the content and data collection procedures of the two ECLS-K cohort datasets are very similar, the second paper pools these two datasets and uses interaction terms to examine the changes, providing more precise estimation. The third paper pools the China Family Panel Study (CFPS) 2010 and 2014 and investigates disparities in vocabulary and math by parental education and the roles of parenting and home environment in explaining and accounting for these disparities in China. Besides the whole sample, analysis is also conducted for the subsamples of children in rural, urban, and migrant settings due to different economic and cultural factors in these settings.

This paper focuses on policies and regulations on open economies to achieve financial stability and social welfare. In the first chapter, I develop a dynamic model to study optimal liquidity regulations for multiple assets with differing levels of liquidity. I show that optimal macroprudential policies are affected by both asset liquidity and the multi-asset structure. Lower asset liquidity amplifies drops in asset prices and tightens the collateral constraint during financial crises, thus raising macroprudential taxes to discourage holding. With multiple assets, the marginal benefit of investing in one asset is affected by the future cross-price elasticities of all assets. Quantitatively, optimal macroprudential policies increases welfare by introducing a portfolio with more liquid assets and less borrowing. However, the Basel III reform deteriorates welfare, as agents overaccumulate liquid assets. In the next chapter, I focuses on the welfare analysis of currency depreciation through endogenous R&D where the economy faces a trade-off between the gain from export and disinvestment of technology. I show that real depreciation decreases welfare when productivity is endogenous, as the long-term bust due to sluggish productivity dominates the short-term boom in consumption and output. In the final chapter, I study the optimal monetary policy in this framework. The optimal policy is a targeting rule of inflation, output gap, and the terms of trade, considering the trade-off between the international purchasing power and the cost of importing R&D. The variation of the optimal monetary policy is larger than the standard Taylor rule and the optimal monetary policy under exogenous productivity.