Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Zürich. / Notes bibliogr.

Etudier les identités spécifiques : professionnelle, intime, conjugale, militante et citoyenne des migrants Kabyles actuels en France et au Québec nous a mené à questionner les modes de leurs constructions identitaires à partir d’une comparaison de trois formes de socialisation secondaire : conjugale, professionnelle et citoyenne à Strasbourg et à Montréal. La comparaison de ces formes de socialisation s’efforce de scruter les motivations d’une génération partie à la recherche de nouvelles mutations identitaires ailleurs hors des frontières de la communauté d’origine. / To study of different identities- professional, intimate, marital, militant and patriotic of contemporary Kabyle migrants in France and Quebec raised questions about the origins and formation of such identities. We sought to answer these questions by comparing three forms of secondary socialization- marital, professional and patriotic- within the Kabyle migrants currently resident in the cities of Strasbourg and Montreal. The comparison of these forms of socialization seeks to scrutinise the motivations of a generation which left its homeland in search of new identities elsewhere.

M.A. (Sociology) / An increase in the number of people living alone has been observed in various modern industrialised societies, paricularly over the last four decades. Despite this, very little is known about living alone, since until now very little comprehensive research has been undertaken into the lifestyle of those living alone. There has rather been a tendency among social scientists particularly those working within the framework of social integration theory - to base their researches on the assumption that people living .alone necessarily expose themselves to social isolation, to their own detriment. Other researchers, however, stress the probability that those living alone compensate for their relative isolation by maintaining more contacts outside the household and are thus not necessarily exposed to social isolation. The aim of this study was to use qualitative research in an exploratory way to collect in-depth information on the nature of the social integration of women living alone and other related aspects of their lives. Although the findings are therefore limited by the type of research, a number of tendencies regarding the lifestyles and social integration of those living alone can be identified .. Probably one of the most significant conclusions is that, as far as their social integration is concerned, people living alone cannot be treated as a homogeneous category: when, for instance, the regularity and quality of respondents' contact with the central figures in their lives is examined, it appears that their integration into these centrality networks ranges from very high to very low...

This thesis argues that the distinctiveness of contemporary British fashion design can be attributed to the history of education in fashion design in the art schools, while the recent prominence and visibility is the result of the expansion of the fashion media. Fashion design had to struggle to achieve disciplinary status in the art schools. Tarnished by its associations with the gendered and low status practice of the dressmaking tradition, and then in the post war years, with the growth of mass culture and popular culture, fashion educators have emphasised the conceptual basis of fashion design. Young fashion designers graduating from art school and entering the world of work develop an occupational identity closer to that of fine artists. This is a not unrealistic strategy given the limited nature of employment opportunities in the commercial fashion sector. But as small scale cultural entrepreneurs relying on a selfemployed and freelance existence, the designers are thwarted in their ability to maintain a steady income by their lack of knowledge of production, sewing and the dressmaking tradition. The current network of urban `micro-economies' of fashion design are also the outcome of the enterprise culture of the 1980s. Trained to think of themselves primarily as creative individuals the designers are ill-equipped to develop a strategy of collaboration and association through which their activities might become more sustainable. While the fashion media has also played a key role in promoting fashion design since the early 1980s, they are overwhelmingly concerned with circulation figures. They produce fashion images which act as luxurious environments for attracting advertising revenue. Consequently they carry little or no coverage on issues relating to employment or livelihoods in fashion. But their workforce is also creative, casualised and freelance. In each case, these young workers are the product of the shift in the UK to an emergent form of cultural capitalism comprising of low pay and the intensification of labour in exchange for the reward of personal creativity. This current sociological investigation aims to open the debate on the potential for the future socialisation of creative labour.

CONTEXTE. La négligence, forme la plus fréquente de maltraitance manifestée envers les jeunes enfants, est fortement susceptible de compromettre le développement langagier de ces derniers. La pragmatique, qui est une composante langagière renvoyant aux aspects sociaux et relationnels du langage, est particulièrement sensible aux perturbations sévères de la relation parent-enfant qui caractérisent la négligence. Malgré leur rôle central dans le développement des autres composantes du langage, dans la participation sociale et dans leur réussite scolaire ultérieure des enfants, peu d’études ont porté sur les habiletés pragmatiques des enfants négligés. Aucune d’entre elles ne s’est intéressée aux comportements parentaux qui pourraient être associés à ces habiletés pragmatiques. OBJECTIFS. Cette thèse a pour objectif principal d’étudier la relation entre les comportements parentaux adoptés lors d’interactions parent-enfant et le niveau de développement des habiletés pragmatiques du langage chez des enfants négligés âgés de 42 mois. Quatre objectifs spécifiques en découlent, soit: 1- comparer le niveau de développement des habiletés pragmatiques chez des enfants négligés et non négligés âgés de 42 mois; 2- mesurer la prévalence des difficultés pragmatiques chez les enfants négligés à cet âge; 3- comparer les comportements de parents négligents et non négligents dans les quatre domaines de l’interaction parent-enfant qui sont associés au développement langagier des enfants (Réponse à l’enfant, Contrôle, Soutien aux apprentissages, Affect); et 4- étudier la relation entre ces comportements parentaux et le niveau de développement des habiletés pragmatiques chez des enfants négligés âgés de 42 mois. MÉTHODES. Pour répondre aux deux premiers objectifs de cette thèse, l’échantillon est composé de 45 enfants négligés et 95 enfants non négligés âgés de 42 mois. Le niveau de développement des habiletés pragmatiques des enfants a été mesuré à l’aide du Language Use Inventory : Français (Pesco et O'Neill, 2016), un questionnaire standardisé complété en entrevue avec les parents lors d’une rencontre à leur domicile. Pour répondre aux troisième et quatrième objectifs, seuls les enfants du premier échantillon vivant dans leur famille biologique (n = 21) ont été retenus. L’interaction parent-enfant a été filmée lors d’une période de jeu libre, lors de la même visite à domicile. Les comportements parentaux adoptés au sein de ces interactions ont ensuite été observés et codés à l’aide de l’outil Comportements observés du parent en interaction avec l’enfant (COPI: Sylvestre, Di Sante, Brassart et Leblond, 2019). RÉSULTATS. La proportion d’enfants négligés présentant des difficultés pragmatiques à l’âge de 42 mois est largement plus élevée que celle chez leurs pairs non négligés du même âge. Les parents négligents se distinguent des parents non négligents sur la majorité des comportements associés au développement langagier des enfants, en particulier ceux relatifs à la Réponse à l’enfant. Des relations significatives sont identifiées entre la réciprocité parentale et le niveau de développement des habiletés pragmatiques des enfants négligés. Certains autres comportements parentaux, notamment la stimulation des apprentissages et le plaisir manifesté par le parent dans le cadre de l’interaction avec l’enfant, entretiennent également des relations marginalement significatives avec le niveau de développement pragmatique présenté par ce sous-groupe d’enfants. CONCLUSION. Les résultats de cette thèse confirment l’importance de la prévalence des difficultés pragmatiques manifestées par les enfants négligés pendant la période de la petite enfance. Ils permettent une meilleure compréhension des liens entre les comportements parentaux adoptés dans l’interaction parent-enfant en contexte de négligence et la présence de difficultés pragmatiques. Ces résultats appuient l’importance d’intervenir de façon précoce en agissant directement sur le développement des habiletés pragmatiques des enfants négligés et en favorisant l’adoption de certains comportements parentaux qui y sont associés. De telles interventions pourraient favoriser la capacité des enfants à utiliser le langage socialement, laquelle est centrale à leur développement et leur bien-être. / CONTEXT. Exposure to parental neglect, the most common form of child abuse directed towards young children, is likely to compromise their language development. Pragmatics, which refer to aspects of language which are of social and relational nature, may be particularly sensitive to the chronic disruptions in the parent-child relationship which characterize neglect. Despite the crucial role of pragmatics in childrens’ language development, social participation, and academic success, few studies have focused on the pragmatic skills of neglected children. None have focused on the parental behaviors that might be associated with these pragmatic language skills. AIMS. The main objective of this thesis is to study the relationship between parental behaviors during parent-child interactions and the level of pragmatic skills presented by 42- month-old neglected children. Four specific aims were pursued, that is to : 1- compare the level of pragmatic skills of neglected and non-neglected 42-month-old children; 2- measure the prevalence of pragmatic difficulties among neglected children at this age ; 3- compare the behaviors of neglectful and non-neglectful parents in the four domains of parent-child interaction which are typically associated with language development, namely Responsiveness, Control, Support to learning, and Affect; and 4- study the relationships between these parental behaviors and the level of pragmatic skills of 42-month-old neglected children. METHODS. To meet the first two objectives of this thesis, the study sample consisted of 45 neglected children and 95 non-neglected children aged 42 months. The level of pragmatic skills presented by these children was measured using the Language Use Inventory: French (Pesco & O'Neill, 2016), a standardized questionnaire completed with the child’s main parental figure during a home visit. To meet the third and fourth objectives of the thesis, only children from the first sample living in their biological family (n = 21) were considered. Parent-child interactions were recorded during a period of free play between parent and child, which took place during the same home visit. The behaviors adopted by parents during these interactions were then coded using the Coding Observations of Parental behaviors during parent-child Interactions) tool (COPI: Sylvestre, Di Sante, Brassart & Leblond, 2019). RESULTS. The proportion of 42-month-old neglected children with pragmatic difficulties is significantly higher than the one found among their non-neglected peers of the same age. Neglectful parents differ from non-neglectful parents in the majority of the observed parental behaviors, particularly those which reflect responsive and child oriented behaviors. Significant relationships are identified between parental reciprocity and the level of pragmatic skills of neglected children at 42-months of age. Other parental behaviors, such as the level of stimulation offered to the child and the enjoyment expressed by the parent during interactions with the child, show marginally significant relationships with the level of pragmatic skills presented by these children. CONCLUSION. The results of this thesis advocate for offering early speech therapy services to young neglected children. They provide a better understanding of the links between the parental behaviors expressed in context of child neglect and the presence of pragmatic difficulties among neglected children. These findings support the importance of early intervention targeting both the development of pragmatic skills of neglected children and the adoption of specific parental behaviors which are associated with these skills. Such interventions could enhance neglected children’s social language use, which is fundamental to their development and well-being.

Diss. Linköping : Univ., 1999.

Den svenska idrottsrörelsen är en stor del av samhället med långa anor som en ideell institution med traditionellt betingade uppdrag härrörande till fostran för ungdomen i såväl tävling som demokrati och föreningsliv. Samtidigt, som en del av samhället, är idrottsrörelsen utsatt för förändringsprocesser drivna av samhället, exempelvis professionalisering och individualisering, som kan försvåra ledarskapet och uppdraget inom rörelsen. En strategi för att motverka eller hantera dessa effekter är utbildning och ledarskap. Denna studie belyste åtta nationella idrottsförbunds, fyra individuellt inriktade idrotter och fyra lagidrotter, grundläggande tränarutbildningar med särskilt fokus på innehåll, struktur, upplägg och mål med utbildningen relaterat till ledarskap. Särskilt fokus lades på innehåll, säkerställande av inlärning samt syn på och utmaningar med ledarskap som de olika förbunden tog upp. Detta analyserades sedan med hjälp av institutionell teori. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och en dokumentanalys konstaterades att innehållet på utbildningar inte varierade nämnvärt mellan olika förbund och att fördelningen mellan idrottsspecifika kunskaper och mer generella ämnen numera är relativt lika. Dessutom var strukturerna på utbildningarna och förmedlingsmetoderna även det liknande mellan idrotterna. En tydlig förändring i utbildningarna under senare år belystes från informanternas sida, med ett tydligare fokus på ledarskap. Detta ökade fokus härrörde både från det organisatoriska fältet, dess uppdrag, och dess aktörer men även från förbunden själva. Detta relaterades sedan till olika utmaningar som idrotten ställts inför såsom ökade krav på resultat, utbildade tränare och en mer professionellt inriktad verksamhet och problematik relaterad till att behålla individer inom idrotten men även till att det ideella ledarskapet blivit mer ifrågasatt. Samtidigt identifierades en förändring i själva tränarna, med en annan typ av ledarskap och ett generationsskifte inom idrotten som kan komma att påverka ledarskapet inom idrotten. Idrottsrörelsen står inför många utmaningar och har börjat förändra sina utbildningssystem därefter.

Syftet med studien var att belysa pedagogers upplevelser av hur man på skolor i socioekonomiskt och etniskt segregerade områden arbetar för att få alla elever att klara kunskapsmålen, liksom vad som anses vara de största utmaningarna. Sex stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts på två olika skolor i socioekonomiskt och etniskt segregerade områden. Studien är kvalitativ och intervjuerna har tolkats utifrån en hermeneutisk forskningstradition. Två teoretiska utgångspunkter har legat till grund för analysen: Socialisation samt utveckling och lärande. Resultatet visar att skolorna arbetar mycket individanpassat med de mest utsatta eleverna och att de genom olika insatser strävar mot en god skolmiljö, goda relationer, trygghet, få eleverna att känna sig delaktiga och bli mer intresserade av skolan. Den största utmaningen pedagogerna upplever på skolorna är språket. Den låga språkutvecklingen hos eleverna tycks snarare bero på områdesstrukturen än på en ovilja att lära sig. Skolorna lägger därför mycket resurser på svenska som andraspråkslärare och studievägledare.

The global apparel market is an increasingly desirable industry sector for many marketers. The apparel retail industry in South Africa has experienced significant growth since the year 2000. In 2009, South Africans spent approximately R57 million on apparel items (Statistics South Africa, 2009). On average, South Africans spend R600 or more per month on apparel, making the apparel industry a very lucrative market. Consumer socialisation is the process by which the youth gain the necessary skills and knowledge that enable them to function as consumers in the marketplace. Consumer socialisation highlights the sources of consumer influences or ‘socialisation agents’ that transfer norms, develop attitudes, motivations and behaviour to the learner. Consumer attitudes, behaviour and skills are acquired through socialisation agents such as parents (father, mother and guardian), peers (brothers, sisters and friends) and the mass media (newspaper, television, radio, magazines) The Generation Y cohort (defined as individuals born between 1986 and 2005) is described as the largest and most profitable consumer group for marketers. Generation Y is a lucrative and growing market segment, particularly for apparel retailers. Apparel includes clothing, shoes, jewellery and cosmetics. Those Generation Y members engaged in tertiary education represent an especially important segment given that tertiary education often translates into higher future earning potential and a higher social status within a community and among peers. The primary objective of this research study was to investigate Generation Y students’ attitudes towards the influence of socialisation agents’ on apparel purchasing intentions in South Africa. The target population used in this research study was defined as full-time Generation Y undergraduate students, aged between 18-24 years, who were enrolled at public higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa in 2013. The sampling frame comprised the 23 registered South African public HEIs. A non-probability judgement sample method was used to narrow this sampling frame down to two HEI campuses situated in the Gauteng Province. For this study, a convenience sample of 500 full-time Generation Y students who were registered at these two South African HEI campuses during 2013 was drawn. A self-administered questionnaire was used for the collection of primary data for this research study. Academic staff at each of the two HEIs were contacted and asked if they would assist with the distribution of the survey questionnaire to students during class. The attitude towards the influence of socialisation agents on apparel purchasing intentions was measured based on peers, parents and the media. The outcomes from this research study suggest that Generation Y students do not perceive the influence of socialisation agents (peers/parents/media) as being particularly positive. While there was a significant positive relationship between their perceptions concerning the influence of peers, parents and media on apparel purchasing, none of these socialisation agents were perceived as having a significant influence on the Generation Y students’ monthly apparel spending. In terms of gender differences, males perceived the peer influence to be more important while females perceived the parent influence to be more important. There was no significant difference between males and females concerning the importance of the media influence on apparel purchasing. The analysis of statistical information gathered from this study will be relevant to both marketing practitioners and academia in understanding Generation Y consumers’ attitudes towards the influence of socialisation agents (peers/parents/media) in apparel purchasing intentions. / MCom (Marketing Management), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

Abstract This study takes a qualitative look at the interplay between women’s leadership and newsroom socialisation and the news agenda as experienced and understood by women editors at the Mail & Guardian, through a process of interviews with women editors, supplemented by a brief look at the publication when referenced during the course of the interviews. This study confirms previous research that suggests that an increase of women in the newsroom is not enough to address issues of gender representation in newsrooms and news representation. Although at the Mail & Guardian, this study indicates that the appointment of a woman editor impacted the newsroom positively on gender awareness issues and the publication itself in its gender representation, there are indications that this is a result of a number of factors and not gender alone. In summary, this research found that it is the combination of positioning, power and influence, with a gender agenda, intention and purpose, in an environment that is receptive to change, that will significantly contribute to changes both within the socialisation of the newsroom and translate into a higher level of gender awareness and sensitivity in newspaper’s gender representation.