For much of its recent history, the Kachin State of northern Myanmar has been wrought with civil warfare that has come to define its image from the outside, as well as being a key signifier in the conceptual life worlds of many of its ethnic nationalities. While Myanmar is currently witnessing significant – if still uncertain – political and economic transitions, the Kachin State remains largely marginalized from these processes. Rather than an absence of state power, however, this marginalization had led to competing projects of statecraft vying over resources, military control and popular legitimacy in the highly fragmented territorialities. In this thesis I engage this complex landscape through the nexus of formal schooling, organized religion, and ethno nationalist politics. My primary ethnographic focus is on the emergence ‐ of several private schools led by a younger generation of Kachin educators. I am asking why these schools arose at this point in time and what has motivated their leaders to strive for institutional autonomy in settings long characterised by a scarcity of human and material resources. I argue that, in addition to their explicitly stated pedagogical aims, these initiatives are serving particular visions of social and political development, defined by Christian moralities and ethno‐nationalist ideologies. As such, their practice can be read as a form of critique towards the established systems of schooling and governance led by the central state of Myanmar, as well as that of the Kachin Independence Organization, the main contender for political self‐determination in the area. Decades of perceived marginalization of the Kachin populace of northern Myanmar are the principal motivator for the leaders of these educational projects. However, important points of tension also exist within the Kachin society itself, both in the fields of schooling and religion. A focus on the institutions of private education thus enables me to ask questions about the nature of local political authority, ethnic identification, and the influence of organized religion more generally. By employing a historical perspective to complement my ethnographic material, I am tracing the emergence of ideas, practices, and institutions of schooling that were born from the missionary encounter and decades of military conflicts. These, together with the more recent cosmopolitan ideas of modernity, lie at the heart of contemporary efforts to provide alternative paths to schooling, and to attain the dreams of social development for the Kachin society that the educators seek.

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe yra analizuojama informacinės visuomenės plėtros įtaka šalies darbo produktyvumui. Darbas susideda iš dviejų dalių. Teorinėje darbo dalyje nagrinėjami Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių autorių moksliniai straipsniai apie informacinę visuomenę ir jos paskaičiavimo metodus bei apie produktyvumą ir jo rūšis. Empirinėje darbo dalyje analizuojama 2000-2010 m. laikotarpio Lietuvos statistinė informacija apie darbo produktyvumą ir informacinės visuomenės plėtrą (informacinių ir telekomunikacinių technologijų parengtis, panaudojimas bei panaudojimo pajėgumai). Lietuvos situacija pagal tiriamus rodiklius lyginama ir su Europos Sąjungos šalimis. Lietuvos atveju darbo produktyvumas nagrinėjamas plačiau, pagal ekonomines veiklos rūšis. O informacinės visuomenės plėtros sudarytas indeksas giliau analizuojamas ir lyginamas su keletą ES šalių. Taip pat, bandoma nustatyti, ar informacinės visuomenės plėtra įtakoja šalies darbo produktyvumą ir kuris informacinės visuomenės plėtros veiksnių daro tam didžiausią įtaką. / In Bachelor’s final thesis the impact of development of information society on country's labor productivity are analyzed. The work consists of two parts – theoretic and empirical. In the theoretic part Lithuania’s and foreign countries’ scientific articles about development of information society and its calculation methodology and productivity and it's types are analyzed. In the empirical part there are analysis of years 2000-2010 statistical information of Lithuania about labor productivity and development of information society (information and telecommunication technology access, use and skills). Lithuania's analyzed indicators are compared with European Union countries’. Deeper analysis is made in Lithuania's labor productivity by economic sectors. Lithuania's calculated index of development of information society is compared with few other European Union countries and analyzed deeper. In addition, the part of the thesis is striving to determine if the development of information society has any impact to labor productivity and which factor has the biggest the influence to it.

This thesis tries to analyze the role of civil society within the process of democratization in Turkey with special reference to the impact of civil society policies of the EU on the internal operating styles of civil society organizations in Turkey. In this respect, a critical evaluation of the said issue was tried to be put forward in the sense that the extensive discussions on the concept of civil society were examined and gathered with the observations and empirical evidence gained on the subject in order to reach an answer on the very nature of civil society-democracy relationship. In doing this, the purpose was to uncover the reasons behind the recent popularization of the concept as an indispensable precondition of democracy and to question whether certain circumstances exist under which the term may rather harm than enable the process of democratization. Within this framework, the consideration of the civil society policies of the EU implemented in Turkey was seen as all the more necessary because of the fact that the process of Turkey&rsquo / s EU membership has major implications for not only the process of democratization in Turkey, but also on the development of civil society as a significant part of this process. In accordance with the purpose of the study, in order to understand the extent of democratic capacity of civil society organizations in Turkey and the impact of the EU in that sense, a field research was conducted in Ankara, Turkey with the participation of 46 CSOs active mostly in the fields of women, children, disabled, human rights and environment. Through the field research, the main purpose was to understand the dynamics of the internal operating styles of those organizations, their views concerning the relations between CSOs as well as between the CSOs and the state on the one hand, to measure the extent to which their participation to civil society programs of the EU influence their intra-organizational structures on the other. According to the results of the field research, over the experience of 46 participant organizations, an analysis of the extent to which the EU-implemented civil society programs serve for the building of democratic capacity of civil society organizations in Turkey was tried to be made.

Submitted by Lafaiete Santos Santiago (lafaiete.santiago@ucsal.br) on 2016-11-23T13:13:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Teirone Campos completo.pdf: 1264285 bytes, checksum: 4940bf189df8a234db083e2618717fce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-01-14T17:01:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Teirone Campos completo.pdf: 1264285 bytes, checksum: 4940bf189df8a234db083e2618717fce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-14T17:01:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teirone Campos completo.pdf: 1264285 bytes, checksum: 4940bf189df8a234db083e2618717fce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-04 / O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar as diferenças e semelhanças existentes entre as aulas de Educação Física das Escolas Estaduais do município de Feira de Santana-BA, situadas no meio urbano e as aulas ministradas nos estabelecimentos de ensino, da mesma rede, localizados meio rural. Para realização desta pesquisa, foi escolhido um desenho de estudo qualitativo, por permitir uma melhor exploração acerca do tema. Foram identificadas diferenças e semelhanças existentes na prática pedagógica dos docentes das escolas públicas estaduais no município de Feira de Santana - Bahia, mediante a realização de entrevistas com os docentes das referidas escolas. As entrevistas foram realizadas com oito professores(as) da rede estadual de ensino, sendo que quatro do meio rural destes duas professoras e dois professores e quatro professores do meio urbano a partir de um roteiro semi-estruturado, permitindo a livre expressão dos educadores - (MINAYO, 2005). Foi escolhido o método de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 1977). Uma pesquisa desta natureza suscita muitos questionamentos; dentre eles, os relacionados à compreensão do posicionamento do professor de Educação Física como mediador do processo de utilização de suas aulas, como meio de promover o desenvolvimento social de seus alunos; bem como conhecer o perfil do professor deste componente curricular da zona urbana e rural das escolas estudadas. As aulas de Educação Física, ministradas no meio rural, não levam em consideração a realidade dos alunos, tendo em vista o não aproveitamento das possibilidades de adequação das atividades desenvolvidas, resultando em uma transposição das aulas ministradas nas escolas situadas no meio urbano / The objective of this study was to verify the differences and similarities between the urban and rural Physical Education classes of State schools of Feira de Santana, Bahia. It is a qualitative study, which was used a semi-structured interview to identify the differences and similarities in the pedagogical practice of the teachers (MINAYO, 2005). It was chosen as the method of content analysis (BARDIN, 1977). A survey of this nature raises many questions among them, including the understanding of the Physical Education teacher as facilitator of the process used in their classes to promote student´s social development; as well the profile of the teachers. The rural physical education classes, does not take in consideration the student´s reality, resulting the transposition of urban classes.

This thesis is about the lives and civic engagements of Afghans in Germany and the UK. It shows how Afghans living in these two countries relate to Afghanistan, and to what extent they engage in transnational action aimed at promoting change there. In particular, it explores the emergence of diasporic communities and how members exercise agency as development actors in Afghanistan. The research rests on a qualitative case study conducted among Afghan populations in Germany and the UK. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation were primary methods of data collection. Relational sociology is used to capture emerging social identities, patterns of social organisation and forms of social engagement. A first notable finding is that Afghan populations abroad are fractured and cannot be seen as a united diaspora. People tend to coalesce in narrowly defined subgroups rather than under a shared national identity. Second, Afghanistan remains a crucial reference point, notwithstanding fragmented social organisation. Home country attachments tend to be tied to a desire for change and development in the country. Third, despite these shared concerns, transnational engagements are typically carried out by small groups and directed towards confined social spheres. Although people may take action in the name of an imagined Afghan community or an imaginary Afghanistan, this imagined community does not provide a basis for social mobilisation. Thus Afghans do not act as a cohesive diaspora. Fourth, transnational engagements are often a response to the specificities of the social environments in which people are embedded, notably their host countries. The findings show that a relational approach can specify how different dimensions of people’s social identities drive social action and are shaped in interaction with various elements of their social context. Such an actor-centred perspective helps to improve our understanding of how members of diasporas come to engage with their countries of origin.

ABSTRACT PEACE BUILDING AFTER HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION: THE CASE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Latif, Dilek Ph.D., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Prof. Dr. ihsan D. Dagi August 2005, 379 pages. This dissertation analyzes peace building process after humanitarian intervention. It conceptualizes peace building through questioning the feasibility of peace building following a humanitarian intervention. Addressing the deficiency of contemporary peace building approach, this thesis indicates the shortcomings of the various instruments of peace building in contributing peace and reconciliation on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Besides, it shows the drawbacks of the current practice that peace building is a learning process, which employs the lessons learnt to advance the efficiency of peace building process. There is a lack of comprehensive approach to peace building, based on case studies, evaluating the shortcomings and merits of all the instruments of peace building that provides a general strategy. Despite abundancy of policy oriented research to contribute policy making, academic work to analyze such a complicated phenomena has been frail. Within this context, contribution of the dissertation is to demonstrate the entire picture and question viability of the peace building process in war-torn societies. Therefore, it is enriching the study on the peace building operations. Failure of institutionalization of peace in BiH after almost a decade of rigorous peace building efforts of the international community shows the fault of the mainstream understanding of peace building. The dissertation also unveils that engagement in Kosovo is the product of a similar strategy, which in practice either repeated the same fruitless methods or tried to build on the experience obtained in Bosnia but failed to heal up the troubles and challenges faced in Kosovo. Overall, the study points out the inevitability of a novel approach and an alternative peace building strategy beyond the policy-related focus.

This diploma thesis deals with the Aristotelian virtue ethics and its renaissance in the twentieth century. Ethics is first defined generally as a separate science which belongs to the practical sciences. Subsequently, the emphasis on virtue ethics as one of the directions of normative ethics. A key part of the thesis deals with the ethics of virtue in Aristotle and interpretation corresponding more or less to the interpretation of the work of Nicomachean Ethics. The emphasis is on concepts of virtue, bliss and goodness. The development of u virtue ethics from the time of Aristotle until the twentieth century is also mentioned. The last part deals with the form of virtue ethics in the twentieth century, including the process how the ethics of virtue acquired its present form. It is also compared to the interpretation of virtue ethics in Aristotle and in the works of modern moral philosophers, particularly the work of Alasdair MacIntyre After Virtue is emphasized.

The most important resource is no longer the river, forest or mine - it is information, creativity and knowledge. Larger urban areas has transformed in to bigger cities with global perspectives, cities where we ́ve never before seen as much segregation and class differences. The smaller cities that once transformed Sweden from a poor peripheral nation to a country in the financial and social forefront, has been deprived of the possibility of being part of the knowledge economy. However, in this hierarchical transformation of the society the digitalization is forming a new type of center - an autonomous bomb goes off - and we all become our own center. This project explores the possibilities for a more decentralized society development, when the big cities is unable to deliver the perfect life setting for all. Smaller cities of the periphery is often beautifully situated and offers life qualities and spaces that many are longing for. Though, the last decades have been tough and left a lot of the smaller cities with a scattered and rough context – and a common lack of spaces to meet in. Therefore this project ended up becoming, what I imagine to be a new kind of symbolic building for meetings - that with its form, function and programme should express the new future of the periphery. The ambition is to introduce spaces which could act as a generator of a new time where the small towns get to be part of the knowledge economy, a time where people get to choose their own location of center through the tecnology of today. A future concept allowing the whole of Sweden to become more vibrant, connected to essential functions and filled with life - no matter the amount of people or the physical location of the place. / Den viktigaste råvaran är inte längre vår skog, gruva eller flod - utan dagens råvaror är information, kreativitet och kunskap. Större urbana platser har fått följa med sin tid och förvandlats till storstäder med globala perspektiv - städer där vi samtidigt aldrig skådat så stora skillnader i klasstillhörighet. Landets småstäder som i begynnelsen förvandlade Sverige från en fattig utkantsnation till ett land i framkant - har dock berövats möjligheten att vara en del av kunskapsekonomin. I detta hierarkiska samhällsbyggande kan vi dock genom digitaliseringen se ett nytt typ av centrum ta form - en autonomibomb smäller - och vi blir alla vårt eget centrum. Detta projekt utreder möjligheterna till en mer decentraliserande samhällsutveckling - när storstaden inte lyckas leverera den perfekta tillvaron till alla.

For the past two decades, statebuilding has been the object of a growing attention from practitioners and scholars alike. ‘International statebuilding’, as its dominant approach or model guiding the practices of national and international actors, has sparked numerous discussions and debates, mostly around its effectiveness (i.e. if it works) and deficiencies (i.e. why it often fails). Surprisingly, little efforts have been made to investigate what international statebuilding, in the multiple ways it is mobilized by various actors, actually produces on the political dynamics of the ‘fragile’ contexts it is supposed to support and reinforce. Using an instrumentation perspective, this dissertation addresses this gap by exploring the relationship between the micro-dynamics of the uses of international statebuilding instruments and the fragility of contexts. This exploration is articulated around five essays and as many angles to this relationship. Using the case of Hamas, Essay I explores the European Union’s (EU) terrorist labelling policy by questioning the nature and modalities of the enlisting process, its use as foreign policy tool and its consequences on its other agendas, especially its international statebuilding efforts in Palestine. Essay II examines a Belgian good governance incentive mechanism and sheds the light on the tension between the claimed apolitical and objective nature of the instrument and the politicization potential embedded in its design and modalities, naturally leading to a convoluted implementation. Essay III analyses the localization dynamics of transitional justice in Burundi and unveils the nature, diversity and rationale behind transitional justice subversion techniques mobilized by national and international actors, which have produced a triple form of injustice. Essay IV widens this scope in Burundi, developing the argument that the authoritarian trend observed in the 2010-2015 period did not only occur against international statebuilding but also through self-reinforcing subversion tactics of its appropriation. Finally, essay V deepens the reflection on appropriation by attempting to build a theory of regime consolidation through international statebuilding subversion tactics. Overall, the incremental theory building reflection of the essays converges towards the assembling of a comprehensive framework of the in-betweens of the normative diffusion of liberal democracy, the inner-workings of its operationalization through the resort to the international statebuilding instrument and the intermediary constraints or objectives of actors not only interfering with its genuine realization but also contributing to its antipode of regime consolidation, conflict dynamics and authoritarianism. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished