The topic of computer/video games and their translation has only recently attracted attention of translation scholars. The thesis aims at introducing the phenomenon as a legitimate topic of translation studies, presenting it as a specific and influential medium with an extensive user subculture. A description of the overall process of game localization, and specifically its practice in the Czech Republic are included. Lexical analysis of selected computer game reviews and online discussions is complemented with a questionnaire survey to reveal if and how computer games and game- focused articles influence the constitution of a characteristic sociolect and its usage outside the gamer subculture. Concepts used in intercultural and interlingual transfer of computer games are defined and compared with established terms in translation studies. A comparative analysis of original and Czech versions of two computer games is carried out to identify translation methods used in the transfer of culture- and language-specific elements in order to determine whether the process of computer game translation exhibits any specific features that may justify the introduction of new terms into translation studies. Specific features of computer games in translation are described and an analysis of several games...

Selon Berman, une caractéristique de la grande prose consiste à « capter et condenser tout l’espace polylangagier d’une communauté ». Certains écrivains, comme Twain, Faulkner, Steinbeck et Salinger, ont ainsi puisé dans l’ensemble des ressources de l’anglais, pour recréer des parlers vernaculaires ou des idiolectes dits « non standard ». Cette stratégie stylistique, qui engage l’auteur idéologiquement et politiquement, passe souvent mal l’épreuve de la traduction en français. La traduction de ces « écritures-déviances » pose des problèmes spécifiques tout en étant paradigmatique de la manière dont le traducteur s’inscrit dans le texte traduit : ce type de stylisation discursive offre donc une perspective privilégiée pourétudier l’action du traducteur ainsi que les stratégies qu’il met en oeuvre pour véhiculer, dans le texte traduit, le projet sthético-idéologique de l’original. Notre étude s’ouvre sur l’analyse de la nature sociolinguistique de l’anglais non standard, avant d’examiner son emploi en littérature, afin de comprendre le rapport de « tension et d’intégration » qui lie les sociolectes littéraires à la réalité linguistique dont ils sont issus. Nous explorons ensuite les mécanismesqui orientent le travail du traducteur et son traitement des écritures non standard à travers la tradition théorique et pratique de la traduction littéraire, avant d’analyser un corpus de traductions. En nous appuyant sur l’éclairage théorique de la sociologie bourdieusienne et le système analytique des « tendances déformantes » (Berman), nous analysons les stratégies de« ré-énonciation » (Folkart) adoptées par différents traducteurs et les « effets de lecture » qui en découlent. / For Antoine Berman, a major characteristic of great prose is its ability to “span the whole linguistic range of a community”. Some writers, such as Twain, Faulkner, Steinbeck and Salinger, have thus drawn on all the resources of the English language in order to recreate vernacular discourse and/or nonstandard idiolects. This stylistic strategy, which expresses theauthor’s particular ideological and political attitudes, is often lost when translated into French. Translating these “deviant” forms of writing poses specific problems while being paradigmatic of the way in which the translator is embedded in the translated text : nonstandard discursive patterns therefore provide a privileged viewpoint from which to study the translator’s action as well as the strategies he uses to transfer the original’s ideological and aesthetical dimensions to the translated text. Our study begins with a sociolinguistic analysis of nonstandard English, before examining its use in literature, in order to understand the dual dialectic of “mediation and emulation” that links literary sociolects to linguistic reality. Wethen explore the practical and theoretical tradition of literary translation to understand what factors affect the translator’s work and his/her approach to nonstandard writing. Finally, we analyse a corpus of translations: using Bourdieu’s sociological theory and Berman’s “systems of deformation” analytical system, we examine the “re-enunciation” (Folkart) strategiesadopted by various translators and the potential readings that result.

This thesis aims to explore an aspect of the history of vernacular speech through analysis of some eighteenth century verse texts. These satirical anti-Jesuit pamphlets by Nicolas Jouin, known as the 'Sarcelades', were collected posthumously in 'Le Vrai Recueil des Sarcelles' of 1764. The texts purport to be in the patois of the peasants of Sarcelles and show features which may be paralleled in the vernacular speech of Paris and elsewhere, and even correspond with features of contemporary colloquial French. The study may appeal to French historical sociolinguists interested in reconstructing spoken language of the past, and particularly in the history of vernacular speech of Paris since the Middle Ages through to the eighteenth century, in the context of the development of urban dialects. In order to set the scene for a linguistic description of Jouin’s work the limited biographical information available was collated. Then a period of bibliographical research led to acquisition of copies of the texts which were to be studied in order to identify and examine their non-standard linguistic features. Firstly the process of growth of urban dialects was discussed, and then the development of the Paris vernacular in particular. Then attention was turned to direct written evidence in the form of commentary and to a number of texts from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries containing features of the Paris vernacular. These had already been analysed by certain historical linguists, although the texts in the 'Sarcelades' had hitherto only been briefly mentioned. However, here they are considered to be of sufficient interest to be examined more closely, although it had to be established whether Jouin’s texts containing a selection of non-standard features could be regarded as an accurate depiction of the Paris vernacular at the period. The non-standard phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and lexical features in the texts were therefore compared with findings in other texts by previous commentators. Following these analyses it was noted to what extent the relative frequency of the variables correlates with the salience of certain features in popular speech in Paris at the period, as already observed in other texts by previous commentators, and it was concluded that in general established characteristics of the 'patois de Paris' at the period are to be found in the 'Sarcelades', even though there do remain certain features which do not appear to be generally attested elsewhere. Nevertheless, despite reservations concerning the authenticity of some of the non-standard features employed by Jouin, by bringing attention to this little-known series of texts this study may help to claim a place for the Sarcelades amongst the corpus of texts which reflect aspects of the lower-class sociolect, the 'patois de Paris', at the period.

in English with English title of the thesis: Language of SMS and French as a foreign language The central topic of the thesis is the language of short text messages (SMS) and/or the one of chat and their application in teaching of French as a foreign language (fr. abbreviation F.L.E., français langue étrangère). The aim is to answer the question so as to how to grasp linguo- didactically this modern sociolect of young users (not only) of French, typical of written communication via digital technologies, with the purpose of the purely practical use in the classes of French. Firstly, a linguistic description will be given in order to understand the mechanisms of the explored language code not only in French, but also partly in Czech and English, as well as the determination of the position of the SMS language as a socio-cultural phenomenon in the present-day French. The following research will be dealing with the identification and the analysis of the teaching activities using the SMS language found in approximately fifty text books of French intended for the learners of levels A1, A2, B1, B2. The next section offers the theoretical evaluation of the exploitability of the SMS language in the classes of French, having as a point of reference specialised works of didactics of foreign languages. The...