This thesis will serve as a case study on the translation of sociolectal literature, using my translation into English of Acadian author Georgette LeBlanc’s second collection of poetry, Amédé, as a paradigm. Written in the Baie Sainte-Marie Acadian French sociolect, this work represents an interesting example of the difficulties that can arise while translating minority language literature, from both a linguistic and discursive perspective. Broadly speaking, the objective of my analysis will be to explore the relationship between the literary representation of sociolect and the creation of underlying networks of meaning, focusing on both the linguistic and discursive aspects of LeBlanc’s choices in portraying Baie Sainte-Marie Acadian French in order to justify my translation of her work into African Nova Scotian English, also referred to as Africadian English.

This thesis analyses the use of sociolects in Michel Tremblay's Sainte Carmen de la Main , David Fennario's On the Job and Vittorio Rossi's Scarpone. The term sociolect identifies the language variation of a specific social group. The social groups then subdivide into various other categories which use sociolect sub-genres. The authors use the sociolects of the working class and the sociolect sub-genres of members of this social class who share similar occupations to create the hyperlanguage of their characters. In using such language variations, the authors show the aesthetic qualities of the working-class sociolect, and show the cohesive and protestative properties of a language variation that differs from the culturally established norms.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of Anglicisms in the language of Ukrainian young adults, the motives of English borrowings&rsquo / usage, and the attitude of young people towards the presence of Anglicisms in the Ukrainian language. The study examined the language of young adults, newspapers and magazines, and popular TV programmes. Note fields, audio-recordings, and questionnaire were chosen for investigation of borrowings integrated in the Ukrainian language. The study revealed a constant usage of Anglicisms by young adults in Ukraine, despite their place of residence and occupation, focusing on the main areas where borrowings are used. It was suggested that English borrowings have become a significant part of the language used by young people in Ukraine.

This thesis is devoted to a relatively little explored issue - the social differentiation of literary characters and the transfer of its linguistic means. The language material for exploring this field of translatology was provided by Döblin's novel Berlin Alexanderplatz (1928) and by two translations into Czech (1935 and 1968). We analyzed utterances of two characters. The first one represents a lower social class and criminal environment. In his speech the analysis showed many elements of Berlin urbanolect which were used for his social characterization. The second character represents the Jewish ethnic group. His direct speech contains elements of literary Yiddish, alluding to his Jewish origins. The subsequent utterance analysis of the first character in Czech translations showed an appropriate use of common Czech as a substitute for Berlin urbanolect in both translations. The analysis was set in the context where the usage of nonstandard elements in Czech and translated literature used to be a convention. Both translators followed these conventions successfully. When translating the literary Yiddish in the direct speech of the second character, significant differences in both translations were discovered. In the first translation the Yiddish elements were not replaced. In the second...

Tematem niniejszej pracy jest ewolucja socjolektu młodzieży polskiego pochodzenia w Wilnie. Jej celem jest zbadanie współczesnego slangu młodzieżowego i porównanie go z materiałem zaprezentowanym w rozprawie M. Dawlewicza, który został zebrany w roku 1996–1997, czyli przed dziesięciu laty. Jak wiadomo, wraz ze zmianą pokoleń socjolekt młodzieżowy ciągle ulega pewnej ewolucji, odświeża leksykalne środki wyrażania ekspresji, reaguje na zachodzące w otaczającej rzeczywistości przemiany. Ostatnie dziesięciolecie wniosło do życia społeczności polskiej na Litwie wiele przeobrażeń społeczno-kulturowych oraz cywilizacyjnych. W niniejszej pracy chciałabym się zastanowić nad tym, w jakim stopniu pewne z tych zmian, a mianowicie: wzrost roli języka litewskiego i ustabilizowanie się go w funkcji języka państwowego, spadek znaczenia języka rosyjskiego i zdegradowanie go do rangi języka mniejszości narodowej na Litwie, ekspansja kultury masowej za pośrednictwem odgrywających coraz większą rolę w życiu społecznym środków masowego przekazu, rozwój nowych technologii w różnych dziedzinach życia, a szczególnie postęp w dziedzinie komunikacji internetowej oraz rozwój komunikacji za pomocą telefonii komórkowej, wpływają na slang młodzieżowy. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań mają ukazać tendencje rozwojowe, którym pod wpływem tych czynników ulega socjolekt młodzieży polskojęzycznej w Wilnie. Gromadząc materiał do pracy, posłużyłam się metodą ankietowania. Uczniowie mieli do wypełnienia ankietę... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Šio magistrinio darbo tema yra Vilniaus lenkų kilmės jaunimo sociolekto evoliucija. Jos tikslas yra ištirti šiuolaikinį jaunimo slangą ir paliginti jį su medžiaga surinkta prieš dešimt metu, t.y. 1996 – 1997m., M. Dawlewicz knygoje Vilniaus lenkų kilmės jaunimo socialinio dialekto leksika. Šis darbas turi duoti atsakymą į klausimą, ar lenkų kilmės jaunimo Vilniuje sociolektas yra stabilus, ar keičiasi ir kokia kryptimi. Pristatyta šiame darbe medžiaga apima septynioliką teminių grupių ir sudaro 2341 žodžių. Iš jos analizės matyti, kad skoliniai iš įvairių kalbų sudaro apie 50% visos surinktos medžiagos. Daugiausia skolinių yra kilę iš rusų kalbos – 44%, pastebimai mažiau yra lituanizmų – 2,3% ir anglicizmų apie 2,5 %. Be to surinktoje medžiagoje esama 6% neologizmų bei 0,7% regionalizmų. Lyginant dabar sukauptą medžiagą su duomenimis surinktais prieš dešimt metų galima pastebėti, kad lenkų kilmės jaunimo kalboje padaugėjo skolinių iš rusų kalbos, o angliškų ir lietuviškų skolinių skaičius beveik nepasikeitė. / The theme of this master’s work is the evolution of the sociolect of the young people of the Polish origin in Vilnius. The aim of this work is to research the present language spoken by the Polish young people and to compare it with the material presented in the report by Miroslaw Dawlewicz titled ‘The vocabulary of the sociolect of the young people of the Polish origin in Wilno’, which was written in 1996-1997 years. It must give the answer if the sociolect of the young people of Vilnius is stable or has changed. Presented in the work vocabulary of the sociolect of the young people in Vilnius in 17 thematic groups include 2341 words. The characteristic feature of the sociolect of the young people of the Polish origin in Wilno is that there is a great number of the loans from different languages. They present 50% of the work material. 44% of loans are from Russian language, 2 % - from Lithuanian and 2,5% from English. There were also researched neologisms, which contain 7% and localisms – 0,7%. The comparison result says that the number of loans from Russian language has increased for the last 10 years, but the number of loans from English and Lithuanian didn’t change.

This thesis focuses on the way in which characters’ speech in the well-known American writer Katherine Paterson’s two novels for children, The Great Gilly Hopkins (1978) and The Same Stuff as Stars (2002), is translated by Romualda Zagorskienė and Renata Valotkienė, respectively in 1989 and 2005. The aim of this analysis is to consider and compare how Zagorskienė and Valotkienė deal with lexico-grammatical features that are hard to translate: grammatically deviant forms, colloquial forms, dialect and, especially, kinds of vocabulary that mark each character’s sociolect, such as the use of swearwords or name-calling. Further, the thesis looks at the effects of the strategies they choose on the presentation of characters and their relationships in the novels. The hypothesis that a number of lexico-grammatical features of characters’ speech will be standardized in translation has been raised, as this is suggested by current theoretical and practical research in translation studies. Thus, at first several relevant theoretical issues, based in particular on Gillian Lane-Mercier and Tiina Puurtinen’s theoretical research on the translation of tenor in fictional dialogues and literary sociolects, as well as what are known as the universals of translation are presented. In the thesis, the analysis of Zagorskienė and Valotkienė’s strategies is divided into two major parts. First, in Section 3, a detailed analysis of Zagorskienė and Valotkienė’s strategies for translating swearwords... [to full text] / Šiame darbe nagrinėjamos veikėjų kalbos vertimo strategijos įžymios amerikiečių rašytojos Ketrinos Paterson knygų vaikams „Smarkuolė Gilė Hopkins“ (The Great Gilly Hopkins, 1978 m.) ir „Kaip ir žvaigždės“ (The Same Stuff as Stars, 2002 m.) lietuviškuose vertimuose. „Smarkuolę Gilę Hopkins“ 1989 m. į lietuvių kalbą išvertė vertėja Romualda Zagorskienė, o „Kaip ir žvaigždes“ – 2005 m. vertėja Renata Valotkienė. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti R. Zagorskienės ir R. Valotkienės taikytas vertimo strategijas ir palyginti būdus, kuriais vertėjos perteikė leksines ir gramatines veikėjų kalbos ypatybes, pavyzdžiui, gramatiškai netaisyklingas žodžių formas, šnekamosios kalbos formas, dialektus ir ypač leksiką, kuri būdinga tam tikro veikėjo sociolektui (pavyzdžiui, keiksmažodžius, plūstamuosius žodžius ar epitetus). Be to, šiame tyrime nagrinėjamas vertėjų pasirinktų strategijų poveikis veikėjų ir jų tarpusavio santykių pavaizdavimui. Hipotezė, kad tam tikros leksinės ir gramatinės veikėjų kalbos ypatybės verčiant sunorminamos, keliama remiantis šiuolaikiniuose teoriniuose ir praktiniuose vertimo tyrimuose keliamomis prielaidomis. Todėl, pirmiausia aptariami atitinkami teoriniai klausimai, daugiausia – Gillian Lane-Mercier ir Tiinos Puurtinen teoretiniai vertimo tyrimai, kurių objektas – literatūrinių dialogų intonacijos, emocinių atspalvių (tenor) ir literatūrinių sociolektų vertimas. Aptariamos ir vadinamosios universaliosios vertimo strategijos (translation universals). Nagrinėjant R... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Cette recherche a pour objectif d’engager une discussion sur les processus deconstruction identitaire du sujet noir dans la société brésilienne actuelle à partir de l’étude desimages projetées par le RAP brésilien sur une période de 20 ans allant de 1990 à 2010. L’undes axes principaux de ce travail explore la thématique des “minorités” et ses conceptsafférents, comme les projets de “résistance” qui enferment et protègent ces “minorités” dansdes “ghettos” ou les éventuelles propositions de franchissement des frontières entre centre etpériphérie.Le RAP, constitué à partir des éléments “rythme et poésie” (de l’anglais rhythm and poetry),est l’héritier d’une longue tradition historique qui revisite et réélabore les chants, danses etbatuques (groupes de percussion) traditionnels dans la culture africaine depuis le XVIèmesiècle. Partant de cette tradition, le RAP apparaît à la Jamaïque et aux Etats-Unis dans lesannées 1960, avant d’arriver au Brésil vers la fin des années 1980.Dans ce travail, un chapitre préliminaire présente les origines du RAP et ses relations avec leHip Hop et les mouvements noirs, afin de contextualiser cette production et de fournir deséléments permettant de visualiser le panorama du RAP au Brésil. Le corps de la thèse estconstitué par l’analyse des paroles composées par quatre artistes de la tendance RAP: legroupe Racionais MC’s, de São Paulo, et les rappers MV Bill, de Rio de Janeiro, GOG, deBrasília, et Piá, de Porto Alegre.La thèse est divisée en quatre chapitres présentant chacun les spécificités des différentsartistes et des Régions du Brésil dont ils sont originaires et où ils sont plus particulièrementintégrés. Ils comportent une analyse de leur production musicale et des compositions jugéesles plus pertinentes qui met en évidence la thématique de la discrimination ethnique et sociale,ainsi que la violence urbaine qui résulte des trafics de drogue, des actes homicides, de laviolence et de la corruption policière, de la démission et de la négligence de l’Etat en tant quegarant de l’ordre public, de la corruption politique, d’un consumérisme exacerbé lié aucapitalisme, de la ségrégation sociale, et des processus qui entraînent le pays vers des formesde paupérisation et de “favélisation”.Cette recherche apprécie le caractère pédagogique du discours du RAP et discute lespropositions émanant d’un énonciateur qui se présente comme le porte-parole de lapériphérie. Elle analyse les projets et les contradictions de cette voix périphérique dans leprocessus de construction et de valorisation des référents identitaires de la périphérie et laplace réservée au Noir dans ce processus. Dans cette optique, elle se penche sur le caractèreéminemment oral des compositions, à l’origine d’un sociolecte qui, outre le fait d’être unmoyen de résister aux formes hégémoniques imposées par le centre, devient, au final, l’un desprincipaux référents identitaires de la communauté. / The objective of this dissertation is to critically assess the processes ofidentitarian construction of the black subject in contemporary Brazilian society, through thecareful analysis of images portrayed in Brazilian RAP during the course of a twenty-yearperiod (1990 – 2010). The central focus of the thesis problematizes and investigates the themeof “minorities” as well as the constructs attributed to them in a universe where projects of“resistance” function to maintain minorities in closed and protected “ghettos”. Ultimately, thisdissertation assesses possibilities for transposition of boundaries established between thecenter and the margins.RAP, constitutive of rhythm and poetry, is linked to a long historical tradition which revisitsand re-elaborates songs, dances, and drumming of black African culture since the sixteenthcentury. Based on this tradition, RAP emerges in Jamaica and the U.S. in the 1960s, arrivingin Brazil at the end of the 1980s.This dissertation attempts to contextualize this cultural production, providing themethodological tools to comprehend the panorama of RAP in Brazil and its connections toHip Hop and other black movements. The bulk of this project engages in a close reading oflyrics of selected songs composed by four RAP musicians: The band Racionais MCs, fromSão Paulo, and the following rappers: MV Bill, of Rio de Janeiro, GOG, from Brasília, andPiá, originating in Porto Alegre.The dissertation is divided into four chapters, each one dedicated to presenting specificcharacteristics of each of the artists within their respective geographic locales throughoutBrazil. In analyzing the musical production of the rappers, I selectively examine compositionsdeemed most pertinent to this work; i.e., those which highlight themes of ethnic and socialdiscrimination, urban violence incited by drug trafficking and murder, police corruption andbrutality, the negligence of the State in its role to uphold public order, political corruption,excessive consumerism as a marker of capitalism and social segregation, and finally, theprocesses which provoke the suffering and impoverishment of the country.This project explores the pedagogical roles of the discourse of RAP, examining proposalsvoiced from the artist designating himself as the spokesperson of the periphery, mostlyassessing the often contradictory proposals of the voice representing the margins, developingand empowering identitarian points of reference. I place special emphasis on representationsof the black artist in this process. To this end, the dissertation reflects upon the eminently oralnature of the compositions, founding a sociolect which manages to constitute itself as one ofthe principal identitarian referents of the community as a while simultaneously cultivatingresistance against hegemonic forms imposed by the center. / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo propor uma discussão acerca dos processos deconstrução identitária do sujeito negro na sociedade brasileira atual, a partir do exame dasimagens projetadas pelo RAP brasileiro no transcurso temporal de vinte anos (1990-2010). Ofoco central perpassa, ainda, uma investigação sobre a temática das “minorias” e os conceitosque lhes são atribuídos, os projetos de “resistência” que fazem com que essas “minorias”permaneçam fechadas e protegidas em “guetos” e eventuais propostas de transposição dasfronteiras entre o centro e a periferia.O RAP, constituído a partir dos elementos “ritmo e poesia” (do inglês rhythm and poetry),está vinculado a uma longa tradição histórica que revisita e reelabora cantos, danças ebatuques da cultura negra africana desde o século XVI. Na esteira dessa tradição, o RAPsurge na Jamaica e nos Estados Unidos na década de 1960, chegando ao Brasil no final dosanos 1980.Neste trabalho, um capítulo inicial apresenta as origens do RAP e suas relações com o HipHop e os movimentos negros, procurando contextualizar essa produção e fornecer elementospara visualizar o panorama do RAP no Brasil. O corpo da tese é dedicado à análise de letrascompostas por quatro artistas do segmento RAP: o grupo Racionais MC’s, de São Paulo, e osrappers MV Bill, do Rio de Janeiro, GOG, de Brasília, e Piá, de Porto Alegre.A tese está dividida em quatro capítulos, cada um dedicado a apresentar as especificidadesdos artistas inseridos em suas respectivas Regiões do Brasil, a produção musical dos rapperse uma análise das composições julgadas mais pertinentes, destacando a temática dadiscriminação étnica e social, da violência urbana envolvendo o tráfico de drogas e açõeshomicidas, da violência e corrupção de policiais, da omissão e da negligência do Estado comogestor da ordem pública, da corrupção na política, do consumismo exacerbado como marcado capitalismo e da segregação social, além dos processos de miserabilização e de favelizaçãodo país.Esta pesquisa examina o caráter pedagógico do discurso do RAP, discutindo as propostas queemanam do enunciador que se apresenta como porta-voz da periferia. Analisa os projetos e ascontradições dessa voz periférica no processo de construção e de valorização das referênciasidentitárias da periferia e o lugar reservado ao negro nesse processo. Nesse sentido, debruçasesobre o caráter eminentemente oral das composições, dando origem a um socioleto quetermina por se constituir em um dos principais referentes identitários da comunidade, além derepresentar um recurso de resistência às formas hegemônicas impostas pelo centro.

The aim of this thesis is to give an insight on the problematics of colloquial language layer of Russian youth. The theoretical part is based on studies dealing with stylistic and sociolinguistic stratification of language. Further only colloquial formations are being dealt with, focusing on such concepts as "slang", "general slang" and "mat" and introducing ways of forming slang phrases. The practical part analyses written and oral text and subsequently acquired data is being compared and evaluated. The performed analysis illustrates how quickly the youth's slang is being updated and enriched with new expressions and which lexical units are being given preference by the older youth. The main contribution of this work is its relevance, as the research of this topic quickly becomes outdated.

This master thesis extends the main topic of the bachelor thesis Speech of the Computer Games Players (also by Eliška Schönbauerová) and it will further research a new type of sociolect; the speech of computer games players. This sociolect has been researched just on the basic level, and so the author seeks to focus on other, yet unexplored linguistic levels of said sociolect: morphology, word-formation, phonetics, lexicology, syntax and stylistics. The goal is to deeply explore and research gamers' sociolect and to better understand the process of adapting Anglicisms in the system of contemporary Czech language. The theoretical part is based on available professional literature. This thesis also contains materials gathered by the author from gamers or they are available online.

This thesis is an examination of the effects of translation into French and of adaptation for the stage, in English, on the dialogue of Philip Pullman’s novel Northern Lights (published in North America as The Golden Compass). The study focuses on the speech of Lyra, the novel’s protagonist, in terms of both its linguistic qualities and the functions it supports within the novel and the trilogy of which it forms part, His Dark Materials. The study aims to identify the ways in which not just the linguistic surface of fictional speech is affected by translation and adaptation but also the degree to which the roles played by the dialogue in the source text are reflected or transformed in the different versions. The unusual research design, involving a comparison of the effects of interlingual translation and intermedial adaptation on the same text, consists of two main elements. In the first quantitative section, the relative incidence of three variables is measured for the purposes of identifying how features of spoken style and non-standard variation are treated. This analysis is followed by a detailed qualitative evaluation of a small number of dialogue passages that exemplify the key linguistic features and likely textual functions of Lyra’s speech in the novel. The passages concerned are compared with equivalent stretches of dialogue in the French translation and the theatrical script. The study finds evidence to suggest that Pullman uses dialogue in support of characterisation, plot, and also ideological and intertextual concerns. All of these aspects are affected, in subtle but significant ways, by the different decisions made by the translator and the dramatist in respect of Lyra’s speech. The study also finds that aspects of both user-related and situation-related variation in fictional speech may be worthy of further research.