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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 576376 bytes, checksum: d74293391ba47747a86e06f1970a2a4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research deals with the preposition Para and its variants in the talk of the town of Araguatins-TO, by the Theory of Variation. It is intended mainly to observe how this change takes place, according to the literature it may occur as a function of social constraints on language. The 36 informants used in this research, were stratified equally, by gender, age and schooling. In this analysis, we tested the following groups of factors: phonological context following formal parallelism, pause, vibrant presence in the following item, sex, age and education. The main hypothesis was that the use of para variant pattern was the most observed among more educated people, while the non-standard variants of PRA and PA were more used by speakers of average or lower educaton , which was not confirmed. The factors that favor the use of variant pra prevalent variant, are following phonological context, education, age. The main results indicated by a binary analysis shows a profile to change, signaling the disappearance of this variation in pronunciation. Regarding the other variants, pra and pa , it was detected a phenomenon of stable variation in the speech of native in Araguatins-TO. / presente pesquisa trata da Preposição PARA e suas variantes no falar do nativo da cidade de Araguatins-TO, sob a luz da Teoria Variacionista. Buscou-se, sobretudo, observar de que forma essa variação se processa, pois de acordo com a literatura pode ocorrer tanto em função de condicionamentos sociais quanto linguísticos. Os 36 informantes utilizados, nesta pesquisa, foram estratificados, igualitariamente, em função do sexo, da faixa etária e da escolaridade. Nesta análise, foram testados os seguintes grupos de fatores: contexto fonológico seguinte, paralelismo formal, pausa, presença de vibrante no item seguinte, sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade. A hipótese principal era de que o uso da variante padrão PARA seria a mais observada entre pessoas mais escolarizadas, enquanto que as variantes não-padrão PRA e PA seriam mais usadas em falantes de escolaridade média ou baixa, o que não foi confirmado. Os fatores que favorecem o uso da variante pra , variante predominante, são: contexto fonológico seguinte, escolaridade, faixa etária. Os principais resultados obtidos por uma análise binária indicam perfil de mudança de para, sinalizando um desaparecimento desta variante na oralidade. Com relação às outras variantes, pra e pa, detectou-se um fenômeno de variação estável na fala do nativo de Araguatins-TO.

This dissertation presents a description and analysis of local variation of Quechua in the Huaylas Valley from speakers’ and linguistic perspectives. This research focuses on the comparative study of Quechua spoken in the Huaylas Valley, located in the north-central Peruvian Andes, which exhibits interesting variation in the phonological, morphological and lexical levels. For the analysis I have used methodologies of descriptive, comparative and historical linguistics, and methods of sociolinguistics. Thus, the study of Quechua language variation in this region in relation to pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary is contrasted and complemented with speakers’ perception about their variety and other variants. Quechua-speaking areas are surveyed by grouping provinces, and are delineated on maps according to distribution of phonological and morphological isoglosses, and vocabulary as well as Quechua speakers’ perception. The two main dialectal areas are: (1) South Huaylas or Hallqa spoken in the provinces of Huaraz, Recuay, and south of Carhuaz, which is characterized, basically, by the retention of the phoneme /h/ at the word initial position. (2) North Huaylas or Quechua spoken in the provinces of Huaylas, Yungay, and north-central part of Carhuaz, which is characterized by the deletion of *h > ø at the word initial position. The division line is located around the Marcara river by the White Mountain side, and Huasca Uran ravine by the Black Mountain side, in the Marcara district, Carhuaz. Within each major variety there are other minor varieties, which are distinguished on the basis of morphophonemic variation of suffixes: ablative, first person inclusive, and the conjectural enclitic. / text

This study analyzes negative particle variation (i.e., the variable presence or absence of the negative particle ne) in synchronous French chat discourse within a labovian-inspired framework. Selected morphosyntactic, lexical, and phonological constraints are considered. Multivariate analyses performed by GoldVarb 2001 revealed that subject type (i.e., NP, [- overt] subject environment, pronoun) and the phonological environment preceding the position of neregardless of its presence or absenceare determining factors in the variation. In addition, discursive-pragmatic effect was explored in a sub-sample of data. The results indicate that ne is seldom present in verbal negation during explanatory discourse style, yet it is very likely to be retained in ludic, emphatic, and proverbial styles.

With nearly two billion speakers across the world, English has come to exist in all shapes and colors. Many functions and contexts in which English is found in the world are accounted for in the massive scientific effort to document the language’s global development. World English, New Englishes, and English as a Lingua Franca are concepts that aim to explain the different forms that the language takes in different countries. This paper explores the global development of English in its Swedish form, but shifts focus from second language English speakers to the native speakers of English who grow up in Sweden with parents from English-speaking countries. With most of the Swedish population being highly proficient in English, native English speakers in Sweden are more exposed to non-native English varieties spoken by second language speakers than the varieties used in their heritage countries. To understand how they are affected by their non-native environment, I interviewed seven students from an English heritage language instruction class at a Swedish upper secondary school. The 16- and 17-year-old students had parents from USA, UK, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand, and unique stories about their experiences with the English language. Each student was interviewed individually and asked questions about their language abilities, their varieties, and their connections to their heritage countries. Information about their linguistic and biographical backgrounds was used to analyze the differences in their perspectives. The students considered it a great advantage that their native language was so widely spread, but they acknowledged that it to some extent led to them being disconnected from their heritage cultures, in some cases more than others.

O presente estudo verificou em que medida a palatalização das oclusivas alveolares se aplica e quais são seus condicionamentos lingüísticos e sociais na comunidade de Forqueta, Caxias do Sul (RS). A análise de regra variável de dados de 16 entrevistas sociolingüísticas de informantes de 4 capelas de Forqueta revelou uma freqüência total de palatalização de 28%, sendo os jovens moradores da capela de São Roque os condicionadores da regra, bem como vogal não-derivada, consoante-alvo (da regra) surda em sílaba pretônica, consoantes labial e lábiodental e vogal seguintes, e vogal central precedente. Através de análise qualitativa, interpretou-se o papel favorecedor da capela de São Roque como resultado da tendência da localidade de abrir-se a inovações sociais e econômicas. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-21T16:42:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Cristina Mauri.pdf: 7468312 bytes, checksum: 369cd5e7c51006672802fd6ca8f36c02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-21T16:42:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Cristina Mauri.pdf: 7468312 bytes, checksum: 369cd5e7c51006672802fd6ca8f36c02 (MD5) / The present study verified the social and linguistic conditioning of the palatalization of dental stops in Forqueta, Caxias do Sul (RS). The total frequency of rule application is 28%. The process is favored by young people, inhabitants of one of its suburbs, São Roque, underlying high vowel, voiceless target consonant, pretonic syllable, following labial and labiodental consonants and vowel, and preceding central vowel. The favoring role of São Roque was interpreted as a tendency of the suburb to innovate its social and economic practices.

O presente estudo verificou em que medida a palatalização das oclusivas alveolares se aplica e quais são seus condicionamentos lingüísticos e sociais na comunidade de Forqueta, Caxias do Sul (RS). A análise de regra variável de dados de 16 entrevistas sociolingüísticas de informantes de 4 capelas de Forqueta revelou uma freqüência total de palatalização de 28%, sendo os jovens moradores da capela de São Roque os condicionadores da regra, bem como vogal não-derivada, consoante-alvo (da regra) surda em sílaba pretônica, consoantes labial e lábiodental e vogal seguintes, e vogal central precedente. Através de análise qualitativa, interpretou-se o papel favorecedor da capela de São Roque como resultado da tendência da localidade de abrir-se a inovações sociais e econômicas. / The present study verified the social and linguistic conditioning of the palatalization of dental stops in Forqueta, Caxias do Sul (RS). The total frequency of rule application is 28%. The process is favored by young people, inhabitants of one of its suburbs, São Roque, underlying high vowel, voiceless target consonant, pretonic syllable, following labial and labiodental consonants and vowel, and preceding central vowel. The favoring role of São Roque was interpreted as a tendency of the suburb to innovate its social and economic practices.

This study is an investigation into sociolinguistic variation in a second language. More specifically, it is an investigation into the extent to which speakers of English as a second language acquire particular features of the variety of English they are exposed to. The speakers in question are Polish migrants, and the variety of English is that found in Manchester, a city in the North West of England.The research uses data gathered from 41 participants who have been in Manchester for various lengths of time and who came to the UK for a wide range of reasons. The aim was to explore the extent to which local accent features are acquired by second language English speakers, and the linguistic and social factors which influence this acquisition. Methodologically, the research draws on practices from variationist sociolinguistics, but by using them in a second language context, the study has the additional aim of developing the link between these two areas of study. Four linguistic features were identified, on the basis of them each exhibiting local variants that differ from any pedagogical model of English the speakers will have been exposed to in Poland. All four demonstrated some degree of change towards the local variants in the speech of many of the participants, but to greatly differing degrees. Multiple regression analyses helped to determine which factors might be influencing the patterns of variation, with the social constraints of length of residence, level of English, gender, attitude, and identity among those believed to be playing a part. The thesis ends with a discussion exploring the implications of the findings in terms of existing and future research, and looks at how they might usefully be applied to situations outside that of academic linguistics.

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