La conception des bâtiments selon le code sismique européen ne prend pas en compte les effets de l'interaction sol-structure (ISS). L'objectif de cette recherche est de proposer une technique de modélisation pour prendre en compte l’ISS et l'interaction structure-sol-structure (ISSS). L'approche de propagation unidirectionnelle d’une onde à trois composantes (1D-3C) est adoptée pour résoudre la réponse dynamique du sol. La technique de modélisation de propagation unidirectionnelle d'une onde à trois composantes est étendue pour des analyses d'ISS et ISSS. Un sol tridimensionnel (3D) est modélisé jusqu'à une profondeur fixée, où la réponse du sol est influencée par l’ISS et l’ISSS, et un modèle de sol 1-D est adopté pour les couches de sol plus profondes, jusqu'à l'interface sol-substrat. Le profil de sol en T est assemblé avec une ou plusieurs structures 3-D de type poteaux-poutres, à l’aide d’un modèle par éléments finis, pour prendre en compte, respectivement, l’ISS et l’ISSS dans la conception de bâtiments. La technique de modélisation 1DT-3C proposée est utilisée pour étudier les effets d’ISS et analyser l'influence d'un bâtiment proche (l'analyse d’ISSS), dans la réponse sismique des structures poteaux-poutres. Une analyse paramétrique de la réponse sismique des bâtiments en béton armé est développée et discutée pour identifier les paramètres clé du phénomène d’ISS, influençant la réponse structurelle, à introduire dans la conception de bâtiments résistants aux séismes. La variation de l'accélération maximale en haut du bâtiment avec le rapport de fréquence bâtiment / sol est tracée pour plusieurs bâtiments, chargés par un mouvement à bande étroite, excitant leur fréquence fondamentale. Dans le cas de sols et de structures à comportement linéaire, une tendance similaire est obtenue pour différents bâtiments. Cela suggère l'introduction d'un coefficient correcteur du spectre de réponse de dimensionnement pour prendre en compte l’ISS. L'analyse paramétrique est répétée en introduisant l'effet de la non-linéarité du sol et du béton armé. La réponse sismique d'un bâtiment en béton armé est estimée en tenant compte de l'effet d'un bâtiment voisin, pour un sol et des structures à comportement linéaire, dans les deux cas de charge sismique à bande étroite excitant la fréquence fondamentale du bâtiment cible et du bâtiment voisin. Cette approche permet une analyse efficace de l'interaction structure-sol-structure pour la pratique de l'ingénierie afin d'inspirer la conception d'outils pour la réduction du risque sismique et l'organisation urbaine. / Building design according to European seismic code does not consider the effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI). The objective of this research is to propose a modeling technique for SSI and Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction (SSSI) analysis. The one-directional three-component (1D-3C) wave propagation approach is adopted to solve the dynamic soil response. The one-directional three-component wave propagation model is extended for SSI and SSSI analysis. A three-dimensional (3-D) soil is modeled until a fixed depth, where the soil response is influenced by SSI and SSSI, and a 1-D soil model is adopted for deeper soil layers until the soil-bedrock interface. The T-soil profile is assembled with one or more 3-D frame structures, in a finite element scheme, to consider, respectively, SSI and SSSI in building design. The proposed 1DT-3C modeling technique is used to investigate SSI effects and to analyze the influence of a nearby building (SSSI analysis), in the seismic response of frame structures. A parametric analysis of the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is developed and discussed to identify the key parameters of SSI phenomenon, influencing the structural response, to be introduced in earthquake resistant building design. The variation of peak acceleration at the building top with the building to soil frequency ratio is plotted for several buildings, loaded by a narrow-band motion exciting their fundamental frequency. In the case of linear behaving soil and structure, a similar trend is obtained for different buildings. This suggests the introduction of a corrective coefficient of the design response spectrum to take into account SSI. The parametric analysis is repeated introducing the effect of nonlinear behaving soil and RC. The seismic response of a RC building is estimated taking into account the effect of a nearby building, for linear behaving soil and structures, in both cases of narrow-band seismic loading exciting the fundamental frequency of the target and nearby building. This approach allows an easy analysis of structure-soil-structure interaction for engineering practice to inspire the design of seismic risk mitigation tools and urban organization.

<p>The full-scale base-isolated structure studied in this dissertation is the only base-isolated building in South Island of New Zealand. It sustained hundreds of earthquake ground motions from September 2010 and well into 2012. Several large earthquake responses were recorded in December 2011 by NEES@UCLA and by GeoNet recording station nearby Christchurch Women's Hospital. The primary focus of this dissertation is to advance the state-of-the art of the methods to evaluate performance of seismic-isolated structures and the effects of soil-structure interaction by developing new data processing methodologies to overcome current limitations and by implementing advanced numerical modeling in OpenSees for direct analysis of soil-structure interaction.</p><p>This dissertation presents a novel method for recovering force-displacement relations within the isolators of building structures with unknown nonlinearities from sparse seismic-response measurements of floor accelerations. The method requires only direct matrix calculations (factorizations and multiplications); no iterative trial-and-error methods are required. The method requires a mass matrix, or at least an estimate of the floor masses. A stiffness matrix may be used, but is not necessary. Essentially, the method operates on a matrix of incomplete measurements of floor accelerations. In the special case of complete floor measurements of systems with linear dynamics, real modes, and equal floor masses, the principal components of this matrix are the modal responses. In the more general case of partial measurements and nonlinear dynamics, the method extracts a number of linearly-dependent components from Hankel matrices of measured horizontal response accelerations, assembles these components row-wise and extracts principal components from the singular value decomposition of this large matrix of linearly-dependent components. These principal components are then interpolated between floors in a way that minimizes the curvature energy of the interpolation. This interpolation step can make use of a reduced-order stiffness matrix, a backward difference matrix or a central difference matrix. The measured and interpolated floor acceleration components at all floors are then assembled and multiplied by a mass matrix. The recovered in-service force-displacement relations are then incorporated into the OpenSees soil structure interaction model.</p><p>Numerical simulations of soil-structure interaction involving non-uniform soil behavior are conducted following the development of the complete soil-structure interaction model of Christchurch Women's Hospital in OpenSees. In these 2D OpenSees models, the superstructure is modeled as two-dimensional frames in short span and long span respectively. The lead rubber bearings are modeled as elastomeric bearing (Bouc Wen) elements. The soil underlying the concrete raft foundation is modeled with linear elastic plane strain quadrilateral element. The non-uniformity of the soil profile is incorporated by extraction and interpolation of shear wave velocity profile from the Canterbury Geotechnical Database. The validity of the complete two-dimensional soil-structure interaction OpenSees model for the hospital is checked by comparing the results of peak floor responses and force-displacement relations within the isolation system achieved from OpenSees simulations to the recorded measurements. General explanations and implications, supported by displacement drifts, floor acceleration and displacement responses, force-displacement relations are described to address the effects of soil-structure interaction.</p> / Dissertation

Les sols argileux peuvent présenter des variations importantes de volume lors d’un changement hydrique, tel une période de sécheresse. Ce phénomène de retrait-gonflement des sols argileux est à l’origine de nombreux préjudices aux bâtis ce qui le situe, après les inondations, au second rang des aléas naturels français en matière de coût des dommages : 5 milliard d’euros entre 1988 et 2007. Les maisons individuelles sont les plus touchées par ce phénomène qui provoque un tassement différentiel du bâti à l’origine de sa dégradation (fissures dans les éléments de maçonnerie non armée en particulier). L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier la vulnérabilité des bâtis vis-à-vis de l’aléa retrait-gonflement à travers une analyse de l’interaction sol-structure. Ce travail s’est porté sur les trois grands volets suivants : 1 - le comportement hydromécanique des sols argileux, 2 - l’interaction sol-structure, 3 - l’évaluation des dommages structuraux. Le comportement hydromécanique des sols argileux a été modélisé par le concept de surface d’état et intégré dans un modèle d’interaction sol-structure inspiré du modèle de Winkler, avec des approches de plus en plus complexes : cas unidimensionnel tout d’abord, 2D ensuite en assimilant la structure à une poutre, puis en 3D en représentant la structure par une plaque. Ces modèles d’interaction sol-structure permettent de calculer la déflexion relative d’un bâti, en fonction d’une valeur de succion imposée et des propriétés mécaniques ou hydromécaniques de la structure et du sol d’assise. La déflexion relative du bâti est alors comparée à des valeurs seuils afin d’évaluer le dommage.La dernière partie de cette thèse consiste en une étude de faisabilité pour le développement de courbes de vulnérabilités adaptées à la problématique du retrait gonflement. Ces courbes représentent la moyenne des dommages d’un type de bâti conçu sur un type de sol gonflant pour une valeur de succion imposée. Ces courbes ont été développées à partir d’une typologie des sols gonflants et d’une typologie des bâtis issue des bases de données des maisons sinistrées. La moyenne des dommages est calculée par la méthode de Monte-Carlo, en prenant en compte la variabilité des paramètres du bâti. / Clayey soils can present large volumetric deformations in response of water content change. This phenomenon of shrinkage and swelling of clayey soils is recognized as a costly natural hazard throughout the world. In France, this cost is reported between 1988 and 2007 to 5 million Euros, ranking in second class of the French natural hazards in terms of cost of damage after the floods. The individual masonry buildings with shallow foundations are the most affected by this phenomenon that causes a differential settlement of the building leading to cracks in facades and structural elements, especially in unreinforced masonry elements.The objective of this thesis was to study the vulnerability of the building, against the shrink-swell hazard through an analysis of soil-structure interaction. This work was focused on three major points: - Hydro-mechanical behavior of clay soils - Soil-structure interaction - Evaluation of structural damage.The hydro-mechanical behavior of clay soils was considered by the concept of state surface and integrated into a soil-structure interaction model, based on the Winkler model, with increasingly complex approaches: 1D, 2D and 3D by modeling the building behavior respectively by a spring system, the beam element and the plate element. These models of soil-structure interaction are able to calculate the relative deflection of the building, according to the values of imposed suction, mechanical properties of the structure and hydro-mechanical properties of the soil. The relative deflection of the building is then compared to threshold values of the classical damage categories to assess the building damage.Finally a feasibility study was conducted on the development of vulnerability curves adapted to the problem of shrinkage – swelling of clayey soils. These curves represent the average of structural damage versus suction, for each type of building. These curves were developed based on a classification of expansive soils and a building typology outcome from databases of affected buildings. The average damage is calculated by the Monte-Carlo method, taking into account the variability of the building parameters.

Neste trabalho é realizado um estudo da sensibilidade de estruturas de paredes de concreto moldadas no local quanto à deslocabilidade dos seus apoios, a fim de determinar sua influência na redistribuição dos esforços nos elementos estruturais. Para tanto, utiliza-se um modelo de referência, que discretiza a superestrutura através de elementos finitos de casca e avalia a interação solo-estrutura através de métodos iterativos, que consideram a rigidez da edificação, a heterogeneidade do solo e o efeito de grupo das fundações. Para quantificar e avaliar os efeitos da interação solo-estrutura realiza-se um estudo paramétrico, em que a influência do tipo de fundação (profunda ou superficial), número de pavimentos (cinco, dez e quinze) e a forma da edificação (quadrada e alongada) são avaliadas. Um modelo simplificado de análise estrutural, em que a interação solo-estrutura é considerada e as paredes de concreto são discretizadas por elementos de barra, acima do segundo pavimento, foi proposto e avaliado, por meio de comparações com os resultados do seu respectivo modelo de referência. Por fim, foram discutidas as implicações e a importância da consideração do efeito da deslocabilidade dos apoios e feitas recomendações sobre a modelagem simplificada. Observa-se: alívio dos apoios com maiores recalques, tendência de uniformização dos recalques, maior influência nas paredes inferiores e suficiência dos cincos primeiros pavimentos na definição de rigidez solo/estrutura. / In this paper, a sensitivity study was carried out of concrete reinforced walls molded on site regarding the displaceability of their supports, in order to determine their influence on the redistribution of internal forces in structural elements. In order to do this, a reference model was used, which discretizes the superstructure using shell finite elements and evaluates the soil-structure interaction by iterative methods that consider the rigidity of the building, the soil heterogeneity and the group effect of foundations. To quantify and assess the effects of soil-structure interaction, a parametric study was carried out in which the influence of the type of foundation (deep or shallow), number of floors (five, ten and fifteen) and the shape of the building (square, elongated) are evaluated. A simplified model of the structural analysis, in which the soil-structure interaction is considered and the concrete walls are discretized by bar elements, above the second floor, was proposed and evaluated by comparing its respective reference model with the results. Finally, the implications and the importance of considering the effect of displaceability of the supports were discussed and recommendations were made about the simplified modeling. The analysis denotes: relief of reactions on supports with larger settlements, tendency of settlements standardization, larger influence on the lower walls and that the first five floors are enough to define the relative soil/structure stiffness.

Interação solo-estrutura é o objeto de estudo deste trabalho. O principal objetivo é verificar a verdadeira importância desse fenômeno na análise estrutural de edifícios usuais em concreto armado sobre fundações diretas. Inicialmente apresenta-se um estudo sobre o comportamento do solo. Logo após são descritos os processos de dimensionamento de fundações superficiais, com base na NBR 6122 (1996). Descrevem-se em seguida os elementos barra e sapata rígida, utilizados na modelagem do sistema superestrutura-subestrutura-maciço de solos. Discute-se a modificação do elemento sapata rígida, que representa fundação e solo, para a consideração de uma camada indeslocável no interior do solo. De acordo com a teoria apresentada, dois exemplos são submetidos a duas análises, com ou sem a consideração da interação sol-estrutura, para que os resultados sejam comparados. Aplicam-se separadamente as ações verticais e horizontais. A influência duma camada indeslocável no interior do solo e os efeitos da seqüência construtiva dos edifícios também são analisados. / Soil-structure interaction is the subject of this work. The foremost aim is to verify the real importance of that phenomenon on the structural analysis of usual reinforced concrete buildings on shallow foundations. At first, it is presented a study of soil behaviour. Design procedures of shallow foundations based on NBR 6122 (1996) are described afterwards. Then, the beam and rigid footing elements, used for modelling the superstructure-infrastructure-foundation soil system, are described. It is discussed the modification of the rigid footing element, which represents foundation and soil, to consider a rigid layer within soil. According to the theory above presented, two examples are subjected to two analysis, with or without the consideration of soil-structure interaction, in order to compare the results. Vertical and horizontal loads are separately applied. The influence of a rigid layer within soil and the effects of the sequence of buildings construction are also analysed.

O trabalho propõe avaliação das respostas de esforços e deslocamentos de edifícios 3D considerando a interação solo-fundação-estrutura usando o conceito de Confiabilidade Estrutural. Para isso, empregam-se os Métodos dos Elementos Finitos (MEF) para a análise de estruturas e os métodos de Monte Carlo Simples (MCS) e First Order Second Moment (FOSM) para calcular sua segurança perante a inserção de variabilidade em certos parâmetros significativos no projeto, como as incertezas dos dados de rigidez do solo e a velocidade de vento. A formulação do edifício é baseada no MEF com elementos de barra e de casca, sendo as vigas, pilares e estacas elementos de barra e as sapatas em elementos de casca. Essa formulação é elastostática, mas permitindo a analise não-linear geométrica para os pilares. O solo é representado pelo modelo discreto de Winkler, o qual substitui sua influência contínua por molas pontuais com rigidezes equivalentes, tanto para a fundação rasa (sapatas isoladas) como para profunda (estacas). Com os resultados obtidos pelos modelos gerados, são feitas discussões e comparações com os métodos tradicionais de avaliação do fenômeno de recalque diferencial confrontando limites de índices de confiabilidade apresentados no Joint Committee on Structural Safety (JCSS, 2001) e os valores absolutos propostos pela literatura com base na Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, ABNT, NBR6122: Projeto e execução de fundações (2010). Realiza-se também a análise de Estado Limite Último de pilares submetidos a flexo-compressão oblíqua com não linearidade física, de modo a avaliar o dimensionamento com fatores de segurança parciais da NBR 8681: Ações e segurança nas estruturas - Procedimento (2004) e Métodos de Confiabilidade Estrutural. / This work proposes the evaluation for the effects of forces and displacements about 3D buildings considering the soil-foundation-structure interaction using the concept of Structural Reliability. To do so, it is applied the Finite Elements Method (FEM) for the structural analysis and Simple Monte Carlo Method (SMC) and the First Order Second Moment (FOSM) to calculate its safety towards the application of variability at certain significant parameters of the project, as the uncertainness about the data of soil stiffness and wind speed. The building\'s formulation is based on the FEM with framed bars and shell elements, being beams, columns and piles as beam elements and the footings as shell elements. That formulation is elastostatic, although permits a non-linear geometric analysis for the columns. The soil is represented by the discrete Winkler\'s model, in which substitutes its continuum influence by nodal springs with equivalent stiffness, such as for shallow foundations (isolated footings), as for deep foundations (piles). With the results obtained by the generated models, discussions are done and comparisons about traditional method to evaluate the phenomenon of the differential settlement confronting the limits of the reliability presents in the Joint Committee on Structural Safety (JCSS,2001) and the absolute values proposed by the literature based on the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards, ABNT, NBR6122: Project and execution of foundations (2010). An analysis about the Ultimate Limit State of columns submitted by flexo-compression with physical non-linearity it is also performed, so that to compare the design with partial safety factors of the NBR 8681: Action and safety on structures - Proceedings (2004) and structural reliability methods.

Apresenta-se uma ferramenta para análise de edifícios de concreto armado assentados sobre sapatas, capaz de avaliar os efeitos decorrentes da deformabilidade do maciço de solos nas peças da superestrutura (lajes, vigas e pilares) e nos elementos estruturais de fundação (EEF). O software possibilita uma análise mais refinada das solicitações e, conseqüentemente, do real comportamento mecânico da estrutura. O programa ISE (Interação Solo-Estrutura), desenvolvido em linguagem FORTRAN, realiza o cálculo dos deslocamentos segundo o método proposto por Aoki & Lopes em 1975, que por sua vez faz uso das equações apresentadas por Mindlin em 1936, com base na teoria da elasticidade. Devido à grande variabilidade, o solo é tratado como meio heterogêneo, recorrendo-se ao procedimento sugerido por Steinbrenner, em 1934, para cálculo de recalques em meios estratificados. O método dos elementos finitos (MEF) é empregado na modelgagem dos EEF como elementos de casca planos, para determinação das componentes de deslocamento u, v e w. A compatibilização de deslocamentos, na região de contato entre a superfície de assentamento e a face inferior das sapatas, é condição necessária e suficiente para garantir o equilíbrio e a continuidade. Com o intuito de tornar mais amigável o uso do código computacional, é criada uma interface gráfica em Delphi e gerado um arquivo com extensão DXF, possibilitando a visualização da geometria do sistema de fundação. A elaboração de exemplos comprova a validade da formulação desenvolvida, por meio da comparação com resultados de outras metodologias presentes na literatura / This work presents a tool for reinforced concrete building based in direct foundation analysis able to evaluate effects in the superstructure constituent (slab, beams and columns) and foundation structural elements (FSE) resulting from soil deformability, making possible an efforts sophisticated analysis and real mechanical behavior of the structure. The program SSI (Soil-Structure Interaction), developed in FORTRAN language, calculates displacements increases by the Aoki & Lopes’s method. Proposed in 1975, the method uses de Mindlin’s equations showed in 1936 and based in the theory of elasticity. Due great variability, the soil is treated like a heterogeneous medium, appealing to the Steinbrenner proceeding suggested in 1934, for the estimate of displacements in multilayers medium. The finite element method (FEM) is used in FSE modeling as shell elements for determination of displacements components u, v and w. The displacements compatibilization in contact zone between surface support and FSE below side is necessary and sufficient condition for equilibrium guarantee and continuity. Turning more friendly the software use, a graphical interface, in Delphi, is made and created a DXF file, making possible the geometry visualization of foundation system. The examples elaboration prove the developed formulation validity through results comparison with others methodologies

Nesta pesquisa estudou-se a influência de recalques em edifícios de alvenaria estrutural. Inicialmente os efeitos desses deslocamentos foram avaliados por meio de uma investigação numérica preliminar. A partir das análises realizadas foram definidos alguns casos mais interessantes de painéis constituídos por parede de alvenaria sobre viga de concreto armado para serem submetidos a ensaios em laboratório. Desta forma foi possível observar experimentalmente o comportamento desses painéis, variando-se alguns dos parâmetros mais importantes: existência e tipo de abertura e rigidez da viga. Além disso, foram avaliadas algumas alternativas para a minimização da fissuração. Utilizando os resultados experimentais, foram realizadas novas análises numéricas com o intuito de validar a modelagem adotada. Verificou-se em especial a importância de consideração da não-linearidade de contato. / In this research, the influence of settlements on structural masonry buildings has been studied. Initially the effect of these displacements was evaluated by means of a preliminary numerical investigation. From these analyses, some interesting cases of panels made of masonry wall on reinforced concrete beam were defined to be submitted to laboratory tests. Thus, it was possible to experimentally observe the behavior of these panels, varying some of the most important parameters: existence and type of opening and rigidity of the beam. Moreover, some cracking minimization alternatives have been evaluated. Using the experimental results, new numerical analyses have been performed to validate the modeling adopted. The importance of contact non-linearity consideration has been specially verified.

L'affouillement est l'arrachement et le transport des sédiments du lit d'un cours d'eau sous l'action érosive d'un écoulement hydraulique. Ce phénomène est accentué par la présence d'obstacles à l'écoulement, tels que les piles et culées de ponts, ou également les quais, les éoliennes et les oléoducs offshores dans un contexte maritime. La présence de fosses d'affouillement engendre une perte de la capacité portante de la structure et menace sa stabilité. Face à ce risque hydraulique, il est crucial de suivre en continu l'évolution de la profondeur d'affouillement au droit des ouvrages d'art et d'évaluer sa conséquence sur le comportement de la structure. Cette thèse est une contribution à l'utilisation de l'analyse vibratoire pour le suivi de l'affouillement, et à la compréhension des phénomènes d'interaction sol-structure mis en jeu. La démarche scientifique retenue intègre deux approches distinctes du suivi d'affouillement: indirecte et directe. L’approche indirecte a pour objectif le développement d'un capteur de profondeur d'affouillement (scour depth sensor SDS). Des études expérimentale et numérique ont été menées afin d'évaluer l'influence de l'affouillement, d'une part sur la réponse dynamique du capteur (fréquences, déformées modales et amortissement), d'autre part sur sa réponse statique sous chargement latéral. Sur la base des résultats obtenus, un modèle théorique de poutre équivalente a été proposé afin de lier la variation de la fréquence du capteur à la profondeur d'affouillement. L’approche directe s'intéresse à l'effet de l'affouillement sur la réponse dynamique de la structure elle-même. Des campagnes d'essais ont été menées sur des modèles réduits en canal hydraulique. Un intérêt particulier a été porté aux effets de la géométrie de la pile et de l'interaction pile-tablier. Un modèle analytique a été proposé pour prédire l'évolution de la fréquence des piles avec l'affouillement. Afin de valider ce modèle, ses résultats ont été comparés aux résultats des essais expérimentaux / Scour is the removal of riverbed sediments by the erosive action of flowing water. Scour depth is greater near structures as a result of the obstruction to the flow by bridge piers and abutments, or docks, wind turbines and offshore pipelines in a marine environment. The existence of scour holes may decrease the bearing capacity of the structure and threaten its stability. Therefore, it is crucial to develop monitoring techniques to track the evolution of scour depth in real-time and evaluate its consequences on the behaviour of the structure. This thesis is a contribution to the use of vibration based techniques for scour monitoring and provides an insight to the soil-structure interactions involved. Two proposed approaches can be distinguished in this study: indirect and direct. The indirect approach aims to develop a scour depth sensor (SDS). Experimental and numerical studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of scour, on the one hand, on the dynamic response of the sensor (frequencies, modal shapes, damping), on the other hand, on its static response under lateral loading. Based on the findings, a theoretical model of an equivalent cantilever beam was proposed to predict the variation of the sensor frequency as a function of scour depth. The direct approach focuses on the effect of scour on the structure itself. To this end, experimental campaigns were conducted on laboratory scale models tested in a flume. Particular attention was paid to the effect of the pile geometry and the pile-deck interaction. An analytical model was proposed to correlate the variation of the pier frequency to scour depth. Experimental and numerical results were compared to assess the model validity

Dans les analyses d'interaction sol-structure (ISS), la pratique commune en génie civil est de considérer un mouvement uniforme du champ libre à tous les points situés à la surface du sol. Néanmoins, cette considération n'est pas tout à fait réaliste parce que les signaux sismiques sont spatialement différents grâce à l'effet de passage d'ondes, à l'effet de site et aussi aux dispersions et réflexions des ondes qui propagent dans des milieux hétérogènes aléatoires ("incohérence pure"). Ainsi, pour répondre aux problèmes de sécurité des bâtiments et équipements, il est important de faire une analyse d'interaction sol-structure dans la manière plus réaliste. Cela peut être acquis par prendre en compte la variabilité spatiale du champ sismique dans les études d'ISS. Un grand nombre d'études dans la littérature montrent que la prise en compte de la variabilité spatiale du champ sismique dans les études d'ISS peut avoir des effets importants sur la réponse de structures. L'incohérence spatiale du champ sismique due aux dispersions et réflexions des ondes (incohérence pure) peut généralement être modélisée pour ce genre d'études dans le cadre probabiliste par une fonction de cohérence. Le but principal des études réalisées dans cette thèse de doctorat est de construire une description stochastique de la variabilité spatiale du champ sismique par un modèle de cohérence. Ce modèle devrait avoir une relation avec les propriétés physiques et statistiques de milieux considérés. En s'appuyant sur les analyses théoriques de la propagation des ondes sismiques dans des milieux hétérogènes aléatoires, les analyses des données expérimentales obtenues par des enregistrements sur des sites sismiques, ainsi que sur les modélisations numériques de propagation des ondes sismiques dans des milieux hétérogènes aléatoires, un modèle de cohérence est validé dans le cadre des études de cette thèse de doctorat pour représenter la variabilité spatiale du champ sismique dans les études d'interaction sol-structure. L'influence de la variabilité spatiale du champ sismique sur la réponse de structure est également analysée. / In seismic soil-structure interaction studies (SSI), the common practice in Civil Engineering is to consider a uniform movement of free field at any point on the ground surface. However, that assumption is not completely realistic since the seismic ground motions can vary spatially due to wave passage effects, dispersions and reflections of wave propagating in the random heterogeneous media "pure incoherence" and site effects. Therefore, in order to increase the security of buildings and equipment, it is important to do an analysis of seismic soil-structure interactions in the most realistic way. This can be achieved by taking into account the spatial variability of seismic ground motions. Several studies in the literature show that taking into account the spatial variability of seismic ground motions in SSI analyses can have remarkable effects on the structural responses. The spatial incoherence of seismic ground motions due to dispersions and reflections of wave "pure incoherence" can generally be modelled in such analysis by a "coherency function" in frequency domain. The principal goal of this Ph.D thesis is to construct a stochastic description of spatial variability of seismic ground motions by means of coherency functions. Accurately, it aims to propose a parametrical coherency model of spatial variability of seismic ground motions. This later should be related to some physical and statistical properties of the soil at the application sites so that it can be applied in any types of sites. Based on theoretical considerations on coherency of seismic wave propagation in random heterogeneous media, on experimental data analyses, and on numerical modelling of seismic wave propagation in random heterogeneous media, a coherency model is validated and proposed for the analyses of soil-structure interactions. The influence of spatial variability of seismic ground motions on the structural responses are also pointed out by using the validated coherency model.