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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Combustible solaire : caractérisation du mécanisme de transfert de charge dans des molécules photocatalytiques, vers la production de l'énergie par photosynthèse artificielle / Solar fuel : caracterisation of the charge transfert mechanism in photocatalytic molecules, to energy production by artificial photosynthesis

Mendes Marinho, Stéphanie 06 October 2017 (has links)
Développer de nouvelles sources d’énergie respectueuses de l’environnement est un des enjeux majeur de nos sociétés développées. Pour espérer la pérennité de notre espèce sur cette planète, il est indispensable de développer les sources d'énergie renouvelable ; permettant de nous affranchir de la dépendance aux énergies fossiles polluantes et dont les stocks s’épuisent. Il appartient aux scientifiques d’apporter leurs contributions à cet important défi que l’on appelle la transition énergétique et pour ça d’aider à développer une énergie idéale qui ne produirait pas de déchet polluant, serait très efficace et largement disponible. L'énergie solaire représente un excellent candidat car elle est de loin la plus abondante et prometteuse source d’énergie propre. D'importants efforts sont donc menés pour développer les technologies solaires, notamment la photosynthèse artificielle.La photosynthèse artificielle a vu le jour il y a une centaine d’années et fait l’objet de beaucoup d’intérêt et de recherche. Cette technologie cherche à imiter la photosynthèse naturelle réalisée par les plantes; et cela afin de stocker l’énergie provenant du Soleil dans des composés utilisables par l’Homme. La photosynthèse artificielle consiste en l’élaboration de systèmes synthétiques capables sous impulsion lumineuse de réaliser la décomposition de l’eau de manière catalytique, pour générer du dihydrogène ou des produits issus de la réduction du CO2, que l’on appelle combustibles solaires car à haut potentiel énergétique. En effet, la photosynthèse débute par la photo-catalyse de l’oxydation de l’eau, qui permet d’extirper les électrons et les protons des molécules d’eau. Ce sont ces électrons et protons qui seront utilisés par un catalyseur pour produire les combustibles solaires.Depuis peu, une véritable volonté de comprendre les mécanismes qui ont lieu lors de ces réactions catalysées semble apparaitre. Ces réactions mettent en jeu des transferts électroniques multiples photo-induits et cela rend leur étude assez compliquée. Grâce à des avancées technologiques importantes, nous avons étudié de manière plus approfondies plusieurs systèmes photo-catalytiques afin d’en tirer des savoirs permettant de rationaliser le design et d’améliorer les capacités des futurs systèmes développés. Ces avancées techniques ont été possibles grâce à des collaborations interdisciplinaires entre des chimistes et des physiciens et ont permis de développer un montage d’absorption transitoire « double-pump» afin de caractériser les espèces transitoires formées et de retracer les mécanismes lors de deux transferts électroniques photo-induits successifs.Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, de nouveaux catalyseurs ont été développé pour la réaction de photo-catalyse de l’oxydation de l’eau. La majorité des études menées jusqu’ici sur le sujet ont porté sur des systèmes moléculaires, mais le manque de robustesse et de réutilisabilité des catalyseurs homogènes a poussé la recherche vers le domaine des matériaux. Ainsi depuis une quarantaine d’années des systèmes photo-catalytiques hétérogènes ont été développé. Nous avons explorés deux types de matériaux, des nanoparticules catalyseurs dans des systèmes photo-catalytiques, et des polymères qui à eux seuls sont capables de réaliser l’ensemble des fonctions nécessaires à la photo-catalyse d’une réaction telle que l’oxydation de l’eau sous irradiation de lumière visible.Ainsi au cours de cette thèse nous avons tenté par deux approches d’avancer les connaissances et le développement de la photosynthèse artificielle. Une solution encore peu développée au problème énergétique auquel notre société fait face est le recours aux combustibles solaires, et il est grand temps que la recherche avance et que la transition énergétique s’impose plus efficacement et largement. / Developpment of environment-friendly sources of energy is one of the stakes major for our societies. To hope for the sustainability of Humans on Earth, it is essential to change our consumer habits on energetics by breaking our dependance on fossil fuels, which use leads to ecological desasters and which stocks are running out. The key of this important challenge is the growth of renewable energy sources, and this is called energy transition. The ideal energy would not produce any polluting waste, would be efficient and widely available. Solar energy is an excellent candidate because it is by far the most abundant and promising source of clean energy. Thus, important efforts are made to developp the solar technologies, including artificial photosynthesis.Artificial photosynthesis was created a century ago and is the focus of many interests and researchs. This technology aims at mimicking the natural photosynthesis realized by plants ; and that in order to store the energy coming from the Sun irriadiation in compounds that can be used at demand. Artificial photosynthesis consists in the elaboration of synthetic systems able under light impulsion to realize the water splitting/decomposition reactions in a catalytique way, generating hydrogène or CO2 reduction products, which are called solar fuels thanks to their high energetic potentials. Indeed, photosynthesis begins with the photo-catalysis of water oxidation, which extirpates the electrons and protons of water molecules. And it is these electrons and protons which will be used to produce the solar fuels.Recently, a real commitment to understand deaply the mechanisms that take place during these catalysed reactions seems to appear. These transformations involve multiple photo-induced electron transfers and it returns their study relatively complicated. Thanks to technological breakthroughs, we studied in a thorough way several photocatalytic systems to draw knowledges ; allowing the rationalisation of the design and then the efficiency improvement of future developped systems. These technical advances were possible thanks to interdisciplinary collaborations between chemists and physicists and led to the developpment of a set-up of « double-pump » transient absorption, that enables to characterize the transient species formed and to track down the pathways during two successive photoinduced electron transfers.In the second part of this work, new catalysts were developped for the photocatalysis of water oxidation reaction. The big majority of the studies led so far on this subject concerned molecular systems, but the lack of robustness and reusability of homogeneous catalysts pushed the research towards materials area. Since about forty years, heterogeneous systems were developped for photocatalysis of several reactions. We explored two types of materials, nanoparticules as catalyst in photocatalytic systems ; and polymers that are able on their own to realize all the functions required for the photocatalysis of a reaction such as water oxidation under visible light irradiation.Thus, during this PhD we tried by two approaches to increase the knowledges and the development of artificial photosynthesis. A solution that is still under-developped to fix the energetic issue our society is facing to, is the use of solar fuels ; and it’s imperative for the research to move forward and that energy transition prevails more effectively and widely.
12

Concentrated solar chemistry: design stage theoretical thermodynamic analysis of an iron-ethylene production process

Sheline, William Robert 09 May 2013 (has links)
Although concentrated solar power can be used to produce power using traditional electricity generation, energy storage has become a problem due to the intermittent supply of solar energy. By using solar energy in chemical production processes, the solar energy can be stored in a useful chemical product. The purpose of this thesis will be to examine the possibilities of a new solar chemical cycle the produces iron and ethylene from hematite (a form of iron oxide) and ethane using concentrated solar power. These two products are important stepping stones in the production of steel and polymers. This process could allow for the current process of steel production to move away from processes using coal and towards a more sustainable process using the hydrogen formed from the ethane cracking process and solar energy. The thesis will include: (1) the development of a new solar powered iron and ethylene combined cycle, (2) a feasibility study of a Concentrated Solar Heat Supply System (CSHSS) being developed at Georgia Tech, and (3) an assessment of the proposed cycle. The assessment will include an estimate of production including a thermodynamic ASPEN model, assessment of research to realize actualization of the theoretical cycle, an exergy analysis, and a heat exchanger analysis for the exchange of heat between the CSHSS and the chemical process.
13

Conversion photocatalytique du CO2 sur monolithes poreux / CO2 photocatalytic conversion through porous monoliths

Bernadet, Sophie 30 November 2018 (has links)
Dans le contexte actuel de développement de nouvelles sources d'énergie non fossiles tout en minimisant l'impact environnemental, la production de carburants solaires par la valorisation des émissions anthropiques de CO2 apparaît comme une solution à fort potentiel. Le principal défi dans les processus artificiels photo-induits concerne le caractère bidimensionnel des systèmes utilisés, en raison de la faible profondeur de pénétration des photons. Ce travail de thèse se concentre sur le développement de mousses solides alvéolaires, issues de la chimie intégrative, présentant une porosité hiérarchiquement organisée. A travers l’imprégnation de précurseurs de TiO2, des photocatalyseurs autosupportés ont été synthétisés et ont montré une augmentation de la pénétration des photons d’un ordre de grandeur. D’autre part, ces solides limitent les réactions inverses par un effet de dilution, tout en assurant une sélectivité élevée envers la génération d'alcanes. Un modèle cinétique, basé sur un formalisme mixte de Langmuir-Hinshelwood et Eley-Rideal, est proposé pour décrire le comportement des matériaux. / In the current context of developing novel non-fossil energy sources while minimizing the environmental impact, solar-driven-fuel-production by exploiting anthropogenic CO2 emissions appears to be a solution with great potential. The main challenge in artificial photo-induced processes concerns the two-dimensional character of the systems used, due to the low photon penetration depth. This thesis work focuses on the development of alveolar solid foams, derived from integrative chemistry and bearing a hierarchically organized porosity. By TiO2 precursor impregnation, self-standing photocatalysts were synthesized and provided a photon penetration increase by an order of magnitude. Moreover, these solids limit back-reactions by a dilution effect, while ensuring high selectivity towards alkane generations. A kinetic model, based on a mixed formalism of Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal, is proposed to describe material behavior.
14

Metal-Organic Frameworks as Heterogenous Photocatalysts for the Production of Solar Fuels

Cabrero Antonino, María 09 November 2021 (has links)
[ES] La presente tesis doctoral se ha basado en el estudio del uso de MOFs como fotocatalizadores para la producción de combustibles solares. Específicamente, los fotocatalizadores basados en MOF se han utilizado para la reacción de descomposición del agua y la reducción de CO2 en ausencia de agentes de sacrificio o disolventes orgánicos. MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 se puede utilizar como fotocatalizador para la reacción de descomposición del agua en presencia de UV-Vis o irradiación natural de la luz solar. La actividad de este material se puede potenciar mediante el uso de Pt y NPs de RuOx como co-catalizadores. Además, la actividad fotocatalítica de MIL 125(Ti)-NH2 se puede mejorar mediante un tratamiento de plasma de oxígeno que introduce defectos estructurales dando lugar a un material optimizado para catalizar la reacción de descomposición del agua. La presente tesis ha mostrado por primera vez la posibilidad de utilizar MOFs como fotocatalizadores para la metanación de CO2. En particular, un Zn-MOF y un Ti-MOF, MOF(Zn)-1 y MIP 208 respectivamente, se pueden utilizar como fotocatalizadores para promover la metanación de CO2 en condiciones de reacción suaves. Además, la actividad fotocatalítica de estos MOFs se incrementa en presencia de pequeñas NPs de Cu2O y, especialmente, por NPs de RuOx en la estructura de estos materiales. Es de destacar que el material compuesto por NPs de RuOx soportadas en MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 puede considerarse un fotocatalizador de referencia para la metanación de CO2 mediada por energía solar y en flujo continuo. / [CA] La present tesi doctoral s'ha basat en l'estudi de l'ús de MOFs com a fotocatalitzadors per a la producció de combustibles solars. Específicament, els fotocatalitzadors basats en MOF s'han utilitzat per a la reacció de descomposició de l'aigua i la reducció de CO¿ en absència d'agents de sacrifici o dissolvents orgànics. MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 es pot utilitzar com fotocatalitzador per a la reacció de descomposició de l'aigua sota UV-Vis o irradiació natural de la llum solar i la seua activitat pot ser augmentada mitjançant l'ús de Pt i NPs de RuOx com co catalitzadors. A més, l'activitat fotocatalítica de MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 es pot millorar mitjançant un tractament de plasma d'oxigen que introdueix defectes estructurals resultant en un material optimitzat per a la reacció de descomposició de l'aigua. La present tesi ha mostrat per primera vegada la possibilitat d'utilitzar MOFs com fotocatalizador per a la metanació de CO¿. En particular, un Zn-MOF y un Ti MOF, MOF(Zn)-1 y MIP-208 respectivament, es poden utilitzar com fotocatalitzadors per a promoure la metanació de CO¿ en condicions de reacció suaus. A més, l'activitat fotocatalítica d'aquests MOFs pot ser realçada per la presència de xicotetes NPs de Cu2O i, especialment, per les NPs de RuOx en l'estructura d'aquestos materials. És de destacar que el material composat per NPs de RuOx suportades en MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 es pot considerar un fotocatalitzador de referència per a la metanació de CO2 amb energia solar i en flux continu. / [EN] The present doctoral thesis studied the use of MOFs as photocatalysts to produce solar fuels. MOF-based photocatalysts were used for overall water splitting and CO2 reduction in the absence of sacrificial agents or organic solvents. MIL 125(Ti)-NH2 can be used as photocatalyst for overall water splitting under both UV-Vis or natural sunlight irradiation. The activity of this material can be enhanced using Pt and RuOx NPs as co-catalysts. Also, the photocatalytic activity of pristine MIL 125(Ti)-NH2 can be enhanced by oxygen-plasma treatment, which introduces structural defects and produces an optimized material for overall water splitting. This thesis has shown for the first time the possibility of using MOFs as photocatalysts for CO2 methanation. More specifically, a Zn and Ti MOF materials, MOF(Zn)-1 and MIP-208 respectively, can be used as photocatalysts to promote CO2 methanation under mild reaction conditions. The photocatalytic activity of these MOFs can be enhanced in the presence of small Cu2O NPs, and, especially, RuOx NPs in their structure. RuOx NPs supported on MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 can be envisioned as a benchmark photocatalyst for solar-driven CO2 methanation in continuous-flow operations. / Cabrero Antonino, M. (2021). Metal-Organic Frameworks as Heterogenous Photocatalysts for the Production of Solar Fuels [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/176660 / TESIS
15

Labile Ligand Variation in Polyazine-Bridged Ruthenium/Rhodium Supramolecular Complexes Providing New Insight into Solar Hydrogen Production from Water

Rogers, Hannah Mallalieu 15 December 2015 (has links)
Mixed-metal supramolecular complexes containing one or two RuII light absorbing subunits coupled through polyazine bridging ligands to a RhIII reactive metal center were prepared for use as photocatalysts for the production of solar H2 fuel from H2O. The electrochemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties upon variation of the monodentate, labile ligands coordinated to the Rh reactive metal center were investigated. Bimetallic complexes [(Ph2phen)2Ru(dpp)RhX2(Ph2phen)]3+ (Ph2phen = 4,10-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; dpp = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine; X = Br- or Cl-) were prepared using a building block approach, allowing for selective component choice. The identity of the halide coordinated to Rh did not impact the light absorbing or excited state properties of the structural motif. However, the o-donating ability of the halides modulated the Rh-based cathodic electrochemistry and required the use of multiple pathways to explain the reduction of Rh by two electrons. Regardless of halide identity, the bimetallic complex possessed a Ru-based HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and Rh-based LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) important for photoinitiated electron collection at Rh. As a photocatalyst for H2 evolution, the X = Br- complex produced nearly 30% more H2 than the X = Cl- analogue. H2 production experiments with added halide suggested that ion pairing with halides played a major role in catalyst deactivation, which provided evidence for the importance of component selection for photocatalyst design. New trimetallic complex [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2Ru(OH)2](PF6)5 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) was prepared for comparison to halide analogues [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhX2](PF6)5 (X = Br- or Cl-). The synthesis of a halide-free supramolecule containing OH- ligands afforded an ideal system to further examine the impact of the ligands at the reactive metal center on H2 photocatalysis. Electrochemistry results revealed that while the identity of the ligands at Rh did modulate the Rh-based reduction potential, all three complexes possessed a Ru-based HOMO and Rh-based LUMO. The light absorbing properties were not impacted by the identity of the monodentate ligands at Rh; however, the excited state properties did vary upon changing the ligands at Rh. The hydroxo trimetallic complex functioned as a photocatalyst for H2 production in organic solvent, producing nearly double the amount of H2 as the highest performing Br-' trimetallic complex in DMF solvent. Interestingly, H2 production studies in high dielectric aqueous solvent revealed no discrepancies in H2 evolution upon variation of the ligands at Rh, which further supported the ion pairing phenomenon realized for the bimetallic motif. Variation of the labile ligands coordinated to the Rh reactive metal center in RuIIRhIII multimetallic supramolecules provided important insight about the large impact of small structural variation on H2 photocatalysis. Electrochemical, photophysical, and photochemical studies of new RuIIRhIII complexes afforded a deeper understanding of the molecular processes important for the design of new complexes applicable to solar fuel production schemes. / Ph. D.
16

Propiedades optoelectrónicas en perovskitas halogenadas y su aplicación en energía y sensores

García Aboal, Rocío 22 October 2021 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] La creciente urbanización e industrialización de las sociedades en las últimas décadas han provocado una alta demanda de energía. No obstante, mientras no se desarrollen fuentes de energía renovables que se constituyan como un reemplazo plausible de las actuales, la liberación de gases de efecto invernadero y sus consecuencias sobre el cambio climático difícilmente serán atajadas. Por ello, se está llevando a cabo una intensa búsqueda de energías renovables para un futuro inmediato. En los últimos años, la perovskita ha alcanzado una gran popularidad, centrando numerosos esfuerzos de investigación debido a sus propiedades ópticas y eléctricas únicas. Como por ejemplo su alto coeficiente de absorción y su alta movilidad de carga. Esta tesis comprende seis artículos científicos en torno a las perovskitas. Por un lado, 3 trabajos estudian los fenómenos ópticos que ocurren en el seno del material, con la finalidad de lograr una mejor comprensión de éstos. Puesto que el conocimiento de estos fenómenos ópticos a nivel individual (cristales aislados) permite modular y adaptar su síntesis y morfología para aplicaciones determinadas. Por otro lado, las perovskitas han sido implementadas en distintos dispositivos para su aplicación en tres campos: fotocatálisis, sensores y fotovoltaica. Por primera vez, se ha logrado utilizar este material para la obtención de hidrógeno llevando a cabo la reacción en fase vapor. Asimismo, diversas composiciones de perovskita se han usado para decorar grafeno y detectar niveles traza de Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles (COV) como benceno y tolueno. Y finalmente se ha desarrollado una estrategia para insertar en la estructura de la perovskita moléculas orgánicas, de forma que se permite una ampliación de la fotorespuesta en el espectro visible. Por lo tanto, las perovskitas se han implementado exitosamente en aplicaciones de diversa índole, constituyéndose como un material prometedor y fácilmente adaptable a los distintos requisitos de cada campo de estudio. / [CAT] La creixent urbanització i industrialització de les societats durant les últimes dècades han provocat una alta demanda d'energia. No obstant això, fins que no es desenvolupen fonts d'energia renovables que puguen ser un reemplaçament plausible de les actuals, l'alliberament de gasos d'efecte hivernacle i les seues conseqüències sobre el canvi climàtic seran difícilment aturades. Per tant, s'està duent a terme una intensa cerca d'energies renovables per a un futur immediat. En els últims anys, la perovskita ha aconseguit una gran popularitat, centrant nombrosos esforços de recerca a causa de les seues propietats òptiques i elèctriques úniques. Per exemple, el seu al coeficient d'absorció i la seua alta mobilitat de càrrega. Aquesta tesi reuneix sis articles científics al voltant de les perovskites. Per una banda, 3 treballs estudien els fenòmens òptics que ocorren en el material, amb la finalitat d'assolir una major comprensió d'aquests. Donat que el coneixement d'aquests fenòmens òptics a nivell individual (cristalls aïllats) permeten modular i adaptar la seua síntesi i morfologia per a determinades aplicacions. Per altra banda, les perovskites han sigut implementats en diferents dispositius per a la seua aplicació en tres camps: fotocatàlisi, sensors i fotovoltaica. Per primera vegada, s'hi ha aconseguit utilitzar aquest material per a l'obtenció d'hidrogen duent a terme la reacció en fase vapor. Així mateix, diverses composicions de perovskita s'han utilitzat per a decorar grafè i detectar nivells traça de Compostos Orgànics Volàtils (COV) com benzè i toluè. I finalment s'ha desenvolupat una estratègia per a inserir en l'estructura de la perovskita molècules orgàniques, de forma que es permet una ampliació de la fotoresposta en l'espectre del visible. Per tant, les perovskites s'han implementat exitosament en aplicacions de diversa índole, constituint-se com un material prometedor i fàcilment adaptable als diferents requisits de cada camp d'estudi. / [EN] During the last decades, the growing urbanization and industrialization result in a significant need for energy. However, since feasible renewable energy sources should be further developed to replace the current energy source, the release of greenhouse gases and their climate change consequences are difficult to overcome. For that reason, the development of renewable energy sources has been attracting growing research efforts. Recently, perovskites gathered great interest owing to their outstanding optical and electrical properties. For instance, their high absorption coefficient and superior charge mobility. This thesis comprises six scientific articles about perovskites. On one hand, 3 works study the optical phenomena that occur within the material in order to achieve a better understanding. The deep knowledge of these optical phenomena's at the individual level (isolated crystals) enable the modulation and tuning of their synthesis and morphology to match specific applications. On another hand, perovskites have been implemented in several devices for their application in three research fields: photocatalysis, sensors, and photovoltaic. For the first time, this nanomaterial was successfully employed for obtaining hydrogen carrying out the reaction in the vapor phase. Likewise, several perovskite compositions have been used for decorating graphene and detect trace levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) as benzene and toluene. And finally, it has been developed a strategy to insert organic molecules in the perovskite structure, resulting in an enhanced photoresponse in the visible range. Therefore, perovskites have been successfully implemented in several applications, becoming a promising material and easily adaptable to the different requirements needed in each field of study. / Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Severo Ochoa, SEV-2016-0683), Intramural CSIC project 201680I006, and Fundación Ramón Areces (XVII Concurso Nacional para la adjudicación de Ayudas a la Investigación en Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia) is gratefully acknowledged. This research was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Mineco) of Spain (TQ2011-26455)2, MAT2015-69669-P, and regional government grant PrometeoII/2017/026. This work was supported by Spanish ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) through the projects TEC2015-74405-JIN, MAT2015-69669-P as well as the regional projects of both Provincia Autonoma di Trento (PAT) of Italy, through the call Grandi Progetti 2012: SIQURO and the Comunidad Valenciana of Spain project PrometeoII/2014/026. This work was supported in part by MICINN and FEDER via grants no. RTI2018-101580- B-I00, by AGAUR under grant. 2017SGR418. S. R.-B. thanks the Research Executive Agency (REA) and the European Commission for the funding received under the Marie Skłodowska Curie actions (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015/Grant agreement number 709023/ZESMO). R. G. A. acknowledges the FPI scholarship from MINECO MAT2015-69669-P. P. A. acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Government through ‘Severo Ochoa” (SEV-2016-0683, MINECO) and PGC2018-099744-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER) / García Aboal, R. (2021). Propiedades optoelectrónicas en perovskitas halogenadas y su aplicación en energía y sensores [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/175357 / TESIS / Compendio
17

Study of Titania supported transition metal sulfides for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen / Production photocatalytique d'hydrogène avec des sulfures de métaux de transitions supportés sur TiO2

Maheu, Clément 23 September 2019 (has links)
La photocatalyse est une voie de synthèse prometteuse de l’hydrogène comme carburant solaire. La production photocatalytique est un moyen, à la fois de stocker l’énergie solaire sous forme d’énergie chimique et de produire des carburants de manière renouvelables en utilisant l’eau ou des alcools biosourcés comme matière première. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier la déshydrogénation photocatalytique d’alcools à l’aide de sulfures de métaux de transitions, supportés sur TiO2 (MSx/TiO2). Ces sulfures de métaux de transitions ont des propriétés d’activation de l’hydrogène, des propriétés électrochimiques et des propriétés optiques intéressantes. Une série de sept MSx/TiO2 (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ru, Ag, Hg) ont été étudiés. La réaction de déshydrogénation photocatalytique du propan-2-ol est utilisée comme réaction modèle. Des corrélations sont établies entre les propriétés intrinsèques de ces MSx/TiO2 et leur activité photocatalytique. De plus, la mesure d’énergie d’activation d’apparente apporte une compréhension supplémentaire sur les mécanismes photocatalytiques. Cette dernière montre que la production photocatalytique d’hydrogène est principalement limitée par les phénomènes de séparation et de transfert de charges dans les photocatalyseurs. Ainsi, une méthodologie combinant la spectroscopie de photoélectrons UV et la spectroscopie d’absorption UV-Visbile a été mis en place pour déterminer la structure électronique des poudre photocatalytiques. Ce travail conclue sur le caractère central de la structure électronique en photocatalyse. Dans le cas du photocatalyseur RuS2/TiO2, le transfert électronique est l’étape cinétiquement déterminante pour la déshydrogénation photocatalytique du propan-2-ol / Photocatalysis is a promising way to synthesize H2 as a solar fuel. On one hand, the photocatalytic H2 production stores solar energy under chemical energy. On the other hand, it produces H2 with a renewable process using water and bio-based alcohols as a feedstock. This Ph.D thesis aims to study the photocatalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols with transition metal sulfides supported on TiO2 (MSx/TiO2). Those transition metal sulfides have versatile and highly tunable properties. They can activate H2, they have promising electrochemical behavior and optical properties. Seven MSx/TiO2 (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ru, Ag, Hg) are therefore studied. The photocatalytic dehydrogenation of propan-2-ol is used as a model reaction. Structure-activity relationships are found between the intrinsic properties of the MSx/TiO2 and their photocatalytic activity. Measuring an apparent activation energy provides additional mechanistic insights. It shows that the photocatalytic production of hydrogen is mostly limited by the charge carrier separation and by the electronic transfer. Therefore a method combining the UPS and the UV-Visbile absorption spectroscopies has been develop to establish the electronic structure of photocatalytic powders. This work concludes that the electronic structure plays a crucial role in photocatalysis. With RuS2/TiO2 photocatalyst, the electron transfer is evidenced as the rate-determining step of the photocatalytic dehydrogenation of propan-2-ol

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