Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-17T11:32:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pedropaulosoldati.pdf: 1732705 bytes, checksum: 3dc5affce1644925cc37df52a9986961 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-28T13:31:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pedropaulosoldati.pdf: 1732705 bytes, checksum: 3dc5affce1644925cc37df52a9986961 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T13:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pedropaulosoldati.pdf: 1732705 bytes, checksum: 3dc5affce1644925cc37df52a9986961 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas (NLS) foram preparadas utilizando como fração lipídica a manteiga natural extraída das sementes de Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuaçu) para a liberação controlada de resveratrol visando a aplicação tópica. A manteiga natural foi avaliada por cromatografia gasosa para a identificação e quantificação dos principais componentes lipídicos, mostrando equilibrada composição entre ácidos graxos saturados e insaturados. As NLS foram preparadas pela técnica de homogeneização por alto cisalhamento e apresentaram tamanho de partícula na escala manométrica, com uma distribuição homogênea da dispersão, confirmada pelas técnicas de espalhamento dinâmico de luz e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Suas características físico-químicas, como carga superficial negativa, tamanho e índice de polidispersão, mantiveram-se inalteradas durante 30 dias, indicando boa estabilidade coloidal. O estudo de liberação in vitro utilizando células de difusão de Franz demonstraram uma liberação controlada do ativo, apresentando uma cinética de liberação controlada pela difusão do núcleoo lipídico, de acordo com o modelo de Higuchi. A NLS contendo o resveratrol (R-NLS) apresentou um aumento de 20% na atividade antioxidante em comparação com a solução etanólica de resveratrol (SER). O estudo de penetração cutânea, utilizando pele humana proveniente de abdominoplastia, indicou que a R-NLS aumentou a penetração e retenção do ativo nas camadas mais externas da pele, com um acréscimo de 2 vezes no estrato córneo quando comparado com a SER. Além disso, a NLS desenvolvida mostrou-se segura, visto que não apresentou citotixidade em linhagem de queratinócitos humanos. Por isso, o sistema de NLS preparado utilizando manteiga natural é capaz de promover uma liberação segura e controlada do ativo na pele, sendo promissor para sua utilização em formulações tópicas. / Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) based on natural seed butter extracted from Amazon tree Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuaçu) were prepared for the topical controlled release of resveratrol, a well-known lipophilic antioxidant. The natural butter was assessed by gas chromatography for the identification and quantification of the lipids, showing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as the major constituents. Nanoparticles were then prepared by high shear homogenization and presented small particle size, with narrow size distribution, which was confirmed by dynamic light scattering measurements and transmission electronic microscopy images. The negative surface charge, size and polydispersity index remained unaltered for 30 days, indicating good colloidal stability. Moreover, the controlled release kinetics revealed a burst release followed by a sustained drug release from SLNs containing resveratrol (R-SLN), which fitted the Higuchi mathematical model, indicating that the releasing profile from the lipid core is diffusion-controlled. R-SLN showed an increased antioxidant activity in 20% compared to resveratrol ethanolic solution (RES). When applied to human skin, R-SLN increased the permeation and retention of resveratrol in the human skin, raising the amount of resveratrol over than 2-fold in stratum corneum compared to RES. In addition, there was no cytotoxicity of the SLN to human keratinocytes at tested conditions. This new SLN prepared with natural seed butter was able to permeate and deliver hydrophobic actives to the skin in a controlled manner, having the potential to ultimately be used in formulations that request topical delivery.

La combretastatine A-4 (CA-4), produit naturel isolé d’un arbuste d’Afrique du sud (Combretum caffrum K.), a montré des propriétés antitumorales intéressantes. Grâce à sa capacité à empêcher la polymérisation de la tubuline, ce stilbénoïde possède des propriétés cytostatiques sélectives à l’égard de différentes lignées cellulaires cancéreuses. Certains dérivés hydrosolubles de la CA-4 comme la CA-4P (fosbretabuline) et le composé AVE8062 (ombrabuline) sont actuellement en essais cliniques pour le traitement de différents cancers. Trois séries de dérivés de la CA-4 ont été synthétisées : les Z-stilbènes, les 1,2- diaryl-1,2-éthanediones et les 5,6-diaryl-2,3-dihydropyrazines. Dans ces composés, le cycle B est remplacé par divers hétérocycliques (indole, benzofurane, benzothiophène, thiophène) attachés à la position C2. Ces dérivés ont été évalués pour leur capacité à inhiber l'assemblage de la tubuline. Le produit Z-stilbènes portant un noyau benzo[b]thiophène a montré une activité antitubuline comparable à celle de la colchicine et de la deoxypodophyllotoxine. L’effet sur l'organisation intracellulaire des microtubules et les propriétés antimitotiques de ce composé ont été ensuite testés sur les lignées cellulaires de kératinocytes SKv-a et HaCaT. Enfin, des essais préliminaires de vectorisation de ce composé dans des nanoparticules lipidiques solides (SLN) ont été réalisés / Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), a natural product first isolated from the South African bush willow tree (Combretum caffrum K.), possesses interesting antitumor properties. Due to its capacity to inhibit tubulin polymerization, this stilbenoid shows selective cytostatic activities against various cancer cell lines. Some water-soluble CA-4 derivatives such as CA-4P (fosbretabuline) and AVE8062 (ombrabuline) are currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. Three series of CA-4 analogues, Z-stilbenes, 1,2-diaryl-1,2-ethanediones and 5,6-diaryl-2,3-dihydropyrazines, were synthesized. In these compounds, the B ring is replaced by various heterocycles (indole, benzofurane, benzothiophene or thiophene) attached at the C2 position. These derivatives were evaluated for their ability to inhibit tubulin assembly. Compound Z- stilbenes bearing a benzo[b]thiophene ring showed an antitubulin activity comparable to that of colchicine and deoxypodophyllotoxine. Its effect on the intracellular organization of microtubules and antimitotic properties were then tested on two keratinocyte cell lines HaCaT and SKV-a. Finally, preliminary essays to the vectorization of this compound in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were carried out

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Department of: Pharmaceutical Technology Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Holas, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Jana Kubačková Student: Kateřina Kučerová Title of thesis: Preparation and evaluation of lipid based nanoparticles as drug carriers Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are promising drug delivery systems. Their capability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules, biocompatibility and biodegradability of lipids make them a suitable alternative for well-established drug carries. The aim of this thesis was to determine suitable ratios of composition of nanoparticles with acceptable properties (especially reduced size and polydispersity, high zeta potential absolute values), to investigate status and thermodynamic behaviour of the nanoparticles and lipids used and to examine drug encapsulation efficiency. Nanoprecipitation method was used to prepare nanoparticles from stearic acid as a solid lipid and in the case of NLC preparation isopropyl myristate as a liquid lipid was used. Kolliphor® P 188 as a surfactant and Span® 20 as a co-surfactant were the best choice to meet intended characteristics. It was shown that usually lower the concentration of surfactant and co-surfactant was the...

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Pharmaceutical Technology Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Holas, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Jana Kubačková Student: Lenka Voldřichová Title of thesis: Lipid based nanoparticles: drug delivery platform Lipic nanoparticles, as newly developed dosage forms, can overcome many drawbacks of conventional dosage forms. Their potential can be utilized in particular for prolonged, controlled and targeted release. They can also increase the bioavailability of drugs, especially those with poor solubility and also allow targeting, which causes increased accumulation of lipid nanoparticles in certain tissues compared to other tissues. nanoparticles suitable for drug encapsulation. The particles were prepared by the emulsion evaporation method. Their characterization was performed using a Zetasizer, which measured the particle size and the zeta potential. The properties of the formulations were evaluated in terms of nanoparticle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, and formulation properties. Differencial scanning calorimetry analysis was also performed on selected formulations. The selected final formulation was composed of 25 mg glycerol monostearate, 10 mg isopropyl myristate, 15 mg lecithin and Kolliphor P188 0,1% solution....

A Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD) é uma técnica para tratamento de câncer que usa um fotossensibilizador (FS) na presença de luz e oxigênio molecular gerando espécies altamente reativas de oxigênio que levam as células tumorais à morte. Porém a hidrofobicidade de alguns FSs podem induzir a agregação em sistemas biológicos, com redução da sua atividade fotodinâmica. A incorporação de FSs em sistemas nanocarreadores pode ser uma alternativa para superar este problema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar e caracterizar dois FSs hidrofóbicos (Hipericina e Tetra-carboxiftalocianinade zinco) encapsulados em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas (NLS) para um potencial uso em terapia fotodinâmica. Os FSs incorporados em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas foram preparados utilizando a técnica de ultra-sonicação e a caracterização físico-química foi realizada. O tamanho médio das nanopartículas de hipericina e tetra-carboxiftalocianinade zinco foram de 153 e 245 nm respectivamente, índice de polidispersão de 0,28 para Hy-NLS e 0,29 para FtZnT-NLS. Uma das vantagens dos sistemas de encapsulação utilizando NLS é o alto valor de eficiência de encapsulação (EE%) e neste estudo foram obtidos valores de eficiência de encapsulação superior a 80% para a Hy-NLS e FtZnT-NLS. De modo a obter a eficiência fotodinâmica da Hy e FtZnT antes e depois do encapsulamento em NLS, as constantes de velocidade de foto-decomposição utilizando dois agentes captadores de 1O2 (1,3 Difenilisobenzofurano e ácido úrico) foram determinadas. As constantes de velocidade de foto-decomposição tiveram aumento significativo após o encapsulamento que ocorreu provavelmente devido a um aumento no tempo de vida do estado triplete causado pelo aumento da solubilidade. Hy-NLS e FtZnT-NLS apresentaram um aumento acima de 30% e 60% respectivamente na acumulação intracelular e uma melhoria na fototoxicidade correlacionado com o aumento da acumulação intracelular. Todas essas vantagens sugerem que hipericina e a tetra-carboxiftalocianinade zincoencapsuladas em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas tem potencial para serem utilizadas em terapia fotodinâmica. / Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique for treating cancer using a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of light and molecular oxygen generating highly reactive oxygen species that lead to tumor cell death. The hydrophobicity of some photosensitizers can induce aggregation in biological systems, reducing its photodynamic activity. The incorporation of PSs in nanocarriers can be an alternative to overcome this problem. The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize two hydrophobic photosensitizers (Hypericin and Zinc tetra-carboxylicphthalocyanine) encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for potential use in photodynamic therapy. The PSs incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared using the ultrasonication technique, and physico-chemical characterization was performed. The average size of the nanoparticles with hypericin and zinc tetra-carboxylicphthalocyanine was 153 and 245 nm respectively, the polydispersivity index of 0.28 to Hy-SLN and 0.29 to FtZnT-SLN. One of the advantages of encapsulation systems using SLN is the high value of encapsulation efficiency (EE %). In this study were obtained values of encapsulation efficiency greater than 80% for the Hy-SLN and FtZnT-SLN. In order to obtain the photodynamic efficiency of Hy and FtZnT before and after encapsulation in SLN, rate constants using photo-decomposition of two scavengers of 1O2 agents (1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran and uric acid) were determined. The rate constants of photo-decomposition had significant increase after encapsulation which occurred probably due to an increase in the lifetime of the triplet state caused by the increased solubility. Hy-SLN and FtZnT-SLN showed an increase above 30% and 60% respectively in the intracellular accumulation and an improvement in phototoxicity correlated with increased intracellular accumulation. So, all these advantages suggest that hypericin and zinc tetra-carboxylicphthalocyanine encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles have potential to be used in photodynamic therapy.

Les nanoparticules (NPs) organiques représentent un outil majeur d'innovation en dermatologie. L'objectif de cette thèse a été de développer et d'optimiser des procédés d'encapsulation d'un mélange de molécules odorantes appelé fragrance mix I (FMI) dans des nanoparticules (NPs) de différentes natures: NPs polymères (poly-ε-caprolactone, PCL), ou NPs lipidiques solides (SLNs) (à base de vaseline, beurre de karité, cire de candelilla, triglycérides C10-18, ou palmitate de cétyle). Ces nouveaux systèmes ont alors été évalués pour la vectorisation de ce mélange à travers un explant de peau de porc, afin de modéliser la distribution des molécules composant le FMI dans les différentes assises cutanées. En parallèle, elles ont également été appliquées en tant que promoteurs de solubilisation du FMI pour le développement d'un nouveau test de diagnostic in vitro de l'allergie aux parfums. Nos résultats montrent que: (i) les NPs polymères, principalement anioniques, sont les plus adaptées pour promouvoir la pénétration transépidermique du FMI. Au contraire, les SLNs s'agglomèrent dans le stratum corneum, conduisant à une accumulation du FMI dans cette assise ; (ii) qu'au-delà du type de vecteur utilisé, la pénétration des molécules du FMI dans les couches les plus profondes de la peau dépend de leur coefficient de partage intrinsèque ; (iii) que les nanoparticules de PCL augmentent significativement la solubilisation du FMI dans les milieux de culture conventionnels et permettent ainsi une réactivation robuste des lymphocytes T spécifiques circulant chez des patients présentant une allergie au parfums. L'ensemble de ces résultats confirme donc tout le potentiel des NPs organiques pour le développement de futures stratégies de délivrance ciblée de plusieurs actifs dans les différents compartiments cutanés. Ces nouveaux vecteurs offrent en outre une alternative prometteuse pour améliorer le diagnostic de l'eczéma de contact induit par les parfums et plus généralement par des allergènes hydrophobes / The aim of this work was to develop and optimize methods for fragrance mix I (FMI) encapsulation into nanoparticles (NPs) of two types of nanoparticles (NPs) : polymeric NPs (poly-ε-caprolactone, PCL) and solid lipid NPs (SLNs) (prepared with petrolatum, shea butter, candelilla wax, C10-18 triglycerides, or cetyl palmitate). Then, these new NPss were evaluated as vectors through a pig skin to analyze the distribution of the FMI molecules in the different skin layers. In parallel, NPs have also been applied as solubilizers for the development of a new in vitro test for the diagnosis of fragrance allergy. Our results show that (i) NPs polymers, mainly anionic NPs, are the most suitable vectors to promote trans-epidermal penetration of fragrance. On the contrary, SLNs were found in the stratum corneum, leading to an accumulation of fragrance in this layer; (ii) whatever the type of NPs, the penetration of the FMI molecules in the deeper layers of the skin depends on their intrinsic partition coefficient; (iii) PCL-NPs significantly increase the FMI solubilization in conventional culture media and, allowing a robust reactivation of circulating specific T cells in patients with allergy to fragrances. All of these results confirm the potential of organic NPs for the development of future strategies (for the skin delivery of several actives in the different skin layers). These new vectors further offer a promising alternative to improve the diagnosis of contact dermatitis induced by fragrances and more generally by hydrophobic allergens

A Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD) é uma técnica para tratamento de câncer que usa um fotossensibilizador (FS) na presença de luz e oxigênio molecular gerando espécies altamente reativas de oxigênio que levam as células tumorais à morte. Porém a hidrofobicidade de alguns FSs podem induzir a agregação em sistemas biológicos, com redução da sua atividade fotodinâmica. A incorporação de FSs em sistemas nanocarreadores pode ser uma alternativa para superar este problema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar e caracterizar dois FSs hidrofóbicos (Hipericina e Tetra-carboxiftalocianinade zinco) encapsulados em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas (NLS) para um potencial uso em terapia fotodinâmica. Os FSs incorporados em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas foram preparados utilizando a técnica de ultra-sonicação e a caracterização físico-química foi realizada. O tamanho médio das nanopartículas de hipericina e tetra-carboxiftalocianinade zinco foram de 153 e 245 nm respectivamente, índice de polidispersão de 0,28 para Hy-NLS e 0,29 para FtZnT-NLS. Uma das vantagens dos sistemas de encapsulação utilizando NLS é o alto valor de eficiência de encapsulação (EE%) e neste estudo foram obtidos valores de eficiência de encapsulação superior a 80% para a Hy-NLS e FtZnT-NLS. De modo a obter a eficiência fotodinâmica da Hy e FtZnT antes e depois do encapsulamento em NLS, as constantes de velocidade de foto-decomposição utilizando dois agentes captadores de 1O2 (1,3 Difenilisobenzofurano e ácido úrico) foram determinadas. As constantes de velocidade de foto-decomposição tiveram aumento significativo após o encapsulamento que ocorreu provavelmente devido a um aumento no tempo de vida do estado triplete causado pelo aumento da solubilidade. Hy-NLS e FtZnT-NLS apresentaram um aumento acima de 30% e 60% respectivamente na acumulação intracelular e uma melhoria na fototoxicidade correlacionado com o aumento da acumulação intracelular. Todas essas vantagens sugerem que hipericina e a tetra-carboxiftalocianinade zincoencapsuladas em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas tem potencial para serem utilizadas em terapia fotodinâmica. / Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique for treating cancer using a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of light and molecular oxygen generating highly reactive oxygen species that lead to tumor cell death. The hydrophobicity of some photosensitizers can induce aggregation in biological systems, reducing its photodynamic activity. The incorporation of PSs in nanocarriers can be an alternative to overcome this problem. The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize two hydrophobic photosensitizers (Hypericin and Zinc tetra-carboxylicphthalocyanine) encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for potential use in photodynamic therapy. The PSs incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared using the ultrasonication technique, and physico-chemical characterization was performed. The average size of the nanoparticles with hypericin and zinc tetra-carboxylicphthalocyanine was 153 and 245 nm respectively, the polydispersivity index of 0.28 to Hy-SLN and 0.29 to FtZnT-SLN. One of the advantages of encapsulation systems using SLN is the high value of encapsulation efficiency (EE %). In this study were obtained values of encapsulation efficiency greater than 80% for the Hy-SLN and FtZnT-SLN. In order to obtain the photodynamic efficiency of Hy and FtZnT before and after encapsulation in SLN, rate constants using photo-decomposition of two scavengers of 1O2 agents (1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran and uric acid) were determined. The rate constants of photo-decomposition had significant increase after encapsulation which occurred probably due to an increase in the lifetime of the triplet state caused by the increased solubility. Hy-SLN and FtZnT-SLN showed an increase above 30% and 60% respectively in the intracellular accumulation and an improvement in phototoxicity correlated with increased intracellular accumulation. So, all these advantages suggest that hypericin and zinc tetra-carboxylicphthalocyanine encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles have potential to be used in photodynamic therapy.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Skin cancer is the malign tumor most common worldwide and nonmelanoma is the kind of cancer most treatable. However, nowadays there is not a ideal treatment of the skin cancer and the surgery is the therapeutic standard for treatment of malign lesion in the skin. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of the administration and accumulation of photosensitizers in target cells, followed by exposure to a light source with appropriate wavelength, resulting in the formation of oxygen reactive species, responsibles for causing damage to cancerous cells. Lipid nanoparticles (LN) offer an attractive system for delivery of lipophilic drugs such as Chloroaluminium Phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) for use in PDT of skin cancer. The objective of this work was develop and characterize LN containing ClAlPc for subsequent application to the treatment of skin cancer by PDT. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) were prepared with 20 and 40% of Oleic Acid (OA) by the method of diffusion in aqueous solvent, using Stearic Acid (SA) as solid lipid and OA as liquid lipid. The characterization was performed by Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM), particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE), drug loading and thermal analysis by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The in vitro penetration studies were performed in modified Franz diffusion cells using pig ear skin as membrane model. The distribuition of ClAlPc in the skin layers was visualized by fluorescence microscopy using mice hairless in the in vivo studies. The LN presented nanometric size with high values of zeta potential and relatively spherical shape and the incorporation of OA promoted the increase of EE and drug loading reaching values of 95.8% and 4%, respectively. The thermal analysis showed the presence of polymorphism, due to the process of melting and recrystallization of the lipid. In vitro penetration studies, ClAlPl was not detected in receptor medium, being retained in stratum corneum and skin layers and showed the penetration ability of the formulations developed, since the amount of ClAlPc retained on the skin was significantly higher (p < 0,01) compared the control formulation. The formulation with 40% AO (NLC 40) showed amount of drug retained in the skin significantly higher (p<0,01) compared to other formulations, demonstrating the enhancer effect of penetration of the OA, besides favoring the transport of ClAlPc to deeper layers of the skin, due to the smaller particle size of this formulation. According to the results obtained, the systems developed may be promising for the incorporation of AlClPc in the treatment of skin cancer by PDT. / O câncer de pele é o tumor maligno mais comum em todo o mundo e o não melanoma é um dos tipos de câncer mais tratáveis. Contudo, atualmente não existe um tratamento ideal do câncer de pele, e a cirurgia ainda é defendida como primeira opção no procedimento para tratar as lesões cancerígenas na pele. A Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD) consiste na administração e acúmulo de um fármaco fotossensibilizador no tecido-alvo, seguido da exposição a uma fonte de luz de comprimento de onda apropriado, resultando na formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio responsáveis por causar danos às células cancerígenas. As Nanopartículas Lipídicas (NL) oferecem um atrativo sistema para liberação de fármacos lipofílicos como a Alumínio-Cloro Ftalocianina (AlClPc) para a utilização na TFD do câncer de pele. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e caracterizar Nanopartículas Lipídicas AlClPc para posterior aplicação no tratamento de câncer de pele através da Terapia Fotodinâmica. Foram preparadas Nanopartículas Lipídicas Sólidas (NLS) e Carreadrores Lipídicos Nanoestruturados (CLN) com 20 e 40% de Ácido Oléico (AO) através do método da difusão de solvente em fase aquosa, utilizando Ácido Esteárico (AE) como lipídio sólido e AO como lipídio líquido. A caracterização foi realizada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (MET), diâmetro médio de partícula, potencial zeta, eficiência de encapsulação (EE), teor de fármaco e análise térmica, através da Calorimetris Exploratória Diferencial (DSC). Os estudos de penetração in vitro foram realizados em células de difusão do tipo Franz utilizando pele de orelha de porco como membrana. A distribuição da AlClPc nas camadas da pele foi visualizada através de microscopia de fluorescência nos estudos in vivo utilizando camundongos Hairless. As NL desenvolvidas apresentaram tamanho nanométrico com altos valores de potencial zeta e forma relativamente esférica e a incorporação de AO promoveu o aumento da EE e teor atingindo valores de 95,8% e 4%, respectivamente. Na análise térmica foi evidenciada a presença de polimorfismo do AE, decorrente do processo de fusão e recristalização do lipídio. Nos estudos de penetração in vitro, a AlClPc não foi detectada no meio receptor, ficando retida no EC e nas camadas da pele e foi evidenciada a capacidade de penetração das formulações desenvolvidas, já que a quantidade de AlClPc retida na pele foi significantemente maior (p < 0,01) em relação á formulação controle. A formulação com 40% de AO (CLN 40) apresentou quantidade de fármaco retida nas camadas da pele significantemente maior (p<0,01) em relação às demais formulações, sugerindo o efeito promotor do AO, além do favorecimento do transporte da AlClPc para camadas mais profundas da pele, devido ao menor tamanho de partícula desta formulação. De acordo com os resultados obtidos os sistemas desenvolvidos podem ser promissores para a veiculação da AlClPc no tratamento do câncer de pele através da TFD.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:11:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo Gomes Souza.pdf: 860880 bytes, checksum: 5c5b771771f0b473b0b9d87f7b7f456b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-29 / Topotecan (TPT), hydrophilic semisynthetic analogue of camptothecin, is a topoisomerase I inhibitor anticancer agent. Encapsulation of TPT in nanocarriers can protect him from inactivation on plasmatic pH and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated resistance. In this study, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were produced by three different methods: cold high pressure homogenization (CHPH), double emulsion prepare (DEMP) and microemulsion dilution (MMD). Derivative systems from NLS, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were produced only by MMD. Temperature proved to be a limiting factor in producing nanoparticles loaded TPT and must be strictly controlled. Nanoparticles produced by MMD (SLN and NLC) presented best encapsulation efficiency, drug loading and particle size distribution. These particles presented 150 nm average diameter, 0.2 PdI and -45 mV average zeta potential. Despite the hydrophilic drugs encapsulation to be a hard work, lipid nanoparticles loaded TPT presented 6% drug loading and an encapsulation efficiency biggest then 95%. Encapsulation of TPT in lipid nanoparticles sustained drug release by 12 hours and protected the drug from degradation at pH 7,4 at 37°C. Drug nanoencapsulation also increased his citotoxicity on K562 leucemic cells at 2 and 24 hours. There weren t differences between NLC and SLN on release, citotoxicity and stability studies. Threalose was an efficient cryoprotector on lyophilization of SLN and NLC loaded TPT. Lyophilizates NLC and SLN with 15% of threalose stayed stable almost for 30 days. Nanostructured lipid carriers with high topotecan chloridrate loading obtained in this work presented potential to improve clinical efficacy associated with parenteral administration of this important citotoxic drug. / O cloridrato de topotecano (TPT), derivado semi-sintético hidrofílico da camptotecina, é um fármaco antineoplásico inibidor da topoisomerase I. A encapsulação do TPT em nanocarreadores pode protegê-lo da inativação no pH plasmático, além de contornar o problema da resistência celular mediada pela glicoproteína-P (P-gp). No presente trabalho foram produzidas nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas (NLS) contendo TPT por três técnicas diferentes: homogeneização sob alta pressão a frio (HAPF), preparo de emulsão múltipla (PEMM) e diluição de microemulsão (DMM). Sistemas derivados das NLS, os carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados (CLN) foram produzidos apenas por DMM. A temperatura mostrou-se como fator limitante na produção de nanopartículas contendo TPT, devendo ser rigorosamente controlada. As nanopartículas (NLS e CLN) produzidas por DMM apresentaram melhor eficiência de encapsulação (EE%), distribuição de tamanho de partícula e carga de fármaco. Essas nanopartículas apresentaram tamanho médio em torno de 150 nm, PdI 0,2 e potencial zeta médio de -45 mV. Apesar da encapsulação de fármacos hidrofílicos em matrizes lipídicas ser tarefa difícil, as nanopartículas lipídicas contendo TPT apresentaram carga de fármaco em torno de 6% com EE% maior que 95%. A encapsulação do TPT em nanopartículas lipídicas prolongou sua liberação por 12 horas e protegeu o fármaco da degradação em pH 7,4 a 37°C. A nanoencapsulação do TPT também aumentou sua citotoxicidade em células leucêmicas K562 nos períodos de 2 e 24 horas. Não houve diferenças entre os CLN e as NLS nos estudos de liberação, citotoxicidade e estabilidade. A trealose foi um crioprotetor eficaz na liofilização dos CLN e das NLS contendo TPT. As NLS e os CLN liofilizados com 15% de trealose permaneceram estáveis por pelo menos 30 dias. Os carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados e as nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas contendo topotecano obtidos no presente trabalho apresentam potencial para melhorar a resposta clínica associada à administração parenteral deste importante fármaco citotóxico.