Tipografika ir muzika: sujungus šias dvi sritis gimė tipografinis projektas „Aerofont”. „Aerofont” - tai erdvinės muzikinės raidės, kurias galima perskaityti, išgirsti ir jomis pagroti. Erdvinių muzikos raidžių funkcionalumas imituoja „aerofonų” (pučiamųjų) instrumentų šeimos sintezatoriaus veikimo principą, nes jomis galima perduoti intertekstinio pobūdžio žinutes. Šiomis raidėmis yra siekiama perteikti estetinę muzikos žinutę be paties autoriaus/atlikėjo, kitaip tariant, kiekvienas, naudodamasis „Aerofont” raidėmis, tampa atlikėju, nes tiek raidžių naudojimas, tiek ir garso skleidimas sukuria sąryšį tarp subjekto ir objekto arba leidžia perteikti ir sintezuoti estetinius bei kultūrinius potyrius. / Typography and music: by connecting these two fields, a typographic project „Aerofont” was born. „Aerofont” is a set of spatial musical letters, which one can read, hear and play. The function of these spatial letters imitates the principles of a synthesizer from an aerofone (wind) instrument family, because it is possible to send out inter-textual messages by using them. The purpose of the letters is to convey the aesthetical message of music without the author/performer. In other words, everyone becomes a musician using the „Aerofont” letters, because the usage of letters and broadcast of sound creates cohesion between the subject and the object and allows the aesthetical and cultural experience to be conveyed and synthesized.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. [147]-158).

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of St Andrews, April 2006.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

[pt] Este trabalho descreve o método de traçado de feixes em três dimensões que permite a caracterização do canal em uma banda ultralarga. As características do canal são acessadas através do retardo médio, espalhamento de retardo RMS e banda de coerência. Uma análise adicional sobre a variação da potência ao longo da distância foi realizada. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com mediadas realizadas, com o auxílio da técnica de sondagem em frequência, para validação do método utilizado. / [en] This work describes the tridimensional beam tracing method that allows one to characterize the Ultra Wideband (UWB) indoor Radio Channel. The channel characteristics are assessed in terms of mean delay, delay spread and coherence bandwidth. An additional analysis related to power variation through distance was also evaluated. The results were compared to measurements obtained from the frequency sounding technique.

[pt] Este trabalho objetiva apresentar os resultados das medições e a análise da resposta do canal banda larga na faixa de frequências de 2.5 GHz em um ambiente urbano, através da técnica de sondagem de multiportadoras. Para isso, os perfis de retardo de potência desse canal foram obtidos com base nos dados medidos na região da Gávea na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, utilizando duas técnicas de limpeza de perfis de retardo. As técnicas de limpeza são apresentadas e seus resultados são comparados para a transmissão de um sinal de 20MHz de largura de banda. Os Retardos RMS (Root Mean Square) são calculados a partir desses Perfis de Retardo de Potências filtrados e o erro médio quadrático para cada técnica de limpeza é avaliado e comparado para algumas posições do receptor. / [en] This work presents the results of measurements and the analysis of the response of a wide band channel in the 2.5 GHz band for an urban environment, using the multicarrier sounding technique. To do this, the power delay profile (PDP) of the channel was obtained based on data measured at the neighborhood of Gávea, in the Rio de Janeiro, using two power delay profile filtering techniques. The power delay profile filtering techniques are presented and the results are compared for a transmitted signal of 20MHz bandwidth. The RMS (root mean square) delay spreads are determined from the filtered PDPs and from the original ones. The results are compared for some positions of the receiver and the quadratic mean error is evaluated.

In this work, unmanned aerial vehicle-based non-destructive testing methods for concrete structures are evaluated and developed. There exists a need for improved infrastructure inspection techniques with increased expediency. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are highly mobile and have shown promise towards achieving this directive, but more work is required to adapt traditional NDT methods to be UAV-compatible. To this end, concrete sounding techniques were evaluated with a quantitative acoustic frequency analysis procedure on a series of concrete slabs. One such method was adapted for use with a UAV and was used to detect subsurface voids in one of the concrete samples and offer a means of depth estimation. This work was complemented with experiments concerning UAV-based visual and infrared imaging techniques already in practice for UAV-based concrete inspection. Together, findings indicate the strengths and weaknesses of the NDTs tested and suggest further improvements for UAV-based NDTs and inspection strategies moving forward. Development of a novel sensor platform for UAV-based measurement, as well as results of an actual bridge inspection using infrared and optical methods demonstrate the present capabilities of the UAV-based instrumentation. / Graduate / 2019-07-03

Este trabalho apresenta propostas de modelos computacionais para representar os principais esquemas de aterramento e equipamentos presentes na rede elétrica de serviço que é utilizada por foguetes de sondagem, com a meta de permitir a verificação operacional e viabilidade técnica no contexto da distribuição de energia elétrica. Nesses modelos são simuladas as condições de operação nominal e em falta, sendo que essa última é realizada em pontos estratégicos da rede elétrica com o propósito de determinar valores máximos de corrente alcançados pelo sistema nessas condições. Os valores de corrente obtidos nessas simulações são principalmente utilizados como referência na escolha do esquema de distribuição da energia elétrica mais adequada para ser utilizado pela rede embarcada em foguetes de sondagem e na determinação de características elétricas mínimas que os equipamentos de bordo devem possuir a fim de atenderem as condições nominais e suportar as possíveis faltas que podem acometer o sistema. Os resultados satisfatórios obtidos nas simulações dos modelos computacionais elaborados para representar os esquemas de aterramento e equipamentos pertencentes à rede elétrica de serviço que é utilizada por foguetes de sondagem, apresentados neste trabalho, indicam que os modelos são consistentes e adequados aos propósitos que se destinam. / This work presents the proposals for computational models to represent the main grounding schemes and equipment used in the service electrical network used by sounding rockets with the goal of enabling the operational verification and technical viability in the context of electrical power distribution. In these models are simulated the conditions of nominal operation and in fault, and the latter is carried out at strategic points in the electrical network with the purpose of determining maximum power achieved by the system under these conditions. The current values obtained in these simulations are mainly used as a guide in choosing the distribution of power best suited to be used by the service electrical network and the determination of electrical characteristics requirements that the equipment should possess in order to meet the nominal conditions and support the possible faults that can affect the system. The satisfactory results obtained in the simulations of the computer models designed to represent the grounding schemes and equipment belonging to the service electrical network used by sounding rockets, presented in this paper indicates that the models are consistent and appropriate to the purposes intended.

Abstract The present dissertation deals with the evaluation of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radio channel characteristics from time-division multiplexing (TDM)-switched MIMO channel sounding. The research can be divided into three main areas. First, the impacts of phase noise in TDM-switched MIMO channel sounding on channel capacity are studied. Second, we focus on those impacts on channel parameter estimation using the SAGE algorithm. And in the last part, spatial correlation, channel eigenvalue distribution, and ergodic capacity in realistic environments are analyzed. The rationale behind the first two areas is that most advanced MIMO radio channel sounders employ the TDM technique, which has significant problems from phase noise of the TX and RX phase locked loop (PLL) oscillators causing measurement errors in terms of estimated channel capacity and parameters. We propose statistical models that reproduce the capacity estimates. The effects of the sounding mode (SM), the length of pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence L of the sounding signal, and the system size are disclosed. The distinctive basis is to consider the impact of the actual phase noise in TDM switched MIMO channel sounding, instead of assuming white Gaussian-type phase noise. In a reality, the short-term phase noise component affecting one measurement cycle of a MIMO system plays an important role in the traditional estimators of the radio channel parameters and capacity. We show that the performance impairment is less than that been under the hypothesis of uncorrelated white Gaussian phase-noises samples. The difference is due to the non-vanishing correlation of phase-noise within the measurement cycle. Two approaches to mitigating the impact of phase noise are proposed. The former is the simple and efficient sliding averaging method, where the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the channel impulse response can be increased. The latter is the choice of SM and L, which is more thorough. In the second part, two approaches to mitigating its impact on channel parameter estimation using the SAGE algorithm are also discussed. Besides the sliding averaging, which in general can increase the SNR, the new SAGE algorithm based channel parameter estimation based on the improved signal model accounting for the phase noise in the measurement device is proposed. Finally, the channel eigenvalue distribution and ergodic capacity based on complex hypergeometric functions and their asymptotic characteristics are analyzed. It is shown that the derived theoretical expressions closely approximate the simulated results of the measured finite-dimensional MIMO channels. The spatial correlation and the eigenvalue statistics in frequency selective channels for single and dual polarized antennas are investigated. This knowledge is useful when different MIMO and beamforming techniques are applied.

Le bassin versant du Bandama blanc amont, au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire, est situé sur un socle fissuré, composé de granites et de schistes, et constitue un aquifère pérenne pour l’approvisionnement en eau des populations. Cet aquifère de type fissuré est mal connu, tant dans la géométrie des réservoirs que dans le potentiel hydrogéologique des réserves qu’il contient. La précarité des populations rurales est en partie liée au manque d’eau potable ainsi qu’au nombre encore insuffisant des points d’approvisionnement. Un nombre important d’échecs a été observé lors de la réalisation des ouvrages de captages des eaux souterraines, dont l'une des causes est une faible connaissance du fonctionnement du milieu. Cette étude consiste à améliorer les connaissances sur le fonctionnement hydrodynamique des réservoirs du socle fissuré (géométrie des aquifères, paramètres hydrodynamiques, recharge, disponibilité de la ressource) en vue de l’installation d’ouvrages de captage.L’approche méthodologique multidisciplinaire intègre des méthodes d’hydrogéophysique, d’hydrogéologie, de géologie et de chimie. Il s’agit de développer de nouvelles techniques et outils appropriés de prospection pour affiner la caractérisation du socle fissuré, afin de mieux contraindre l'exploitation des sites, notamment en termes de stabilité des débits prélevés.Pour étudier l’aquifère de socle du bassin versant du Bandana blanc amont, nous avons couplé des mesures électromagnétiques aux données lithologiques pour affiner la géométrie de l'aquifère et de mieux contraindre le choix pour les futurs localisations des forages. Cette étude présente donc une nouvelle approche hydrogéophysique pour améliorer la connaissance des ressources importantes dans un aquifère de socle, à l’échelle locale ou régionale, par l'utilisation du système électromagnétique multifréquentiel PROMIS. L'interprétation des résultats a conduit à proposer des modèles multicouches conformes à la structuration lithologique et discontinuités géologiques en place, et à la localisation de l'aquifère, sa géométrie et les interfaces de sa base et du toit.Cette méthode est efficace pour améliorer la caractérisation de l’aquifère de socle, et les résultats ont révélé une bonne concordance entre les sondages (1D), la section de résistivité (2D), les forages et les structures géologiques.La géométrie de l’aquifère présente une structure multicouche présentant de haut en bas de la cuirasse ferrugineuse, des arènes argileuses, une zone fissurée reposant sur un substratum rocheux. Nous sommes en présence d’une nappe captive, sous pression sous les argiles, contenue dans les arènes et la frange fissurée, et présentant une épaisseur variable entre 15 et 30 m. Une connaissance détaillée de la géométrie de l'aquifère locale constitue la première étape cruciale avant d'aller plus loin dans une étude hydrogéologique complète. / The upstream watershed of White Bandama, north of Ivory Coast, is located on a fissured hard-rock, composed of granites and schists, and is a perennial aquifer for populations’ water supply. The upstream watershed of White Bandama, northern Ivory Coast, is located on a hard-rock aquifer which geometry and potential as an hydrogeological reserve is not yet well characterized. Insecurity of rural populations is partly due to lack of drinking water as well as still inadequate number of water supply points. A significant number of failures was observed when performing wells and boreholes for groundwater, one of the causes is a weak scientific knowledge on the environment.This study is to improve knowledge on the hydrodynamic behavior of the hard rock reservoir (geometry of aquifers, hydrodynamic parameters, recharge, availability of the resource) in order to drill perennial boreholes.The multidisciplinary methodological approach integrates hydrogeophysics, hydrogeology, geology, chemistry methods. It is to develop new techniques and appropriate exploration tools to refine the characterization of fissured hard-rock to better constrain the operation of sites, especially in terms of stability of pomped yield.To study the hard-rock aquifer of upstream watershed of White Bandama, we coupled electromagnetic measurements to lithological data to refine the geometry of the aquifer and to better constrain the choice for future drilling locations. This study presents a new hydrogeophysical approach using the multifrequency electromagnetic device PROMIS® to improve knowledge of resources on hard-rock aquifer, at the local or regional level.Our geophysical data are interpreted with multi-layer models consistent with the discontinuities observed in lithology logs and the geology of the site. This method is effecient to improve the characterization of the hard-rock aquifer, and the results showed good agreement between the soundings (1D), the resistivity cross-section (2D), drillings and geological structures.Results allow to precise the local thicknesses of the 3 main units of our study area down to 50 m, being from top to down, saprolite, a fissured-rock zone and the rock substratum. The fissured-rock zone constitutes the main aquifer unit under pressure, interesting target for productive water wells. Its thickness ranges from 15 to 30 m. A detailed knowledge of the local aquifer geometry constitutes the first and crucial step before going further into a complete hydrogeological study.