published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

published_or_final_version / abstract / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Philosophy

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No description available.

Despite the role played by the South East Treaty Organisation (SEATO) in the defence of Western interests in that region during the Cold War, there has to date been no scholarly attempt to examine the development and performance of the organisation as a military alliance. This thesis is thus the first attempt to do so and as such seeks to take advantage of the recent release of much SEATO-related official material into the public domain by Western governments. This material throws new light upon SEATO???s aims and achievements, particularly in regard to the first ten years of its existence. Because SEATO was eventually rendered irrelevant by the events of the Second Indochina War (1965-1975) a popular perception has arisen that it was always a ???Paper Tiger??? lacking in substance, and thus easily dismissed. This thesis challenges this assumption by examining SEATO???s development in the decade before that conflict. The thesis analyses SEATO???s place in the wider Cold War and finds that it was part of a rational and consistent response within the broader Western strategy of containment to deter, and if need be, defeat, the threat of communist aggression. That threat was a very real one for Southeast Asia in the aftermath of the First Indochina War and one that was initially perceived in terms of the conventional military balance of power. This focus dominated SEATO???s strategic concepts and early contingency planning and rightly so, as an examination of the strength and development of the PLA and PAVN during this period demonstrates. SEATO developed a dedicated military apparatus, principally the Military Planning Office (MPO), that proved itself to be perfectly capable of providing the level of co-ordination and planning needed to produce a credible SEATO deterrent in this regard. SEATO enjoyed less success with its attempts to respond to the emergence of a significant communist insurgent threat, first in Laos then in South Vietnam, but the alliance did nonetheless recognise this threat and the failure of SEATO in this regard was one of political will rather than military doctrine. Indeed this thesis confirms that it was the increasingly disparate political agendas of a number of SEATO???s members that ultimately paralysed its ability to act and thus ensured its failure to meet its aims, at least insofar as the so-called ???Protocol States??? were concerned. But this failure should not be allowed to completely overshadow SEATO???s earlier achievements in providing a modicum of Western-backed stability and security to the region from 1955-1965.

Thèse--Université de Genève, 1973. / At head of title: Université de Genève, Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales. Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-154).

The formation and evolution of sedimentary basins are best understood within the context of prevailing tectonic conditions. This dissertation presents an integrated geologic and geophysical study of the southeast Caribbean–northeast South American margin which is characterized by a 300-km-long curved transition from subduction to strike-slip plate boundary interaction. Tomography models are generated to image the geometry and orientation of the subducting slab and associated upper mantle structures, and integrated with observations made from gravity, magnetic and seismicity data. The plate boundary interaction changes laterally from: (1) direct subduction where oceanic South American lithosphere dips towards the west at up to 65° beneath the Caribbean plate; to (2) collision where South American transitional-continental type lithosphere dips 44°–24° beneath the Caribbean plate; to (3) east-west oriented strike-slip interaction where the slab is detached from the South American continent. A tectonostratigraphic framework based on the interpretation of ~10,000 km of 2-D seismic and abundant well data is used to study the evolution of the structures and basin fill of the margin. The basins are characterized by composite and superimposed structural styles which differ from basins formed in pure strike-slip or convergent margins. A NW–SE oriented tear fault aligned with the South American continent-ocean-boundary defines the boundary between different contractional styles in the sedimentary succession of the subduction and collision provinces. An examination of bathymetric conditions and the upper Pleistocene succession of the continental shelf suggest a bimodal sediment transport process, linked to shoreline changes. Current-driven, strike-parallel sediment distribution systems dominate during highstand, generating unique shelf-bound channels and fills. Lowstand across the area is characterized by dip-directed, sediment distribution systems with SW–NE oriented channels that direct sediments to the shelf edge and deep basin environments. The results of this study illustrate that plate boundary conditions and associated lithospheric arrangement at depth, play a significant role in influencing the form of shallow structures, basins and surface geomorphology. Crustal-scale structures; influenced by deeper lithospheric-scale configuration, act over longer time-scales to create and deform depocenters; while sea-level stand exerts significant control on the timing and location of sedimentation over shorter time periods. / text

This thesis is an attempt to fill the theoretical and empirical gap that exists in current small arms literature, which has failed to examine and identify the different aspects that are involved with small arms transfers in Southeast insurgencies. Small arms not only play a significant role in all internal conflicts throughout the world, but they are of particular concern right through Asia, where civil wars have tended to last longer than those in any other region. This study uses a comprehensive dataset that defines active armed conflict in Southeast Asia during 2002. This has allowed for the detailed analysis of three countries within Southeast Asia, where government forces have been involved in active armed conflict with insurgent groups. Important aspects of this thesis include; the analysis of external and internal sources insurgent groups are able to secure both financially and militarily; the most important sources of supply for insurgent groups obtaining small arms; and how the supply, use and accumulation of these small arms by insurgent groups have affected internal conflict. This study suggests that internal sources, rather than external sources, are more important for insurgent groups in securing forms of finances and weaponry. The most important sources of supply for obtaining small arms would also tend to come from internal sources. Furthermore, it is likely that variables of intra-state conflicts, such as duration and intensity, have been highly affected by small arms usage. This thesis concludes by suggesting that the study of how insurgent groups obtain different forms of finances and resources is equally as important as the analysis of how insurgent groups obtain small arms.

Despite the role played by the South East Treaty Organisation (SEATO) in the defence of Western interests in that region during the Cold War, there has to date been no scholarly attempt to examine the development and performance of the organisation as a military alliance. This thesis is thus the first attempt to do so and as such seeks to take advantage of the recent release of much SEATO-related official material into the public domain by Western governments. This material throws new light upon SEATO???s aims and achievements, particularly in regard to the first ten years of its existence. Because SEATO was eventually rendered irrelevant by the events of the Second Indochina War (1965-1975) a popular perception has arisen that it was always a ???Paper Tiger??? lacking in substance, and thus easily dismissed. This thesis challenges this assumption by examining SEATO???s development in the decade before that conflict. The thesis analyses SEATO???s place in the wider Cold War and finds that it was part of a rational and consistent response within the broader Western strategy of containment to deter, and if need be, defeat, the threat of communist aggression. That threat was a very real one for Southeast Asia in the aftermath of the First Indochina War and one that was initially perceived in terms of the conventional military balance of power. This focus dominated SEATO???s strategic concepts and early contingency planning and rightly so, as an examination of the strength and development of the PLA and PAVN during this period demonstrates. SEATO developed a dedicated military apparatus, principally the Military Planning Office (MPO), that proved itself to be perfectly capable of providing the level of co-ordination and planning needed to produce a credible SEATO deterrent in this regard. SEATO enjoyed less success with its attempts to respond to the emergence of a significant communist insurgent threat, first in Laos then in South Vietnam, but the alliance did nonetheless recognise this threat and the failure of SEATO in this regard was one of political will rather than military doctrine. Indeed this thesis confirms that it was the increasingly disparate political agendas of a number of SEATO???s members that ultimately paralysed its ability to act and thus ensured its failure to meet its aims, at least insofar as the so-called ???Protocol States??? were concerned. But this failure should not be allowed to completely overshadow SEATO???s earlier achievements in providing a modicum of Western-backed stability and security to the region from 1955-1965.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, June, 1986. / Typescript (photocopy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 234-245).