M.Ed. / The problem in this research lied in the lack of clear guidelines, training and resources in the management of the implementation of inclusion in schools. The research’s aim was to provide guidelines for the School Management Teams in managing the implementation of inclusion in schools. This will be achieved through a qualitative research method. The qualitative research included descriptive and exploratory research methods. The researcher collected data using multiple means of data collection, namely, interviews, survey and observations. The selection comprised of the members of the School Management Teams – the school principal, deputy principal, two Heads of Department and three teachers from each of the five selected schools. The interpretations of data led to the research findings, recommendations and the conclusion. The findings of the study described the participants’ perceptions and experiences of the management of the implementation of inclusion as a process for school improvement. The perceptions and the experiences of the teachers and the principals suggested that the participants had limited understanding, knowledge and skills in managing and implementing inclusion in schools. Thus guidelines for managing the implementation of inclusion were provided. In addition, guidelines for the educational psychologists that could facilitate the successful management of the implementation of inclusion were developed. / Dr. B.V. Nduna

M.Ed. / This research study indicates that young adolescents who experience interpersonal challenges in a suburb in Soweto undergo disturbances involving body, mind and spirit. This bring about a variety of future adjustment difficulties, problems and coping abilities. This is attributed to a low socio-economic environment, lack of communication, lack of information, poor parental involvement, lack of school support, peer pressure, anger, anxiety, depression and stress. They are overwhelmed by negative thoughts and accompanied by profound guilt feelings. This affects them emotionally, psychologically and physically. This study focuses on the identification of the above experiences as lived by the young adolescents themselves in Soweto. Guidelines are described to support the young adolescents who are experiencing interpersonal challenges via negative thoughts, emotions and feelings. The application of the guidelines is thus not prescriptive but preventive and primarily aimed at providing support to the young adolescents, learning about their conditions, informing, educating and taking responsibility. The research design followed in this study is a qualitative design with an explorative, descriptive and contextual focus. The data were collected by means of phenomenological interviews and field notes. A literature control was used to verify the findings. The findings of this study were categorised in three categories. The three categories were used as a basis for inferring and describing guidelines to support adolescents who are undergoing interpersonal challenges. After the data analysis three broad categories were used as basis to describe guidelines that will support the young adolescents between the age of 15-17 years who experience interpersonal challenges. The first category reflects the adolescents’ experience of family relationships as challenging. The second category reflects the adolescents’ experience of peer relationships as challenging. The third category describes the adolescents’ views of school as playing a crucial role in their lives. The guidelines inferred from the three categories together with feedback from the participants during the phenomenological interviews were transcribed and described. These could be applied to support them in their experiences. It is hoped that this study will assist young adolescents who are experiencing interpersonal challenges to meet, cope and strategise plans for a better adult life. / Prof. C.P.H. Myburgh

M.Ed. / The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which effective human resource management serves as a powerful strategy for improving schools’ productivity. Since the riots of June 1976 in Soweto the culture of teaching and learning has deteriorated. Learners and educators were demotivated. The abrupt introduction of Outcomes-Based-Education in 1997 caused most qualified and experienced educators to resign from the teaching profession. It has also become difficult for the educators to discipline learners since the abolition of corporal punishment. The learners now have more rights and the South African Schools Act protects them. In this study, qualitative descriptive research design approaches were utilized. The researcher bracketed her own views of life and ideologies to avoid being subjective. She had to be objective in order to be able to know more about the philosophy which the school principals follow to improve the culture of teaching and learning. The researcher selected the sample randomly. Raw data was collected by observation, document check as well as interviewing the principals as managers, leaders and overseers of the Soweto Secondary Schools. Interviews which involved face-to-face interaction were conducted at natural setting that is at schools where the principals serve as managers and leaders. In this study an inductive process for data analysis was applied. The researcher used a highly heuristic qualitative approach which is characterized by the following five phrases: o The researcher read the transcript and filled them. o The responses of each topic were reviewed and the reaction of various respondents was compared with each other. o The transcripts were coded and reread (to eliminate preconceived ideas). This was done to gain a holistic perspective of the collected data. Important words and phrases were marked and underlined in order to identify information that is relevant for the study. o Categories were formulated through compilation of analytic memos. These categories were then clustered together to identify themes. o Finally creative synthesis, which enabled the researcher to bring together the interviewees’ stories as a whole was done. The main purpose was to describe, explore and analyze the experiences of the individual participant’s life. This was done through the condensation of extensive and varied data into a brief summary and through the establishment of a clearly defined relationship between the research problem, aims and other findings derived from raw data and literature survey. Findings from this study and from literature review suggest that if human resource is effectively managed, then, teaching and learning outcomes will also be discernibly maximized. The researcher found that at schools the principals are the initiators of a positive culture and climate. Their effectiveness improved the culture of teaching and learning through their collegiality, educative and transformative leadership. There is complete educative teaching and learning. The principals are collaborative leaders whoinvolve educators and other stakeholders to participate in decision-making. They attended School Management Team Skills workshops. They are empowered to manage and make constructive decisions for their schools. Teams are built and encouraged to support one another, share knowledge and skills and also to avoid individuals from isolating themselves. Educators attend workshops and have also established school subject teaching clusters with the surrounding schools where they can share their problems and come up with solutions. The negative attitudes, which prevailed, have absolutely disappeared. The researcher recommended that principals’ leadership style should be transformed to that of a democratic, participatory and collegial approach. Leaders should also facilitate change in the schools. She also highlighted that communities around the schools and parental involvement play significant roles in the smooth running of schools. / Prof. J.R. Debeila

M.Ed. (Psychology of Education) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.Phil. / This study was conducted against the theoretical background that local government has the responsibility to provide public leisure services to the communities. Leisure provides an ideal medium for the transmission of historical, social, and cultural values that promote desired norms, customs and social orientations, as such, it is vital to the community. For disadvantaged communities to experience the benefits of leisure, government has a major role to play in the provision of resources. The aim of the study was to describe and analyse the provision of local government sport and recreation services in the City of Johannesburg, Soweto area and to present alternative forms of public leisure service delivery to aid in ensuring that limited resources are distributed to all. In order to achieve the aim of the study, it was necessary to: 1. Present responsibilities of local government with regard to the provision of sport and recreation in local government. 2. Evaluate whether resources are available for the provision of public leisure services. 3. Analyse the feasibility and implications of the user fee charge policy in public leisure services. 4. Present alternative forms of public leisure service delivery to the City of Johannesburg. Theoretical background was dealt with in Chapter two. The chapter started by briefly explaining objectives that direct services in countries like Australia, Britain, Canada and Brazil. Information obtained assisted in explaining that governments can legitimise their policies in very different ways and that service delivery is driven by what the country intends to achieve. Governance structure of sport and recreation in South Africa was discussed. Focus was mainly on local government and its mandatory responsibility towards public leisure service delivery. The importance of leisure provisions in fulfilling human needs was illustrated. Literature also indicated that personnel, facilities, money, equipment tend to influence each other to produce leisure services to the community. At the same time, user fee charge policy and marketing of services can impact on service delivery. Through the discussion it was noted that resources are limited. In view of that, it became vital to present alternative forms of public leisure service delivery. Literature presented also assisted in constructing an empirical research based on literature provided. The instruments used to collect data were two questionnaires. One questionnaire was for facility managers and the other was for regional managers/ area managers/ operational managers. A pilot study was conducted to test the reliability and relevancy of the questionnaires which were then adapted accordingly. The main survey comprised forty respondents. Questionnaires were sent to all sixty two sport and recreation facilities owned by The City of Johannesburg in Soweto for facility managers to fill and only forty were returned. Five questionnaires were sent to regional managers/ area managers/ operational managers and were returned.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how adult education principles were being implemented in the teaching of adult learners at the Meadowlands Community Development Project (MCDP). The MCDP is a non-governmental organization (NGO) offering HIV and AIDS education to the community of Meadowlands and other townships of Soweto in Johannesburg. In attempting to educate and protect people against the HIV and AIDS epidemic, the organization has introduced and is currently implementing an adult and community education programme. This programme aims at assisting people, particularly adults in acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills to help curb the explosive death statistics in South Africa, and thereby improve their own lives and the lives of those in their communities. Problematic issues associated with the delivery of this programme related to how adult education principles were incorporated into teaching and learning activities. A qualitative research design was used to establish how adult education principles were being incorporated in a community health education programme that targeted adults. The methods of data collection that were utilised were non-participatory observations and semi-structured individual interviews with six participants. I used the constant comparative method of data analysis to search for recurring themes and patterns. The study revealed that most or all of the adult education principles prevalent in the literature were largely neglected in the planning and execution of the community health education programme and that facilitators need training in the area of learning for adults. Facilitators, for example, neglected most or all adult education principles: multiple roles of adult learners, to actively engage learners in what they were learning, the psychological safety of learners, team work and, among others, immediacy of learning. The study concludes with a few recommendations: the MCDP should utilise the services of educators who received specialised training in adult and community education. Additionally, more staff development training programmes, focusing on the incorporation of adult education principles, should be introduced. Also, facilitators should be taught to incorporate adult education principles and practices in their lesson plans. / Mrs. N.F. Petersen

Thesis (M.A.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, 1998.

The way in which adolescents perceive themselves and interact with peers, teachers and caregivers could determine whether they would drink alcohol and smoke dagga or not. Without positive self-concept amongst adolescents and experiencing of positive communication with caregivers, it can be said, there is a likelihood of drinking alcohol and smoking of dagga by adolescents. A 52-item questionnaire was constructed on the basis of current international and South African research on the adolescents who drink alcohol and smoke dagga. The biographical data was used as independent variables in the questionnaire. These independent variables included questions on age, gender, grade and the person who takes care of adolescent. The questionnaire was completed by 443 adolescents in grade 9 and 11 from one secondary school in Soweto. Of this total, 48,1% were males (N=213) and 51,9% were females (N=230). A factor analysis of the questionnaire revealed two statistically significant constructs and they were termed “Experience of locus of control with respect to school” (Chronbach alpha of 0.900) and “Experience of communication with caregivers by adolescents (0.892). With respect to the bivariate analysis of the relationships between (1)the gender of adolescents (2)the age of adolescents and who is the caregiver to the adolescent and the (1)drinking of alcohol and the (2)smoking of dagga, the following was found: • adolescents who lived with stepparents are more inclined to drink alcohol than adolescents who lived with both mother and father, single parents and other. • a significantly higher proportion of males drink alcohol man females who drink alcohol. • a significantly higher proportion of older adolescents (17 years, 18 years and older) drink alcohol than younger adolescents (16 years, 15 years and younger). The impact of this research would indicate that adolescents with negative self-concept about themselves display a significantly greater inclination towards drinking alcohol and smoking of dagga. Also, adolescents who live with stepparents display a significantly more negative experience of drinking alcohol and smoking of dagga than adolescents who live with both mother and father, single parents and other. / Prof. C.P.H Myburgh

M.Tech. (Architectural Technology) / This dissertation is rooted within the process of analysing and understanding the dynamics of the context, from which principles can be drawn. The project is founded with the aim to address the harsh edges between Kliptown informal settlement and Kliptown CBD, which are physically separated by railway tracks. This dissertation identifies the context as the ‘bank’ of design informants. Thus it forces the author to undergo a critical analysis of the context. The proposed site (Kliptown) forms a comprehensive layer of history, which has over time influenced both physical development and movement of the site. The project propose a physical intervention in a form of a bridge over the railway tracks in attempt to connect the two areas. The author engaged with the context to establish program for the architectural intervention. The education gap was established within the informal settlement, which was then used to establish the program for the intervention. The average shack size of 15 square meters is never enough for learners to do they school work after schooling hours, thus the proposed programme of the physical bridge forms part of the bridging concept. The program is more about bridging the educational gap within the context.

Water is a vital component for human survival but unsustainable patterns of water consumption are still evident internationally. In South Africa, water conservation has traditionally been limited to the responsibility of the state, with little effort being made by the consumers. However, as water scarcity increasingly becomes a problem, government and residents need to find out how urban South Africans can access water and implement water conservation methods in their homes without the support of government supervision programmes. This study explores the relationship between urban residences in two different parts of Johannesburg (Meadowlands in Soweto and Florida in Roodepoort) and their consumption, perception and usage of water and its conservation. Based on interviews with residents from different backgrounds, the results of this research show that residents have varied but generally limited concern for water issues. Findings from this study indicate that for a resident to conserve water, the type of abode in which he/she lives is irrelevant. Whether the resident lives in suburban home or small government funded housing, the attitudes of the interviewees and the perceptions which they expressed regarding solutions to the water dilemma proved to be similar: people in these urban areas are aware of the importance of water conservation, however, there is limited practice thereof. / Geography / M. Sc. (Geography)