Submitted by Cinthia Konichi Paulo (ckonichi@gmail.com) on 2011-10-07T15:12:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cinthia konichi_dissertação.pdf: 511777 bytes, checksum: 1c129baf36f0e318ab7c4303b9e4b2ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Virginio Machado (andrea.machado@fgv.br) on 2011-10-17T17:51:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cinthia konichi_dissertação.pdf: 511777 bytes, checksum: 1c129baf36f0e318ab7c4303b9e4b2ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-10-17T17:53:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cinthia konichi_dissertação.pdf: 511777 bytes, checksum: 1c129baf36f0e318ab7c4303b9e4b2ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-12 / In this survey, we presented the general idea and main results from what we understand that are the most important contributions to contractual solutions to the holdup problem literature. The aim of this paper is to push the previous analysis, uniform the notation and provide a snapshot on the most recent literature, as well as bring topics for future inquires on this issue. / Neste trabalho, apresentamos a ideia geral e principais resultados do que entendemos ser as contribuições mais importantes sobre soluções contratuais ao problema de holdup. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar os trabalhos de fronteira, uniformizar a notação, assim como apresentar ideias para pesquisa futura.

Companies are increasingly motivated to deal with the issue of sustainability not just from a moral standpoint, but also because these issues may be a major root of innovation. To achieve these sustainable innovations, the number of manufacturers who invest in specific resources has been increasing. Supplier contributions to manufacturing company sustainable innovations are influenced by particular investments and specially the human capital investments, which emphasizes the supplier's role in supporting the producer with sustainable innovations. The precise investments might help suppliers contribute to sustainable innovation. However, if a company invests too much in certain resources, such as human capital, the beneficial impacts of such investments may diminish, and the supplier's participation in sustainable innovation may be hampered. Various internal contingency variables can moderate the relationship between the specific investments and sustainable innovation contribution of suppliers. Thus, this study aims at this research gap. This research aimed to study the relationship between human capital specific investments and supplier sustainable innovation contribution in developed markets considering the role of learning and absorptive capacity, and market orientation. This research can be considered as the deductive, quantitative and field research in which the researchers collected the primary data by using a structured questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire confirmed through different quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research sample was chosen by using the convenience sampling. In order to respond to the questionnaire surveys, top- and middle-level managers from 355 Swedish corporations in which suppliers have been incorporated in the corporation’s sustainable innovation activities addressed. Finally, A total of 960 questionnaires for 355 companies handed out, and 102 being returned and analysed. The regression curve estimation method revealed that there is a linear relationship between human capital specific investments and supplier sustainable innovation contribution. Besides, through the hierarchical multiple linear regression, the researchers demonstrated that absorptive capacity and market orientation can play the moderating role in this relationship, while the learning capacity can partially play such role in this relationship. Eventually, the theoretical, managerial and sustainability implications discussed and the limitations of the research in addition to the future research possibilities addressed.

La presente Tesis Doctoral profundiza en el estudio de las relaciones comerciales establecidas entre los miembros del canal de distribución, con especial atención a la relación fabricante-distribuidor. El tema elegido responde a la evolución de escenarios competitivos y empresariales dentro del canal de distribución. El trabajo efectuado parte de una revisión teórica del estado de la cuestión de la investigación en canales de distribución, incluyendo los enfoques teóricos aplicados a canales de distribución, la naturaleza de los intercambios comerciales entre fabricantes y distribuidores, y las variables clave de las relaciones comerciales entre fabricantes y distribuidores. Sobre la base de la revisión teórica efectuada, se propone el modelo teórico y se establecen las hipótesis de investigación. Con objeto de dar respuesta a estas cuestiones se realiza una investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa en el sector de la panadería y repostería industrial. La fase de investigación cuantitativa utiliza un nivel de análisis diádico fabricante-distribuidor y la recogida de información se realiza mediante encuestas personales y postales.

本研究主要探討盈餘重編宣告如何影響重編公司之供應商的股價評價與實質投資決策。首先，本研究假設並發現，盈餘重編宣告除了導致重編公司的股價顯著下跌外，亦誘發其上游供應商的股價顯著下跌。實證進一步發現，供應商的股價依盈餘重編之資訊內涵而調整，促使投資人關注重編事件對上游供應商的預期盈餘之影響，也提醒投資人去關心上游供應商的財務報表品質。其次，本研究假設，盈餘重編宣告傳遞有關重編公司未來前景不佳及財務報表不實的資訊，將影響其供應商對投入特定關係資產所能獲得收益之預期，進而影響其對重編公司所投入的特定關係資產投資決策。實證結果支持前述假說，重編公司之供應商於重編宣告年度後將減少其研究發展支出，且此研究發展支出之變動與重編宣告所引起的股價變動具顯著關聯性。最後本文假設，重編公司扭曲其實際盈餘數字將影響供應商的投資決策，進而影響供應商的投資效率性。研究發現，供應商在重編公司財務報表誤述期間有顯著超額投資之現象。然而，此供應商之超額投資現象在盈餘重編宣告年度後不再顯著。 / This dissertation extends prior research on earnings restatements by examining the effects of earnings restatements on valuation and investment decisions of restating firms’ suppliers. First, this paper hypothesizes and finds that earnings restatements that adversely affect stock price of the restating firms also induce their suppliers’ stock price declines. These stock price declines are related to changes in analysts’ earnings forecasts and seem to reflect investors’ financial reporting quality concerns. Second, I hypothesize that earnings restatements contain information about the value of relationship-specific investments by suppliers. This information causes suppliers to revise their belief about the value of relationship-specific investments, and therefore affects their subsequent relationship-specific investment decisions. Consistent with my prediction, I find that changes in suppliers’ relationship-specific investments after restatement announcements are related to information in the restatements. Finally, I predict and find that a restating firm misreporting financial results induces its suppliers to make excess investments during the misreporting period, while excess investment is no longer positive after the restatement announcement.

This dissertation reports a series of studies on social influences in decision making with wide ranging marketing implications in areas such as gamification initiatives, participative pricing mechanisms, and charity fundraising strategies. The body of this work comprises of three indepth, stand-alone studies. The first study, "Contagion of the Competitive Spirit: The Influence of a Competition on Non-Competitors", investigates the influence of a competition on noncompetitors who do not participate in it but are aware of it. In a series of experimental studies, the study shows that the mere awareness of a competition can affect a non-competitor's performance in similar tasks. These experiments provide confirmatory and process evidence for this contagion effect, showing that it is driven by heightened social comparison motivation due to mere awareness of the competition. In addition, the study finds evidence that the reward level for the competitors could moderate the contagion effect on the non-competitors. The second study, "The Negative Effects of Precommitment on Reciprocal Behaviour: Evidence from a Series of Voluntary Payment Experiments", examines the effects of precommitment on reciprocal behaviour towards a forthcoming benefit. Through a series of experiments in several countries, the study shows that precommitment often weakens reciprocal behaviour. In two field experiments, a laboratory and an online experiment, the study finds consistent evidence that voluntary payment amounts decrease for individuals who are asked to precommit their payment. The results from a final online trust-game experiment support the posited mental-accounting mechanism for the effect. The third study, "Hold-Up Induced by Demand for Fairness: Theory and Experimental Evidence", explores the domain of hold-up and fairness concerns. While recent research suggests that fairness concerns could mitigate hold-up problems, this study proposes a starkly opposite possibility: that fairness concerns can also induce hold-up problems and thus significant inefficiencies. The study reports theoretical analysis and experimental evidence of hold-up in scenarios in which it will not occur if agents are purely self-interested, but could occur if they care about fairness at ex post negotiation.