Thesis (Ph.D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009. / Prepared for: Dept. of Anatomy and Neurobiology. Title from title-page of electronic thesis. Bibliography: leaves 151-167

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-206).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New Mexico, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-90).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2006. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Frances Lefcort. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-70).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-169).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01114.pdf: 3545903 bytes, checksum: 16ffa3cd108f92ce30100ddc3a442ad9 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IEA/T / Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo - FM/USP

abstract: Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the communication between supraspinal circuits and spinal circuits distal to the injury. This disruption causes changes in the motor abilities of the affected individual, but it can also be used as an opportunity to study motor control in the absence or limited presence of control from the brain. In the case of incomplete paraplegia, locomotion is impaired and often results in increased incidence of foot drag and decreased postural stability after injury. The overall goal of this work is to understand how changes in kinematics of movement and neural control of muscles effect locomotor coordination following SCI. Toward this end, we examined musculoskeletal parameters and kinematics of gait in rats with and without incomplete SCI (iSCI) and used an empirically developed computational model to test related hypotheses. The first study tested the hypothesis that iSCI causes a decrease in locomotor and joint angle movement complexity. A rat model was used to measure musculoskeletal properties and gait kinematics following mild iSCI. The data indicated joint-specific changes in kinematics in the absence of measurable muscle atrophy, particularly at the ankle as a result of the injury. Kinematic changes manifested as a decrease in complexity of ankle motion as indicated by measures of permutation entropy. In the second study, a new 2-dimensional computational model of the rat ankle combining forward and inverse dynamics was developed using the previously collected data. This model was used to test the hypothesis that altered coordination of flexor and extensor muscles (specifically alteration in burst shape and timing) acting at the ankle joint could be responsible for increases in incidence of foot drag following injury. Simulation results suggest a time course for changes in neural control following injury that begins with foot drag and decreased delay between antagonistic muscle activations. Following this, beneficial adaptations in muscle activation profile and ankle kinematics counteract the decreased delay to allow foot swing. In both studies, small changes in neural control caused large changes in behavior, particularly at the ankle. Future work will further examine the role of neural control of hindlimb in rat locomotion following iSCI. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Bioengineering 2012

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000835331.pdf: 1065395 bytes, checksum: e7bb730f232fea40414d2de0bea96dd9 (MD5) / Lesões da medula espinhal ocorrem frequentemente em pequenos animais em razão de causas exógenas ou endógenas. A lesão medular é classificada em extradural, intradural-extramedular e intramedular. Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar as lesões que envolvem a medula espinhal e seus diferentes achados e frequências à mielografia. Paralelamente, um outro estudo com seis pacientes com exames inconclusivos à mielografia foram submetidos à tomografia computadorizada contrastada e seus achados foram confrontados com a mielografia. Neste estudo foram reavaliados 154 casos de cães com suspeita clínica neurológica envolvendo a medula espinhal, os quais foram submetidos a exames radiográficos convencionais e à mielografia com composto iodado não iônico no período de 2008 a 2012. Os exames imaginológicos foram desenvolvidos no Setor Diagnóstico por Imagem do Hospital Veterinário Governador Laudo Natel da Faculdade de Ciências Agrária e Veterinária de Jaboticabal - Unesp. Entre as diferentes raças de cães, a Teckel foi mais acometida com a apresentação de 58 pacientes (38%). A faixa etária de maior ocorrência foi de cinco a oito anos, totalizando 67 cães (43,5%). A coluna cervical foi o segmento de maior ocorrência das lesões encontradas com 88 lesões (44%). A localização mais frequente das lesões foi extradural, correspondente a 191 lesões do total analisado (95,5%) e nove lesões foram intradurais-extramedulares (4,5%). Das lesões extradurais, 175 (91,6%) foram de origem degenerativa do disco intervertebral, protrusão/extrusão. Com exceção dos 154 casos, no primeiro semestre de 2013, em seis outros pacientes foram realizados, sequencialmente, mielografias e tomografia computadorizada. Nestes casos as lesões foram em região cervical: três casos (50%), dois na região lombar (33%) e um toracolombar (17%). Todas as lesões foram extradurais, três casos de extrusão do disco (50%), dois de... / Spinal cord injuries often occur in small animals due to exogenous or endogenous causes. Spinal cord injury is classified into extradural, intradural-extramedullary and intramedullary. This study aims to determine the lesions involving the spinal cord and its findings and different frequencies to myelography. At the same time, another study with six patients with inconclusive examinations to myelography underwent computed tomography contrasting and their findings were compared with myelography. In this study were reassessed 154 cases of dogs with neurological clinical suspicion surrounding the spinal cord, which underwent conventional radiographs and myelography with nonionic iodinated compound in the period 2008 to 2012. The imaging studies were developed in Sector Diagnostic Imaging Veterinary Hospital Governador Laudo Natel of the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Jaboticabal - Unesp. Among the different breeds of dogs, the Teckel were the most affected with the presentation of 58 patients (38%). The age group most frequent was 5-8 years, totaling 67 dogs (43.5%). The cervical column was the most frequent segment of the lesions found in 88 lesions (44%). The most common location of lesions was extradural corresponding to lesions of the total analyzed 191 (95.5%) and nine lesions were intradural extramedullary (4.5%). Extradural lesions of 175 (91.6%) were degenerative intervertebral disc protrusion / extrusion. Aside from the 154 cases in the first half of 2013, in six other patients were performed sequentially myelography and computed tomography. In these cases the lesions were in the neck: three cases (50%), two in the lower back (33%) and one thoracolumbar (17%). All lesions were extradural three cases of disc extrusion (50%), two protrusion (33.3%) and one for cancer/osteomyelitis (16.7%). The myelography permits, in most cases lead to a definitive diagnosis in patients with spinal cord compression injury. Computed ...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T18:48:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-08-12T18:50:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000865035.pdf: 2885145 bytes, checksum: 58689c1127487cd6a684985eb3d90f7a (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Introdução: a dexmedetomidina é um enantiômero dextrógiro da medetomidina, possui importantes ações sedativas e analgésicas. A dexmedetomidina é empregada como medicação pré-anestésica ou associada à anestesia pelas vias intravenosa, muscular, peridural ou subaracnoidea. Estudos clínicos mostram que quando utilizada no espaço peridural de seres humanos a dexmedetomidina não desencadeou lesões neurológicas. Pela via subaracnoidea a associação de pequenas doses do fármaco (3-10 g) com o anestésico resultou em aumento no tempo dos bloqueios sensitivo e motor, com manutenção da estabilidade hemodinâmica e algum grau de sedação. Os estudos sobre os efeitos da dexmedetomidina introduzida no espaço subaracnoideo, além de escassos, não asseguram que o agente não causa lesões neurológicas. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos que a dexmedetomidina, administrada pela via subaracnoidea em dose única, determina sobre a medula espinal e as meninges de coelhos. Método: vinte coelhos adultos jovens, fêmeas, pesando entre 3200 a 4900 gr com comprimento de coluna vertebral entre 36 e 40 cm foram divididas, por sorteio, em dois grupos (G): G1 solução fisiológica 0,9%, G2 dexmedetomidina (10 μg). Após anestesia venosa com cetamina e xilazina foi realizada punção subaracnoidea em S1-S2 guiada por ultrassom e injetada a solução sorteada. Os animais permaneceram em cativeiro por 21 dias sob observação clínica e foram sacrificados por decapitação e retirada a porção lombo-sacral da medula espinal para exame histológico [Hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e imuno-histoquímica para proteína glial fibrilar ácida (GFAP)]. Resultados: nenhum animal apresentou lesão histológica de tecido nervosa, entretanto 9 animais apresentaram alterações em meninges. Conclusão: neste modelo experimental em coelhos, a dexmedetomidina administrada no espaço subaracnoideo em dose única, não desencadeou alterações histológicas sobre o... / Background: dexmedetomidine is a dextrorotatory enantiomer of medetomidine, has important sedative and analgesic actions. This drug is used as premedication or associated with anesthesia by intravenous, muscular, epidural or subarachnoid. Clinical studies show that when used in the epidural space of human's dexmedetomidine did not cause neurological damage. By subarachnoid way the association of small drug doses (3-10 μg) with the anesthetic resulted in an increase in the time of sensory and motor block, maintaining hemodynamic stability and some degree of sedation. Studies on the effects of dexmedetomidine introduced into the subarachnoid space, besides scarce do not ensure that the agent does not cause neurological damage. Objective: to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine, administered by the intrathecal route in single dose, determines on the spinal cord and meninges of rabbits. Method: twenty young adult female rabbits, weighing 3200-4900 g with 36 spine length and 40 cm were divided by lot into two groups (G ): 0.9% saline G1, G2 dexmedetomidine (10 μg). After intravenous anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine spinal puncture was performed in S1 - S2 ultrasound guided and injected a random solution. The animals remained in captivity for 21 days under medical observation and were sacrificed by decapitation and removal of the lumbosacral portion of the spinal cord for histologic examination [hematoxylin and eosin (HE)] and immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Results: no animal showed histological lesions of nerve tissue; however 9 animals showed changes in meninges. Conclusions: in this experimental model in rabbits dexmedetomidine triggered no histological lesions of nerve tissue, but showed changes in meninges / FAPESP: 11/22262-1

Orientador: Júlio Carlos Canola / Banca: Paola Castro Moraes / Banca: Rosana Zanatta / Resumo: Lesões da medula espinhal ocorrem frequentemente em pequenos animais em razão de causas exógenas ou endógenas. A lesão medular é classificada em extradural, intradural-extramedular e intramedular. Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar as lesões que envolvem a medula espinhal e seus diferentes achados e frequências à mielografia. Paralelamente, um outro estudo com seis pacientes com exames inconclusivos à mielografia foram submetidos à tomografia computadorizada contrastada e seus achados foram confrontados com a mielografia. Neste estudo foram reavaliados 154 casos de cães com suspeita clínica neurológica envolvendo a medula espinhal, os quais foram submetidos a exames radiográficos convencionais e à mielografia com composto iodado não iônico no período de 2008 a 2012. Os exames imaginológicos foram desenvolvidos no Setor Diagnóstico por Imagem do Hospital Veterinário "Governador Laudo Natel" da Faculdade de Ciências Agrária e Veterinária de Jaboticabal - Unesp. Entre as diferentes raças de cães, a Teckel foi mais acometida com a apresentação de 58 pacientes (38%). A faixa etária de maior ocorrência foi de cinco a oito anos, totalizando 67 cães (43,5%). A coluna cervical foi o segmento de maior ocorrência das lesões encontradas com 88 lesões (44%). A localização mais frequente das lesões foi extradural, correspondente a 191 lesões do total analisado (95,5%) e nove lesões foram intradurais-extramedulares (4,5%). Das lesões extradurais, 175 (91,6%) foram de origem degenerativa do disco intervertebral, protrusão/extrusão. Com exceção dos 154 casos, no primeiro semestre de 2013, em seis outros pacientes foram realizados, sequencialmente, mielografias e tomografia computadorizada. Nestes casos as lesões foram em região cervical: três casos (50%), dois na região lombar (33%) e um toracolombar (17%). Todas as lesões foram extradurais, três casos de extrusão do disco (50%), dois de... / Abstract: Spinal cord injuries often occur in small animals due to exogenous or endogenous causes. Spinal cord injury is classified into extradural, intradural-extramedullary and intramedullary. This study aims to determine the lesions involving the spinal cord and its findings and different frequencies to myelography. At the same time, another study with six patients with inconclusive examinations to myelography underwent computed tomography contrasting and their findings were compared with myelography. In this study were reassessed 154 cases of dogs with neurological clinical suspicion surrounding the spinal cord, which underwent conventional radiographs and myelography with nonionic iodinated compound in the period 2008 to 2012. The imaging studies were developed in Sector Diagnostic Imaging Veterinary Hospital "Governador Laudo Natel" of the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Jaboticabal - Unesp. Among the different breeds of dogs, the Teckel were the most affected with the presentation of 58 patients (38%). The age group most frequent was 5-8 years, totaling 67 dogs (43.5%). The cervical column was the most frequent segment of the lesions found in 88 lesions (44%). The most common location of lesions was extradural corresponding to lesions of the total analyzed 191 (95.5%) and nine lesions were intradural extramedullary (4.5%). Extradural lesions of 175 (91.6%) were degenerative intervertebral disc protrusion / extrusion. Aside from the 154 cases in the first half of 2013, in six other patients were performed sequentially myelography and computed tomography. In these cases the lesions were in the neck: three cases (50%), two in the lower back (33%) and one thoracolumbar (17%). All lesions were extradural three cases of disc extrusion (50%), two protrusion (33.3%) and one for cancer/osteomyelitis (16.7%). The myelography permits, in most cases lead to a definitive diagnosis in patients with spinal cord compression injury. Computed ... / Mestre