The aim of the study was to compose and realize physiotherapeutic program for children with congenital heart disease to improve their postural-respirational function and to assess the influence of this program on cardiopulmonary functions of the patients. Our group had five patients with mean age of 15,6 years. Each of them underwent initial examination of the motor system, spirometry and spiroergometric exercise test. Physiotherapeutic program consisted of 8 individual therapies and home-based exercise. Therapy was composed from manual techniques, exercise according to Dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation concept and exercise with inspiratory trainer and improvised PEP system. The final examination was performed in the same manner as the initial one. We compared the results of both examinations, but we found no significant improvement after the physiotherapeutic program.

VLIV VZTAHU DÉLKY DOLNÍ KONČETINY A VELIKOSTI RÁFKU NA PSYCHOFZIOLOGICKOU ODEZVU ORGANISMU Cíle: Cílem této práce je posoudit vliv délky dolní končetiny (DK) na psychofyziologickou odezvu organismu při jízdě na horském kole s odlišnými velikostmi ráfků. Metody: Soubor probandů tvořilo 20 mužů ve věku 26,4 ± 4,2 let. Jednalo se o experiment. Psychofyziologická odezva byla stanovena na základě výkonu (zajetého času), tepové frekvence a subjektivním hodnocení jízdních vlastností horského kola a vlastního vynaloženého úsilí hodnoceného na Borgově škále. Ke kontrolní analýze při testování byl použit přístroj MetaMax 3B. Testovány byly tři velikosti ráfků o stejné šíři plášťů. Jízdy byly realizovány na 800 m dlouhém okruhu. Testované osoby absolvovali každou jízdu s individuálně zvoleným fixním převodem v poloze v sedle s maximálním možným úsilím. Výsledky: Při jízdě na různě velkých ráfcích jsme u skupiny č. 2 (85 -90 cm DK) shledali velký rozdíl (P = 0,016) v dosažených časech při jízdě na různě velkých ráfcích. U skupiny č. 1 jsme shledali významné rozdíly v průměrné tepové frekvenci (P = 0,010), který činil 3 tepy a u subjektivního hodnocení vlastního vynaloženého úsilí pomocí Borgovy škály jsme se pohybovali na hranici významnosti (P = 0,060). Skupina č. 3 (97 - 101 cm DK) se pohybovala na hranici...

Unklare Dyspnoe ist einer der Hauptvorstellungsgründe in den zentralen Notaufnahmen und pneumologischen Facharztpraxen [4]. Viele dieser Patienten hyperventilieren. Die Hyperventilation ist jedoch ein sehr unspezifisches Merkmal und kommt sowohl bei Pa- tienten mit Lungenerkrankungen, aber auch bei denen ohne Vorerkrankungen an der Lunge, sogar bei Patienten mit psychischen Störungen vor. Die PH ist weit verbreitet [1], wird spät erkannt [130, 160], geht ebenfalls mit einer Hy- perventilation einher und die Inzidenz der CTEPH scheint höher als bisher angenommen [1]. Goldstandard für die Diagnosestellung der PH ist der Rechtsherzkatheter [12]. Aller- dings wurde bereits vor 20 Jahren propagiert, dass mittels einer Spiroergometrie bei PH wegweisende Daten erhoben werden können und dies die Anzahl der notwendigen Rechtsherzkatheter reduzieren und im Gegenzug die Durchführung von Spiroergomet- rien steigern könnte [242, 243], um möglichst früh Patienten mit pulmonal-vaskulärer Hyperventilation von denen mit „Nicht pulmonal-vaskulärer Hyperventilation“ zu unter- scheiden. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Daten von Pateinten mit Hyperventilation analysiert (64 PAH, 46 CTEPH, 64 „Nicht pulmonal-vaskuläre Hyperventilation“) und bezüglich BGA und Spi- roergometrie ausgewertet. Anhand der BGA in Ruhe konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Grup- pen festgestellt werden. Während sich auch der kapillär gemessene pCO2Spiegel unter submaximaler Belastung bei vaskulär-assoziierter Bedarfshyperventilation und „Nicht pulmonal-vaskulärer Hyperventilation“ nicht signifikant unterschieden, zeigten die spiro- ergometrischen Parameter alle einen signifikanten Unterschied. Die höchste Sensitivität (83,6 %) und den besten negativ prädiktiven Wert (70,5 %) bei Betrachtung des Gesamt- kollektivs erreichte der Parameter VE/VCO2-slope, die beste Spezifität (82,8 %) und den höchsten positiven Vorhersagewert (88,5 %) war bei Aa-DO2 zu sehen. Auch der, während der Maximalbelastung in der Spiroergometrie gemessene pO2-Spie- gel unterschied sich in den Gruppen signifikant voneinander. Durch die Kombination mehrerer Parameter (VE/VCO2-slope, PETCO2 AT, Aa-DO2, P(a- ET)CO2 sowie pO2-Spiegel bei Maximalbelastung) kann eine Sensitivität von 82,7 % und 181 5 Zusammenfassung ein positiver Vorhersagewert von 89,2 % zur Erkennung der Patienten mit „Hyperventi- lation bei PAH/CTEPH“ erreicht werden. Die Spezifität liegt bei 82,3 % und der negativ prädiktive Wert bei 72,9 %. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die Spiroergometrie mit kombinierter BGA eine geeignete Methode ist, Patienten mit vaskulär-assoziierter Hyperventilation zu er- kennen bzw. nicht-invasiv die Prätest-Wahrscheinlichkeit für weitere Untersuchungen zu erhöhen. / Unclear dyspnea is one of the most common reasons for presenting in an emergency room or at a pulmonologist’s office. Many patients with unclear dyspnea hyperventilate. However, hyperventilation is a very unspecific characteristic of pulmonary disease that can also be found in patients without pre-existing pulmonary illness and even in patients with mental illness. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is widespread, diagnosed late and presents also with hyperventilation. The incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) appears to be higher than previously reported. Right heart catheterization is used as the gold standard for diagnosing PH. However, for already 20 years it has been suggested that cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can deliver informative results to differentiate patients with pulmonary-vascular hyperventilation from patients with “not pulmonary-vascular hyperventilation” early, so that the number of right heart catheterizations can be reduced. Here, we analyzed the data of blood gas analyses and cardiopulmonary exercise testing of patients who hyperventilate (64 with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), 46 with CTEPH, and 64 with “not pulmonary-vascular hyperventilation”). All parameters from the CPET resulted in significant differences between the groups. The best sensitivity (83.6 %) and the best negative predictive value (70.5 %) were achieved in the VE/VCO2-slope. Aa-DO2 was the parameter with the highest specificity (82.8 %) and positive predictive value (88.5 %). Also, there was a significant difference between the groups in the pO2-level at maximum load during CPET. A combination of certain parameters (VE/VCO2, PETCO2 AT, Aa-DO2, P(a-ET)CO2 and pO2-level at maximum load) could achieve a sensitivity of 82,7 % and a positive predictive value of 89.2 % to detect patients with “hyperventilation by PAH/CTEPH”. Here, the specificity was 82.3 % and the negative predictive value was 72.9 %. In summary, the combination of CPET and blood gas analyses is an appropriate method to detect patients with pulmonary-vascular hyperventilation or at least to non-invasively increase the pretest probability for follow-up examinations.

1 The Abstract The subjekt of the dissertation: Evaluation of morphological and functional parameters of physical fitness by using the escalating exercise test for students of the sports high school in Ostrava. The objectives of the dissertation: The main aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the changes of morphological and functional parameters after the annual training cycle for the students of a sports high school, using the escalating exercise test on the bicycle ERGO meter during sports medical examination. Methodology: Research investigation was carried out in the preparatory period for all students tested in 2012 and then in 2013 after annual training. In preparation for the investigation were included 101 students of a sports high school in the field of sports preparation. They were divided into 4 experimental groups: women up to 15 years of age, males up to 15 years, women over 15 years of age and men over 15 years. There were involved the competitors of following disciplines in the investigation - sports-judo, athletics, volleyball, swimming, basketball, sports and modern gymnastics. We measured the indicators of morphological parameters of physical fitness using bioelectrical impedance (BIA), which provided us with the results of the body fat, body weight and BMI. Body height was measured...

Title: Determining the relationship of spiroergometric testing on the canoe ergometer and in canoe sprint by elite competitors. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the results of aerobic exercise diagnostics in canoeing and on the canoe ergometer by Czech national team members in canoe sprint. Methods: Within our study we tried to find out and compare the physiological response of two functional load exercise diagnostics in canoeing and on the canoe ergometer. To obtain the functional values of physiological indicators in both tests we used mobile spiroergometric equipment Cortex Metamax 3B and sport tester Polar RS 800. Results: Testing canoeists paddling on flat water reached the following average functional values: maximal heart rate (HR) 181 min-1 (±3,9), maximal values of blood lactate (LA) 8,04 ml.l-1 (±1,6), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) 51,6 ml.kg.min-1 (±6,7), maximal ventilation (VEmax) 140,2 l.min-1 (±26,5), respiratory rate (RR) 51 min-1 (±3,7), metabolic load (Rmax) 1,14 (±0,07) and anaerobic threshold (ANT) 166 (±7,2). When paddling the canoe ergometer, they reached the average maximum values: maximal heart rate (HR) 181 min-1 (±5,2), maximal values of blood lactate (LA) 9,1 mmol.l-1 (±2,9), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) 56,4...

Title: Power output and selected cardiorespiratory parameters in elite athletes during the third to fourth week after COVID-19 infection Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to compare power output and selected cardiorespiratory parameters in elite athletes before and three to four weeks after COVID- 19 infection. Since the elite athletes undergo these health checks on a yearly basis, it is possible to compare the data before and immediately after the infection without difficulty. Methods: This thesis has a character of a quantitative research based on testing the outcomes with confirming or denying hypotheses. Out of the total of 64 elite athletes with the CPET data after the infection 17 athletes, fulfilling other criteria, were selected. I was provided with the data by Centrum sportovní medicíny z. s.. These values became the foundation for statistical hypotheses testing. Analysis of the data was done by means of a pair t-test in R software. Results: There were no significant differences in the majority of the spirometry parameters. Only the inspiration vital capacity was significantly higher (p = 0,004) after the COVID-19 infection in 14 athletes with 0,21±0,18 l improvement. There were significant differences in five of CPET parameters. Load in RCP was significantly lower (p = 0,011) in 13...

- 6 - Abstract Title: Comparison of performance tests results determined during kayak spiroergometry with achieved kayak paddling performance. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine relationships between functional parameters values found during kayak spiroergometry and sport performance at 1000 meters distance, and how are these relationships going to change based on training period. Methods: To determine statistical dependence between sport performance at 1000 meters distance and choosen factors of sport performance, the correlation research was used - as a variable-dependent value the final result of sport performance at 1000 meters distance was used, as a variable-independent amounts functional parameters values found during kayak spiroergometry were used. To discover the statistical dependence methods of Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used. Results: General level of kayak-athletes from testing file indicated by functional parameters values and demonstrated by kayak spiroergometry performance depends on kayak- athlete's level of sport performance at 1000 meters distance in prepared-training period only, when importance for general condition is emphasized. We did not discover the same phenomenon based on pre-racing period testing results. Sport performance at...

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This thesis analyzes the physical predispositions of students from the first grade of the physical education who attended a ski course. This course took place in France. This fact is quite important for the thesis because the course took place in a higher altitude. The main aim of the thesis is to compare results of tested probands before and after the course. At first, there was an information meeting where we provided more information about the aim of this thesis and about the testing. After this meeting we went to KTVS laboratory where the first measuring happened. After that all probands and other students left for the ski course to France for a week. The accommodation was in an Alpe d´Huez center which is situated 1860 meters and the highest point of it which is 3330 meters above the sea level. Probands were practicing in very high altitude all week. In this thesis we also look at how hard it is to work in this altitude, what kind of advantages and disadvantages it might have and which danger might come up. It is also necessary to think about the process of how probands should prepare themselves not to underestimate anything. The second measuring happened after the return to the Czech Republic. It also took place in KTVS laboratory. After the measuring we started analyzing all measured data of probands. We compared this data. After that we realised what this course brought to the students. We wanted to know what happens in following parts: body composition, Wingate test, spiroergometry and spirometry. In each part we were interested in some specific parameters that are related to this topic. We included specific parameters like: body fat, muscle mass, body water, maximum performance, average performance, maximum 5 seconds performance, fatigue index, VO2max, oxygen pulse, minute respiratory volume and vigorous vital capacity.

Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen spielen eine immer dominanter werdende Rolle als Ursachen von Morbidität und Mortalität. Endotheliale Dysfunktion, Arteriosklerose und ischämische Herzerkrankungen sind unangefochten die häufigsten Todesursachen in hochentwickelten Ländern. Die Krankheitslast kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen wird durch die globale Zunahme von Risikofaktoren wie Übergewicht, metabolischem Syndrom und Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 in Zukunft wohl weiter steigen. Keines der in der heutigen Form existierenden Gesundheitssysteme ist den gesundheitlichen Folgen dieser bedenklichen epidemiologischen Entwicklung gewachsen, ohne dafür beträchtliche Einschnitte in Qualität oder Quantität hinnehmen zu müssen. Präventivmedizinische Strategien haben im Vergleich zur Akutmedizin bisher eine wesentlich geringere Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Aufgrund der weiterhin steigenden Krankheitslast werden gerade präventivmedizinische Strategien immer wichtiger. Die Ermittlung der individuellen kardiovaskulären Gesundheit beinhalten neben einer Untersuchung wichtiger physiologsicher Kernsysteme, einen besonderen Fokus auf die Stärkung der gesundheitlichen Eigenverantwortung durch Vermittlung entsprechender medizinischer Zusammenhänge. Dies kann durch geeignete und prognostisch wertvolle Untersuchungsmethoden und laienverständliche Interpretationen der komplexen kardiovaskulären Zusammenhänge realisiert werden. Mithilfe eines besseren Verständnisses für die eigene kardiovaskuläre Gesundheit und gezielter konkreter Hilfestellungen von ärztlicher Seite, können grundlegende Strukturen für einen achtsameren Umgang mit der eigenen Gesundheit geschaffen werden. Alltägliche körperliche Aktivität, Körperzusammensetzung, Gefäßsteifigkeit und die maximale Leistungsfähigkeit bilden aktuellen Studien zufolge vier relativ einfach zu erhebend Hauptdeterminanten kardiovaskulärer Gesundheit mit großer prädiktiver Vorhersagekraft für kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse. Die Einordnung der Untersuchungsbefunde unter Berücksichtigung altersentsprechender Referenzdaten bietet zusätzlich die Möglichkeit, chronologisches und biologisches Alter zu differenzieren. Darüber hinaus könnte das hier vorgestellte Untersuchungskonzept ebenso dafür eingesetzt werden, die Effektivität von zuvor eingeleiteten therapeutischen Strategien zu überprüfen und eine Übermedikation zu vermeiden. Ein stärkerer Fokus auf nachhaltige kardiovaskuläre präventivmedizinische Strategien birgt das Potential Morbidität und Mortalität zu Reduzieren und die Lebensqualität und Selbstbestimmung der Klienten zu steigern. / Nowadays endothelial dysfunction, arteriosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease depict major issues in most developed countries. Chronic diseases cause an increasing number of deaths worldwide. Responsible for approximately 30% of all deaths, this number is shocking despite the knowledge that these lives could be saved in a realistic point of view. However, disturbing global tendencies and the increase in epidemic overweight, obesity, glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus type 2 seem to amplify cardiovascular diseases and deaths. No existing medical care system could ever sufficiently match these emergent burdens of global chronic diseases if these tendencies will continue to grow. Due to fatal epidemiological changes general practitioners will not only have to treat more diseases of elderly people, but also be the first contact person for enquiries about their health concerning the cardiovascular systems of younger and older generations. Strengthening prevention concerning cardiovascular diseases is probably the most efficient and only way to escape the vicious circle of pathophysiological processes. To implement cardiovascular prevention it is essential to focus on cardiovascular health rather than on cardiovascular disease. In order to master this challenge sufficiently a deliberate concept of preventive examinations for cardiovascular health is required to quantify cardiovascular wellness and sharpen the awareness of one’s health. Therefore, it is to establish precise, predictive and cost-efficient examination methods to quantify cardiovascular health and subclinical changes at early stages of a disease. Broader acceptance of the preventive potential and the use of modern technological advances could therefore be a powerful instrument to solve the growing global problem of chronic diseases. In this context the routine evaluation of daily physical activity, body composition, arterial stiffness and the maximum physical performance could be a starting point for a preventive diagnostic approach. They can serve as future parameters reflecting health, detecting subclinical diseases and encouraging people’s responsibility for their own health. Detailed information about the major cardiovascular parameters opens specific and efficient course of action to create multiple strategies for gaining or rehabilitating cardiovascular wellbeing