No description available.

No description available.

Organizations in sport and affiliated industries are gamifying their products by embedding affordances that make games attractive. While the sport industry enjoys the benefits of gamification, the literature on gamified sport products is scattered and ambiguous. Three studies were conducted to address these concerns. First, a systematic review of existing literature on gamified sport products was conducted to offer an understanding of the current state of research. Second, practitioners within organizations that manage gamified sport products were interviewed to understand the organizational practices employed to enhance consumer engagement. Third, a survey-based experiment was conducted to investigate consumers’ motivation to engage in gamified sport products that utilize AI based matchmaking. Results illuminate the growing trend in research of gamified sport products that predominantly investigates the consumer’s perspective and gamified fitness products. Furthermore, the factors that explain the ambiguity in consumer behavior toward different gamified sport products are highlighted. A model is developed that includes the different practices that are informed by the organization’s sensemaking processes and their influence on consumer’s cognition, resulting in consumer acquisition and retention. Lastly, results suggest that the application of AI based matchmaking in challenges leads to consumer’s motivation to engage with the gamified product because of the gameful experience derived. This relationship becomes more prominent as the consumer’s desire for competition increases. Collectively, the studies pave the way for future research in gamified sport products and guide practitioners in developing gamified sport products that enhance consumer engagement. / Tourism and Sport

No description available.

No description available.

Successful innovations have been assumed by prior literature to ultimately be adopted by all competitors within an industry based on social explanations or economic rationale specific to the efficiency of the innovation. However, capabilities possessed by a firm can enhance or inhibit the adoption based upon their similarity to those used in the innovation. In categorizing a firm's capabilities as complementary, substitutive, or neutralizing to the innovation, this study provides an economic explanation for the role of internal capabilities in adoption decisions. Using a sample of professional football teams adopting the West Coast Offense, I find that capabilities influence the decision process in favor of adopting for organizations with complementary and substitutive capabilities. The role of knowledge from the innovator is highlighted in adopting the innovation, but fails to moderate the relationship between adoption and firm performance. I also illustrate how adopting firms with complementary capabilities outperform those organizations with similar capabilities that elect not to adopt. Finally, I demonstrate that firms with neutralizing capabilities are better off not adopting the innovation based on comparative performance of adopters and non-adopters. The overall results suggest a greater emphasis on internal capabilities of the firm in innovation adoption and reconsideration of theories stating that innovations should be adopted throughout an industry.

In September 2017, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that, for the first time in its history, it would award the hosting of two different Olympic Games at the same time, giving the 2024 and 2028 Summer Olympic Games to Paris and Los Angeles respectively. As a result, the question is raised as to why the IOC broke tradition in its host city selection process. The break of tradition is presumably due to a lack of candidates to host the 2028 Summer Olympics. With prior host cities reporting astronomical costs and high debt balances associated with hosting, many cities have retracted their bids or have refused to submit candidature bids altogether. The Olympics are one of the largest, most economically impactful mega-events in modern culture. While hosting does provide a nation with the opportunity to show off its infrastructure and culture before millions of people worldwide, the costs to host the event have steadily risen as the Olympics have become a larger and larger spectacle. This study uses a logistic regression model to determine the relative factors that determine a city's willingness to bid and uses the results to draw conclusions as to why the willingness to host has fluctuated across time. The results show a definite change in the probabilities of a potential city bidding to host the Olympic Games across time and also provide insight into the factors that determine these changes in probabilities. By determining these conclusions, this study hopes to provide insight into ways that hosting the Olympics can become accessible to all prospective host cities so that there is increased competition in the host city selection process.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.