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由於海外華人分布區域廣闊，各地國情不同，各國華僑的適應情況亦相異，即使華人研究之成果已相當豐碩，對特定地區和議題的華人，例如海外領事館和華人的互動關係，仍然有待更多的耕耘和開墾。 從清末以降，中國人或為謀生或為政治，開始南移至南洋。在馬來亞地區的華人移民靠著礦業和商業的經營逐漸培植出經濟勢力，因而引起當地政府和馬來人之疑慮。日後經歷英國殖民政府的「分而治之」和日本軍政府的「種族分離」政策，在政治上受到扶持的馬來人漸漸地對具有經濟優勢之華人產生嫌隙，埋下華巫種族問題的伏筆。太平洋戰爭發生之前，大多數的馬來亞華人對政治並不熱衷。直至中國對日抗戰，民族主義的浪潮席捲新、馬的華人社會，傾中國的政治意識才在華人之間擴散。戰爭結束後，英國勢力重返馬來亞，實行開明的政策，當地各華人政黨、社團均因而得到自由發展的空間，中國國民黨馬來亞支部和馬來亞共產黨都趁機擴展了本身的勢力。隨著英國為馬來亞安排獨立自治的進程而制定新憲制，華人的政治認同與馬來人要求華人同╱歸化的訴求，成為英國殖民政府和華人、馬來人之間交涉的重要課題。馬來亞共產黨在戰後改走武裝鬥爭路線，其發動叛亂使馬來亞進入緊急狀態，政治情勢更為混亂。在當地嚴峻的政治考驗之下，馬來亞華人必須自行抉擇將何去何從，中國的國共內戰復讓華人意興闌珊，去留問題再無法逃避。正當政治動盪不安的年代，中國的國民黨政府要在馬來亞推行僑務並爭取華人的支持也就面臨更大的困難。 中華民國駐馬來亞領事館非正式的外交機構，其職能是維護當地中國僑民的權益與促進當地與本國的商業利益，而領事館在僑務上的作為乃是本文關注的焦點。新馬兩地的華人政治十分複雜，益以戰後華巫種族衝突日漸惡化，英國殖民政府又先後推行馬來聯邦和馬來亞聯合邦政策，駐馬來亞領事館欲推行保僑工作，經常須與當地政府進行交涉，而交涉過程中所透露的訊息，當有助於了解領事館與華僑之間的關係。由一九四五年至一九五○年閉館為止，乃中華民國駐馬來亞領事館的運作最積極的階段。雖然抗日運動將馬來亞華人與中國的關係重新密切相連，可是戰後的時局瞬息萬變，馬來亞的住民要爭取獨立，又面臨國內種族融合的問題，華僑的國籍認同和公民權問題頓成燃眉之急。當地華人分別集結爭取權益，由於不同的華僑╱華人團體看待中國政府之態度日益分歧，領事館的保僑工作亦面臨更大的挑戰。當華僑面對保留中國國籍或歸化當地國籍的重大抉擇之時，中國駐馬來亞領事館在維護華僑權益的前提之下如何應對時局變化，並維繫華僑與中國政府的關係，其中曲折頗有研究之價值。 本研究擬從中國駐馬來亞地區領事館出發，透過外交部檔案之爬梳，探討領事館在當地推動保僑工作的歷程，期望透過對領事館的研究，進一步觀察戰後馬來亞華僑與中國政府的關係。由於現今國史館館藏之外交檔案中，有關駐馬來亞各領事館的史料仍未得到充份利用，而各領事館卻是少數得與華僑直接接觸並推行僑務政策者，相關檔案可能是呈現當時當地華人社會之情況的一手資料，亦期能藉由研究基層的僑務運作，思考中國僑務政策之得失。是故使用此一批外交檔案進行研究，可從領事館的實際運作，了解中國僑務政策之實然面，或許也可以從新的角度一窺當地華人社會和政治之發展。 本論文從緒論到結論共分作五章，各章節內容分別概述如下： 第一章：緒論。說明本文之研究動機、研究方法及架構，並簡略地介紹與本論文密切相關的參考文獻。 第二章：戰前的馬來亞與華人概況。本章節先敘述馬來亞華人的社會概況，然後論述中國的僑務機構與海外華僑的關係，同時也敘述了華僑的國籍問題，以及駐馬來亞領事館的沿革。最後，英國在馬來亞地區的殖民統治，與日本軍國主義的短暫佔領，也是討論馬來亞華人歷史所不能忽略的歷史背景。 第三章：戰後的領事館與華僑。本章節除了簡單地敘述戰後駐馬來亞各領事館的工作概況，將針對中英新約在馬來亞實施，以及緊急狀態時期的保僑工作如華僑被遣返、墾民搬遷等問題，進行重點且深入的探討，希望了解立場分歧的華人社會，如何與領事館產生互動。 第四章：華僑國籍與認同問題。本章將針對馬來亞聯邦政策、馬來亞聯合邦政策對華人的國籍和身份認同的衝擊，探討各領事館甚至中國外交當局對華僑爭取當地公民權的事件究竟如何看待，又採取了哪些策略。章節中也將論及馬來亞華人公會在緊急狀態時期之崛起。 第五章：結論。綜合各章的研究分析，論述戰後的駐馬來亞領事館與馬來亞華人社會的關係，並嘗試評析其中的得失進退，以補充並豐富有關戰後馬來亞華人政治發展的研究。

Thesis. 1975. M.C.P.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : leaves 118-121. / M.C.P.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984.

Drawing on the manuscript records of the Department of Crown Lands, its published reports, and case law, this thesis examines the illegal occupation of rural land, known as squatting in the Eastern Townships of Quebec in the period 1838 to 1866. By 1838, demographic pressure in the seigneuries, inflated land prices due to speculation, and inaccessible public land granting practices had made squatting a commonplace strategy for land acquisition. The responses to squatting of the Department of Crown Lands, the Legislature and the judiciary are analysed for what they implied about ideas of property in Lower Canada. / While the Department of Crown Lands' policy of pre-emption affirmed that squatters held rights to public land because they laboured to cultivate and improve it, the legislature refused to acknowledge that squatters could acquire such rights on private land; nine out of ten bills intended to ensure ejected squatters a systematically determined remuneration for improvements made by them on the private property of absentees failed to pass into law during the period. Most were rejected by the Legislative Council which defended the interests of landed wealth. / Lower Canadian courts, meanwhile, struggled to sort out laws relating to squatting. Ultimately they found that while squatters on private property owned their improvements, they had no right to the land itself. Thus the judiciary applied a bifurcated concept of property to rural land in Lower Canada despite the prevalence of liberal theories of absolute property rights during the nineteenth century.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2005. / Title from title screen (viewed May 13, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliography.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984. / Also available in print.

M.A. / Squatter settlements have mushroomed all over South Africa. The Government no longer can turn the blind eye on this phenomenon. There is an urgent need to develop policy to deal with this matter and also to intervene in a manner that is not only going to control the problem but also bring satisfaction to all the parties involved. This study was undertaken to, investigate the needs of communities in squatter settlements. This study was based on literature and research from South Africa and KwaZulu-Natal. The respondents of the study were people who are involved with settlements, Community leaders, Social workers and Community Workers. Qualitative design of exploratory nature was conducted. Thirteen people participated in focus groups. Three focus group interviews were conducted. The sample was representative of the population under study. One limitation was that some interviews were conducted in Zulu and later translated into English, which might have resulted in a loss of meaning in some instances since there are some Zulu words that do not exist in English. The results showed that most of the needs of squatter settlements are basic. Valuable results emerged as how those needs can be met, to the satisfaction of the communities. Conclusions and recommendations for further research were discussed according to results from the study.

M.Phil. (Educational Linguistics) / The construct of this study consists of the perceptions and experiences of unqualified junior primary teachers in an INSET project which covered the teaching of initial reading. The rationale for the study is that scientific inquiry into an organically constructed teaching programme could yield new knowledge which is rooted in a specific and complex context such as the informal settlement communities where the teachers involved in this research project teach. The research report commences with an orientation to the study in which the groundless of the design is presented and discussed. It includes a brief presentation of the researcher's presuppositions and assumptions as well as a description of the physical context of the research. Subsequently the theoretical framework is presented, consisting of theory of INSET, specifically in the South African context as well as theory of reading and the teaching of initial reading. The final part of the framework covers reading across the curriculum. The theoretical framework is presented as support structure for the construct and also to problematical the research question (problem) from complementary angles. In the following section of the report the design of the field research is discussed against the background of the paradigm of qualitative research, describing especially the case study format as mode of exploratory, descriptive research. The analysis of verbal data as major research activity is emphasized. The data of the report are then presented in the format of examples of the route from raw data, through data-in-process, the to processed and categorized data. The process of coding and categorizing is emphasized.