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Characterisation of ocean island basalt sources : St. HelenaChaffey, David John January 1988 (has links)
The extrusive and intrusive members of the St. Helena rock suite (SHRS) are formed in an intra-oceanic plate tectonic setting as part of two shield volcanoes. The SHRS vary from picrobasalts to phonofites. The former represent mantle derived melts, whereas the remainder of the suite have undergone differing degrees of crystal fractionation. A stratigraphic framework is developed to illustrate temporal geochemical variations over 2 Ma of subaerial activity. This is accomplished in conjunction with a detailed field study of the SHRS by Baker(1968) which is shown to be largely accurate. It is demonstrated that ascending magma batches are substantially modified by crystal fractionation and subsequent alteration processes. Petrogenetic modelling shows that the genesis of the SHRS is consistent with small degree (1-10%) melting of an olivine - clinopyroxene - orthopyroxene - garnet source containing a residual K-rich phase. Combined Sr-Nd-Pb isotope and fractionation corrected trace element data for fresh rocks enable consideration of changing thermal and chemical fluxes impinging on and interacting with the base of the lithosphere over a period of at least 2 Ma. The existence of two geochemically distinct components in the source region is indicated. A H/MU (high 238U /104Pb)c omponent has extremely radiogenic Pb isotopes (206Pb/104Pb> 20.8) with 143Nd/'44Nd and 87S8r,6 Sr displaced below the mantle array. The complementary depleted component has less radio genic Pb and Sr isotopic compositions and more radio genic Nd compositions. The limited variation of geochemical compositions in the SHRS (caused by mixing of these components) is attributed to the dissimilarity of the components in terms of their trace element abundance and their similarity in terms of ratios of highly incompatible elements. Coupled trace element and isotope variations are evident during the activity of each volcano. During shield development an increase in incompatible trace element enrichment occurs. This is coupled to a decrease in 143Nd/'44Nd, whilst Sr and Pb become progressively more radiogenic. The time dependent variations are thought to be consistent with mixing and melting processes occurring at the base of, or within the lithosphere. A decrease in the signature of the depleted component at the end of activity of the NE volcano and SW volcano is the inferred result of a decreasing thermal flux acting on the base of the lithosphere. With lower heat input less fusion of the depleted component (from the asthenosphere or lithosphere) occurs resulting in an increased H/MU signature in the erupted products through time. Previous explanations for the development of the dominant HIMU component are critically reviewed by considering shared isotope and trace element characteristics for HIMU OIB. U-Th-Pb systematics suggest the HIMU component has remained discrete from other mantle components for approximately 2 Ga. The fractionation event producing the H/MU component is shown to cause an increase in U/Pb and a decrease in Rb/Sr and Th/U.. This is thought to be consistent with a model suggested by Hofmann and White(1980,1982). in which HIMU represents ancient recycled altered oceanic crust. It is demonstrated that other models are less tenable. It is thought that the HIMU characteristics necessitate modification of oceanic crust in subduction zones in addition to the geochemical changes caused by hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crust.
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St. Helenabaai : 'n geografiese studieHagen, P. D. K 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Stellenbosch University, 1951. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming
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Cape-Helena: An exploration of nostalgia and identity through the Cape Town - St. Helena migration nexusSamuels, Damian January 2018 (has links)
Magister Artium - MA (History) / In
the
following
two
chapters
I
will
attempt
to
offer
a
more
systemic
account
of
St.
Helena
immigration
to
South
African
between
1838
and
1948.
To
date,
no
such
study
has
been
undertaken,
despite
a
vibrant
oral
tradition
amongst
the
descendants
of
St.
Helena
immigrants
celebrating
their
St.
Helenian
heritage
and
often,
in
peculiar
fashion,
romanticise
their
Island
of
provenance.
The
commencement
date
for
my
chosen
timeframe
emerges
from
a
need
to
authenticate
rather
tenuous
historical
accounts
of
St.
Helena’s
first
mass
emigration
for
the
Cape
of
Good
Hope
in
1838.
Where
cases
of
migration
are
discussed,
these
are
either
incidences
of
large-scale 41,
often
aided,
migration
and
settlement,
or
of
those
St.
Helena
migrant
workers
initially
employed
under
temporary
contacts
to
work
in
South
Africa,
specifically
within
burgeoning
industrial
sectors
of
the
late-nineteenth
or
early-twentieth
century
South
Africa.
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Cape-Helena: An exploration of nostalgia and identity through the Cape Town - St. Helena migration nexusSamuels, Damian January 2018 (has links)
Magister Artium - MA / For
an
Island
measuring
merely
128
square
kilometers,
and
in
spite
of
its
remote
location
in
the
mid-South
Atlantic,
St.
Helena
“punches
way
above
its
weight
in
history”,
earning
and
occupying
a
privileged
place
in
British
scholarship
of
its
imperial
thalassocratic
age.
However,
prior
to
this
period
in
which
the
Island
was
indispensible
to
British
Empire
formation,
it
had
passed
through
the
hands
of
at
least
two
former
European
naval
nations
before
it
was
eventually
laid
claim
to
and
effectively
colonised
by
the
British.
The
Portuguese,
who
were
the
first
to
stumble
upon
the
uninhabited
Island
in
1502
-
naming
it
St.
Helena
in
honour
of
Roman
Emperor
Constantine
the
Great’s
mother
-
managed
to
keep
its
existence
a
closely
guarded
secret
for
over
eight
years.
For
nearly
a
century,
the
Island
was
reserved
for
exclusive
use
by
the
Portuguese
as
a
port
for
recuperation,
replenishing
and
re-provisioning,
which
they
usually
visited
on
their
homebound
journey
from
trading
(and
conquering)
in
the
East
Indies.
This
Portuguese
monopoly
of
use
of
the
Island,
however,
ended
during
the
last
decade
of
the
sixteenth
century
when
other
maritime
nations,
particularly
Dutch
and
later
English
traders,
became
aware
of
and
started
frequenting
the
Island.
The
initial
overlap
period,
constituting
the
first
three
decades
of
the
seventeenth
century
when
mostly
the
Dutch
and
Portuguese
shared
use
of
the
Island,
was
cause
for
occasional
hostile
encounters
between
the
two
nations.
Apparently,
continued
Dutch
and
English
harassment
of
Portuguese
(and
Spanish)
ships
made
visiting
the
Island
untenable
for
the
Portuguese
who
opted
to
avoid
St.
Helena
and
instead
make
use
of
a
number
of
their
other
port
‘possessions’
along
the
West
African
coastline
to
replenish
and
repair
their
ships.
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Towards the intercultural communication of the Gospel: a response to change in the St Helenian cultureAppollis, Edward Adrian 30 November 2004 (has links)
St Helena Island in the South Atlantic Ocean has been changing for over a decade. The way the people on the Island respond to the change affects the way in which the Gospel is communicated, and this has missiological implications. This raises the question; what influence does change have on the way the Gospel is communicated? If people are resistant to social change, will they be open to change required by the Gospel? How will good intercultural skills help? To fully address the Island's response to change, one needs to look at the interplay of change, culture and communication. It also important to consider how these three elements can be monitored and managed by both the Saints and the clergy alike. This will become the basis for my proposal of focusing the intercultural communication of the Gospel on the ever-changing world of the youth. / Christian Spirit, Church History, Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)
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Extant benthic Foraminifera from two bays along the SW coast of South Africa, with a comment about their use as indicators of pollutionToefy, Rashieda January 2010 (has links)
<p>The results of the multivariate analyses suggest that most of the variation in the composition of the samples was of an intra-sample nature, illustrating large scale patchiness in foraminiferal distribution. There were, however, definite differences between communities around Robben Island and in St Helena Bay, and least variation was found between the control and pipeline sites, and between the stations of each site. When the trace metal concentrations and the percentage nitrogen increased, the richness, diversity and abundance of foraminifera tended to decrease. Sediment grain size positively affected abundance but negatively affected diversity and richness. In both areas mean grain size did not, however, appear to play a very large role in influencing diversity. Cadmium, copper, chromium, the percentage nitrogen and the mean grain size were identified as the most important variables influencing the community structure by the BIOENV BEST routine in PRIMER. The trace metals and percentage nitrogen only had negative effects on the diversity and abundance as well as on the abundance of the dominant genera, whereas the mean grain size had variable effects.</p>
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Extant benthic Foraminifera from two bays along the SW coast of South Africa, with a comment about their use as indicators of pollutionToefy, Rashieda January 2010 (has links)
<p>The results of the multivariate analyses suggest that most of the variation in the composition of the samples was of an intra-sample nature, illustrating large scale patchiness in foraminiferal distribution. There were, however, definite differences between communities around Robben Island and in St Helena Bay, and least variation was found between the control and pipeline sites, and between the stations of each site. When the trace metal concentrations and the percentage nitrogen increased, the richness, diversity and abundance of foraminifera tended to decrease. Sediment grain size positively affected abundance but negatively affected diversity and richness. In both areas mean grain size did not, however, appear to play a very large role in influencing diversity. Cadmium, copper, chromium, the percentage nitrogen and the mean grain size were identified as the most important variables influencing the community structure by the BIOENV BEST routine in PRIMER. The trace metals and percentage nitrogen only had negative effects on the diversity and abundance as well as on the abundance of the dominant genera, whereas the mean grain size had variable effects.</p>
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8 |
Towards the intercultural communication of the Gospel: a response to change in the St Helenian cultureAppollis, Edward Adrian 30 November 2004 (has links)
St Helena Island in the South Atlantic Ocean has been changing for over a decade. The way the people on the Island respond to the change affects the way in which the Gospel is communicated, and this has missiological implications. This raises the question; what influence does change have on the way the Gospel is communicated? If people are resistant to social change, will they be open to change required by the Gospel? How will good intercultural skills help? To fully address the Island's response to change, one needs to look at the interplay of change, culture and communication. It also important to consider how these three elements can be monitored and managed by both the Saints and the clergy alike. This will become the basis for my proposal of focusing the intercultural communication of the Gospel on the ever-changing world of the youth. / Christian Spirit, Church History, Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)
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Extant benthic Foraminifera from two bays along the SW coast of South Africa, with a comment about their use as indicators of pollutionToefy, Rashieda January 2010 (has links)
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The results of the multivariate analyses suggest that most of the variation in the composition of the samples was of an intra-sample nature, illustrating large scale patchiness in foraminiferal distribution. There were, however, definite differences between communities around Robben Island and in St Helena Bay, and least variation was found between the control and pipeline sites, and between the stations of each site. When the trace metal concentrations and the percentage nitrogen increased, the richness, diversity and abundance of foraminifera tended to decrease. Sediment grain size positively affected abundance but negatively affected diversity and richness. In both areas mean grain size did not, however, appear to play a very large role in influencing diversity. Cadmium, copper, chromium, the percentage nitrogen and the mean grain size were identified as the most important variables influencing the community structure by the BIOENV BEST routine in PRIMER. The trace metals and percentage nitrogen only had negative effects on the diversity and abundance as well as on the abundance of the dominant genera, whereas the mean grain size had variable effects. / South Africa
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The representation of aspects of Afrikaner and British masculinity in the first season of Arende (1989) by Paul C Venter and Dirk de Villiers : a critical analysisHall, Arthur Lewis January 2013 (has links)
This study performs a critical analysis of the representation of Afrikaner and
British masculinity in the first season of the South African War (1899-1902)
television series Arende (1989-1993). The study first identifies key concepts in
both western identity and masculinity and then moves on to build an historical
theoretical base from which season one is analysed. This theoretical base is
created through the assimilation of historical sources dealing with masculinity and
masculine events from both the Afrikaners and the British.
In order to provide a suitable foundation for the investigation into masculinity, the
study first briefly explores the concept of identity and how it manifests in both the
Afrikaner and British society represented in the first season of Arende. This was
done by using a psychological model designed by Roy F Baumeister (1986) which
involves both individual and societal identity. Identity as a social construct is also
investigated, and the question why identity matters in society is discussed
Arguments for a structuralist semiotic approach to identity in a particular society
are presented.
In dealing with the overview of dominant western masculinity a number of key
terms were identified and discussed. These include patriarchy, the female body
and masculine control, social labelling, gender order and ‘women watching,’ the
family unit, division of labour and public and private space, hegemonic masculinity
and the male hero. After this overview, the study conducted an assimilation
exercise into historic Afrikaner and British masculinity during the time before and
after the South African War. This discussion centres on a number of points
dealing with both societies, namely the model male, male military tradition,
masculine rebels/outcasts and other masculine issues, and male relations with
women.
The final part of this study involves the analysis of the masculine theory,
generated in the previous chapter, on the Arende text. This was done by selecting six characters from each of the two societies in season one and describing how
they represent themselves in a masculine manner (or not). / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Visual Arts / unrestricted
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