Syfte: Studiens syfte var att jämföra två linsrengöringsmetoders påverkan på hornhinnan. Studien jämförde tillverkarens rekommenderade användningsinstruktioner för Opti-Free® Express®, med den alternativa rengöringsmetoden att gnugga linserna, något som ofta rekommenderas av optiker. Metod: Deltagarna sågs vid två tillfällen för utvärdering av eventuell påverkan på hornhinnan. Värdena som återfanns vid första tillfället fungerade som ett utgångsvärde. Samtliga fynd dokumenterades, graderades och poängräknades efter vilken typ av staining samt utbredning. Cornea delades in i fem regioner; centralt, superiort, inferiort, nasalt och temporalt. Typen staining som återfanns poängsattes enligt; mikropunktata (25), makropunktata (50), coalesced (75) och patch (100). Medelvärden för respektive deltagares ögon räknades ut genom att muliplicera poängen given för typen funnen staining med den procentuella utbredningen i varje region. Därefter dividera med fem för att få ett medelvärde utbrett över hela ögat. Deltagarna fick ett nytt par linser och blev därefter instruerade att under två veckors tid rengöra höger och vänster lins separat. Det ena sättet att rengöra var att följa tillverkarens rekommenderade instruktioner, något som innebär sköljning i fem sekunder per linssida. Det andra sättet var genom att gnugga linserna i en L-formad rörelse fem gånger per sida och därefter skölja linsen i fem sekunder. Efter två veckors tid undersöktes deltagarna på nytt. Funna värden sammanställdes och jämfördes sedan med varandra samt utgångsvärdena. Resultat: I de ögon vars linser gnuggades minskade medelvärdet av mängden staining från ursprungligen 140179 till 12185 (p = 0,68). Ursprungsvärdet för de ögon vars linser sköljdes var 125149, något som efter två veckor ökade till 214179 (p = 0,03). Medelvärdena efter två veckor för de båda rengöringsmetoderna uppkom till 12185 för gnugg respektive 214179 för skölj, jämförelser drogs emellan grupperna (p = 0,046). Slutsats: I de ögon vars linser rengjordes genom sköljning återfanns en högre grad av påverkan på hornhinnan. Mängd funnen staining var större i dessa ögon än i de ögon vars linser rengjordes genom gnuggning. Skillnaden var av statistisk signifikans. / The aim of this study was to compare the impact of contact lens cleaning on cornea using two different methods. The study compared the manufacturer’s recommended usage for Opti-Free® Express®, with the alternative cleaning method that involves rubbing the lens, a method often recommended by Optometrists. The participants were seen twice to evaluate the cornea. The values found on the first visit were used as baseline values. The participants were given a new pair of contact lenses and were told to clean them in two different ways for the upcoming two weeks. The first method was to follow the recommended instructions by the manufacturer. A method that involves rinsing the lens for five seconds per side. The alternative method was to rub both sides in shape of the letter L. This procedure was repeated five times per side followed by rinsing for five seconds. The participants were seen for a second visit after two weeks. Evaluations were once again made. The values found were compared with the baseline values as well with each other.  In those cases where the lenses had been cleaned by rubbing, the value of found staining decreased from 140179 at the baseline to 12185 after two weeks (p = 0,68). The baseline value for the eyes where the lenses were cleaned by rinsing was 125149. Those values increased to 214179 after two weeks (p = 0,03). A comparison between the two groups later values showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two types of cleaning, where the eyes that were only rinsed contained a higher amount of staining (p = 0,046). In those eyes where lenses had been cleaned only by rinsing there were found a higher amount of staining compared to the ones cleaned by rubbing. The difference in found staining between the two cleaning methods were statistically significant.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 1999. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-195). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p1397797.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 1999. / Includes vita and abstract. "This thesis examines the operations of the Povey Bros. stained glass studio, active in Portland, Oregon from 1888 to 1929, within the context of historic American stained glass ... [and] concludes with a case study of the First Christian Church in Eugene, Oregon, a 1911 church containing many Povey windows"--P. iv. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-195). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p1397797.

L’imagerie par résonnance magnétique (IRM) est devenue un outil incontournable en recherche biomédicale. Le développement d’outils de neuroimagerie pour le petit animal est primordial pour valider des hypothèses biologiques et tester l’efficacité de nouvelles thérapies. Dans le contexte de la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA), l’utilisation d’IRM à haut champ magnétique permet l’imagerie des plaques amyloïdes, signature moléculaire de cette pathologie. Cependant, seule une faible proportion de ces lésions sont détectées et aucune méthode de neuroimagerie ne permet actuellement d’imager les dégénérescences neurofibrillaires, deuxième signature microscopique de la MA. Dans cette thèse, deux méthodes complémentaires, utilisant différents agents de contraste à base de Gadolinium (Gd), ont été étudiées pour améliorer la détection des plaques amyloïdes par IRM. La première partie de cette thèse s’est intéressée à la méthode du « Gd- staining ». Une étude comparative réalisée sur différents modèles murins d’amyloïdose et sur des primates non-humains, a permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans la détection des plaques amyloïdes grâce à cette technique. Également, nous avons montré pour la première fois qu’il est possible d’imager les lésions Aβ humaines, en post mortem, par Gadolinium-staining. La deuxième partie de cette thèse s’est intéressée au développement d’agents de contraste vectorisés, ciblant spécifiquement les lésions de la MA. Ces molécules seraient capables de traverser spontanément la barrière hémato-encéphalique, principale limite au développement de molécules à visée cérébrale, et permettraient de cibler spécifiquement les deux lésions caractéristiques de la MA. Ces propriétés font de ces molécules de outils potentiels intéressants pour l’imagerie cérébrale de la MA. / Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a key tool for both clinical and preclinical research. Developing innovative neuroimaging techniques specifically designed for small animal models is therefore crucial to validate biological hypotheses and screen new drugs. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the major lesions characterizing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and intensive research has been carried out in order to enable the accurate detection of amyloid plaques using high-field MRI. However, only a small portion of plaques are spontaneously detected by MRI and no method is so far available for neurofibrillary tangles imaging. Here, we develop two contrast-enhanced MRI techniques to improve amyloid plaques detection using high-field MRI. The first part of this work focuses on Gadolinium-Staining for amyloid plaques detection by MRI. We performed a comparative study between mice model of amyloi-dosis and non-human primate models, which al-lowed us to gain a better understanding of the origin of the contrast induced by amyloid plaques when performing contrast-enhanced MRI. We also showed for the first time that Gd-stained MRI is able to detect amyloid plaques in human-AD brain tis-sues. The second part of this manuscript describes two novel single-domain antibodies (VHHs or nano-bodies) that are able to specifically recognize and bind amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles. The detection of intracerebral targets with imaging probes is challenging due to the non-permissive nature of the blood-brain barrier. Interestingly, VHH exhibiting a basic isoelectric point are able to transmigrate across the blood-brain barrier, thus making them promising tools for in vivo imaging of AD’s lesion at high-field MR.

Prostata-adenocarcinom är den vanligaste cancerformen hos män. Anti-PSA och anti-P501S är frekvent använda antikroppar för diagnostisering av prostata-adenocarcinom i vävnadsbiopsier, men kan ha svag eller negativ infärgning av antigenen. Antikroppen anti-NKX3.1 har visat sig ha en högre sensitivitet och starkare infärgning än anti-PSA och anti-P501S vid prostata-adenocarcinom. Det rekommenderas att använda anti-NKX3.1 tillsammans med anti-PSA och/eller anti-P501S för att diagnostisera metastaserande prostata-adenocarcinom. Studiens syfte var att utvärdera och implementera antikroppen anti-NKX3.1 för diagnostisering av metastaserande prostata-adenocarcinom. Positiva vävnadskontroller (prostatavävnad och testisvävnad) och negativ vävnadskontroll (appendix) färgades med anti-NKX3.1 i Roche Ventana Benchmark ULTRA med immunohistokemisk färgning. Förbehandlingarna CC1 mild, CC1 standard och Proteas 1 samt visualiseringskiten OptiView samt UltraView jämfördes. Spädningen optimerades från 1:50-1:200. Vävnadssnitten graderades sedan från 1 (ingen infärgning)-6 (starkast infärgning). Visualiseringskitet OptiView samt förbehandlingen CC1 standard gav den starkaste infärgningen med anti-NKX3.1 och valdes som det optimala visualiseringskitet respektive förbehandlingen. Med tanke på materialkostnad och smidighet valdes spädningen 1:100 som den optimala spädningen. / Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common form of cancer in men. Anti-PSA and anti-P501S are frequently used antibodies for diagnosing of prostate adenocarcinoma in tissue biopsies but may show weak or negative staining of the antigens. Antibody anti-NKX3.1 has been shown to have a higher sensitivity and stronger staining then anti-PSA and anti-P501S in prostate adenocarcinoma. It is recommended to use anti-NKX3.1 along with anti-PSA and/or anti-P501S to diagnose metastases of prostate adenocarcinoma. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and implement the antibody anti-NKX3.1 for diagnosis of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Positive tissue controls (prostate and testis) and negative tissue control (appendix) were stained with anti-NKX3.1 immunohistochemical staining in Roche Ventana Benchmark ULTRA machine. The pre-treatments CC1 mild, CC1 standard and Protease 1 and the visualization kits OptiView and UltraView were compared. The dilution was optimized from 1:50-1:200. Immunohistochemical staining of the tissue was graded from 1 (no staining) - 6 (strongest staining). Visualization kit OptiView and pre-treatment CC1 standard gave the strongest staining with anti-NKX3.1 and were chosen as the optimal visualization kit and pre-treatment. Considering the material cost and flexibility, the 1:100 dilution was chosen as the optimal dilution.

Introduction: Effusion cytology can be performed for the purpose of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of malignant disease. A common analysis of effusion cytology samples is the May Grunwald Giemsa stain.    Aim: The aim of the study was to compare May Grunwald Giemsa stain and May Grunwald Giemsa Quick Stain in order to determine the best quality stain and suggest ways to improve the current staining protocol.     Materials and Methods: The methods used in this study are the routine laboratory’s standard procedures for  May-Grunwald Giemsa stain and May-Grunwald Giemsa Quick Stain but with adapted washing steps that investigates the effect of tap water, distilled water, and phosphate buffer on stain quality. Two pleural effusion samples were stained in the initial experiment and two pleural effusions and one ascites sample in the second experiment.    Results and Conclusion: All samples gave a greater score when stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa Quick Stain compared to traditional May-Grunwald Giemsa stain. For the traditional May-Grunwald Giemsa, the use of any of the three phosphate buffers scores higher than the routine washing where tap water is used. In conclusion, it would be of benefit to further investigate and implement phosphate buffer in traditional staining or proceed with the May-Grunwald Quick Stain for all pleural and ascites effusions.

The problem with which this comparative investigation is concerned is the application of a photographically derived image to glass. The image used originated from an ordinary thirty-five-millimeter color slide. This slide, through photographic darkroom manipulation, was translated into thirty individually different, black and white films of four-by-five-inch size. Selected films were then enlarged onto eleven-by-fourteen-inch, Kodalith film. These enlarged films were contact exposed to Ulano's Blue Poly-3, a presensitized silkscreen photofilm. This in turn was adhered to twelve double X silk which was tautly stretched in a wooden frame.

Structure of the karyotype of three species in ermine moths (Yponomeuta: Yponomeutidae, Lepidoptera) was investigated by means of several cytogenetic methods (DAPI staining, orcein staining, CGH and GISH with telomeric probe) focusing on their sex chromosomes. Additionally, the origin of the Z2 chromosome in the WZ1Z2/Z1Z1Z2Z2 sex chromosome system (specific for this family of butterflies) was tested using southern hybridization.

L’objectif de ce travail est de caractériser l’effet de l’érythromycine sur l’activité bactérienne et l’inhibition de l’épuration dans les réacteurs de traitement des eaux usées urbaines. L’étude a montré l’importance du temps d’exposition à l’érythromycine. L’inhibition de la nitrification et de l’épuration de la DCO a été mesurée sur une période de 4 h pour des concentrations supérieures à 1 mg/L d’érythromycine alors que l’inhibition de l’épuration pour une concentration d’érythromycine de 4 µg/L a été mesurée suite à 20 h d’exposition. L’origine de la liqueur mixte est également déterminante : l’érythromycine a inhibé la nitrification avec les boues de Nancy mais n’a pas inhibé la nitrification avec les boues et Épinal. Par contre, l’inhibition de l’épuration de la DCO a été mesurée pour les deux boues. Des analyses microscopiques ont montré qu’en présence d’érythromycine les flocs bactériens se fractionnaient suite aux lyses bactériennes. La microscopie en épifluorescence et la microscopie confocale combinées à des marqueurs de viabilité fluorescents ont permis de déterminer les vitesses de mortalité bactérienne. Ces études ont mis en évidence un temps de latence qui précède la mortalité des bactéries. Ce temps de latence pourrait être lié aux mécanismes d’adsorption de l’antibiotique et de diffusion dans les flocs, ainsi qu’à la vitesse biologique de mortalité. Enfin, un marquage simultané Gram et viabilité (microscopie confocale 3D au cours du temps) a montré que l’érythromycine pourrait modifier la composition bactérienne des boues en sélectionnant les bactéries les moins sensibles / This study examines the effect of erythromycin on activated sludge bacteria and the inhibition of the pollution removal in batch reactors treating urban wastewater. Results showed the importance of exposure time to erythromycin. Inhibition of nitrification and COD removal was measured during a 4 h period for erythromytcin concentrations higher than 1 mg/L. A 4 µg/L erythromycin concentration inhibited COD removal during a 20 h exposure time. The effect of erythromycin on nitrification was variable depending on the sludge origin. Erythromycin inhibited the specific nitrification rate with sludge from Nancy WWTP, but increased the nitrification rate at the other facility (Epinal WWTP). The cell lysis resulted in destruction of activated sludge flocs. Microscopic techniques (epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)), combined with a fluorescent viability indicator, allowed us to study erythromycin time-kill activity.Viability staining results showed a latency time before the lower antibiotic concentrations began to kill bacteria. This latency time could be related to antibiotic adsorption and diffusion into activated sludge flocs as well as the rate of bateria death. The effect of erythromycin according to the bacterial Gram type was investigated with 3-dimensional Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) time-lapse imaging combined with a Gram and Viability staining. Gram+ bacteria had a higher mortality rate than the Gram- bacteria. This result suggests that antibiotic in wastewater could change the activated sludge bacteria composition according to their Gram type by selecting bacteria the less sensitive to the antibiotics

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om preservative-associated transient hyperfluorescens (PATH) förekommer mer vid användandet av en multipurposevätska kontra vid användandet av ett kontaktlinsskötselsystem med väteperoxid. Metod: Försökspersonerna, vana kontaktlinsbärare och ögonfriska, tillpassades den mjuka kontaktlinsen Biofinity.  Gradering av ögats främre segment utfördes med och utan infärgning av fluorescein. Därefter fick försökspersonerna två olika kontaktlinsvätskor, Refine One Step och BioTrue, att använda som skötselsystem. Lott drogs för att bestämma vilken lins som skulle skötas med vilket skötselsystem. Dagen efter kom försökspersonen tillbaka när kontaktlinserna suttit i ögonen exakt två timmar, ögonens yttre segment färgades in med fluorescein för att gradera conjunctival och corneal staining. Linserna sattes i igen och försökspersonen kom tillbaka efter fyra timmar för ytterligare en gradering, med fluorescein. Sju samt fjorton dagar senare upprepades samma procedur som vid dag två. Resultat: Medelvärden för PATH vid användandet av de båda kontaktlinsvätskorna (BioTrue och Refine One Step) togs fram och parat t-test användes för att analysera resultaten: BioTrue besök 1-2 (p<0,05), 3-4 (p<0,05) samt 5-6 (p<0,05); Refine One Step besök 1-2 (p=1), 3-4 (p=0,42) samt 5-6 (p=1). Detta visar statistiskt signifikant skillnad mellan PATH och en PHMB-baserad kontaktlinsvätska i kombination med silikonhydrogellins; ingen statistiskt signifikant skillnad visades vid användandet av ett väteperoxidsystem i kombination med en silikonhydrogellins. Slutsats: PATH förekommer vid kombinationen silikonhydrogel-lins och skötselsystem innehållandes konserveringsmedlet PHMB, men gav däremot ingen minskad komfort. För den kliniska verksamheten är PATH inget att oroa sig för då detta inte visar bioinkompatibilitet mellan kontaktlinsen och kontaktlinsvätskan. / The aim of this study was to evaluate if a greater amount of preservative-associated transient hyperfluorescence (PATH) is appearing when using a multipurpose-solution compared to using a hydrogen peroxide system as a cleaning and disinfecting scheme for contact lenses.   The subjects who participated in this study were contact lens wearers and had healthy eyes. Subjects were fitted with the soft contact lens Biofinity. The cornea and conjunctiva were examined with and without the color agent fluorescein using a slit lamp. The subjects received two different contact lens care systems: Refine One Step and BioTrue. The subjects were randomly assigned which lens that would go with which care system. The subjects came back the next day after having the contact lenses in the eyes for two hours. The contact lenses were removed, and fluorescein was instilled in order to grade corneal and conjunctival staining with the slit lamp. The contact lenses were then inserted again. The subject then came back after having the contact lenses in the eyes for four hours and another grading of corneal and conjunctival staining with the slit lamp was made. Seven and fourteen days later the subjects came back for the same procedure as day two.   Mean values for PATH when using both of the contact lens solutions (BioTrue and Refine One Step) were calculated and a paired t-test was used to analyze the results: BioTrue visit 1-2 (p<0.05), 3-4 (p<0.05) and 5-6 (p<0.05); Refine One Step visit 1-2 (p=1), 3-4 (p=0.42) and 5-6 (p=1). This shows a statistically significant difference between PATH and PHMB-based contact lens solutions and silicone hydrogel contact lenses; no statistically significant difference between PATH and contact lens care system containing hydrogen peroxide in combination with a silicone hydrogel contact lens.   PATH is appearing when combining a silicone hydrogel contact lens together with a multipurpose solution containing the preservative agent PHMB but gave no decreased comfort. In the clinical work PATH is non-significant, the presence of PATH does not show bio incompatibility between silicone hydrogel lenses and preservative agents but is simply the fluorescein which binds to the preservative agent PHMB.