<div>Reviewing the literature verifies that manufacturing industries fall short of the required sustainable criteria in the system design.</div><div>One of the leading reasons behind such a failure refers to the lack of an effective system design's knowledge toward the selected solutions by benchmarking.</div><div>The Collective System Design (CSD) approach provides a countermeasure for this shortcoming by starting the design approach with a collective agreement upon the external and internal customer needs and then choosing the solutions for the system design to achieve those needs. </div><div>The general requirements and solutions to a manufacturing system are covered in the Manufacturing System Design Decomposition (MSDD) in a linear and path-dependent fashion, which is a core derivative of the CSD.</div><div><br></div><div>The CSD application in industrial case studies has been provided in this thesis to elaborate on how the CSD approach assists industries to re-design their systems in a sustainable manner.</div><div>The segregation of the tools and objectives of the system re-design in a path-dependent fashion is guided by the design principles.</div><div>The case studies described how to achieve the external customer needs of product quality, quantity, variety, and on-time delivery with a collaborative work inside the plant. </div><div>This collaboration was built up by defining the customer-supplier connection inside the plant.</div><div>Cell re-design and balancing of operations with a well-defined standard work is also elaborated in this research to help produce what is needed to be shipped today with the least amount of waste in the system.</div><div>The after system redesign MSDD questionnaire analysis at these industries have shown that the industries successfully satisfied their system needs in a sustainable manner. </div><div><br></div><div>In those case studies, an internal customer need for a safe working environment was also brought to light and the CSD approach was introduced and applied to achieve the associated requirements of safety. </div><div>As the original MSDD lacked the requirements and solutions for the safety component, an updated version of the MSDD has been proposed to incorporate </div><div>the safety branch to the MSDD.</div><div>In addition, some enhancements to the current version of the MSDD have been made for a clearer and more thorough understanding of the system design.</div>

Trabalho realizado na Amorim & Irmãos - UI Champcork, orient. pelo Eg.º Luís Moreira / Tese de Mestrado Integrado. Engenharia Industrial e Gestão. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2013

This is the project report for the master thesis project in Industrial design engineering at Luleå University of Technology. The project spanned from January to June 2018. The project took place at the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) in the sub-division FSV MarkV. FMV makes sure that Sweden’s defence and military have the proper and functioning equipment, whereas MarkV is responsible for providing services directed towards equipment operated on land.  MarkV wanted to implement standard as part of their planned introduction of MarkV Production System (MPS) in 2019. MPS faced the challenge of implementation at several geographically dispersed workshops. This project was therefore carried out to investigate if and how centralized standards could be implemented within their geographically dispersed organization. The project has included visits to the workshops in Boden and Luleå as well as participation at a meeting with the project group developing MPS. However, the project has mainly been conducted from a theoretical standpoint, where literature about this subject has been explored. From the theoretical framework, a requirement specification was compiled. This specification was used to point out the key components to a successful implementation. The result from this project was a model developed to describe how each and every of the key component worked, as well as how MarkV could go about affecting it. The key components in this model was standard, supporting structure, managers and leaders, employees and participation, organizational culture and dealing with resistance. A section in this model was later dedicated to addressing what must be thought of before full roll-out. It was concluded that MarkV can implement centralized standards. However, MarkV must understand that the demands put on the organization will vary between standard and standard work. Standards were also considered less likely to meet contradiction upon implementation compared to standard work. The obstacles to implementation was identified as human resistance and non-human resistance. However, it was also concluded that non-human actors, such as the standard itself and the platform for MPS could possibly facilitate change if properly designed. Identifying the root cause of resistance could contribute to the change process in terms of acting as constructive critique. Using the proposed rule-of-thumb could help MarkV cope with resistance without spending too much energy on convincing employees. For MarkV to maintain and improve standard, it was concluded that they must perform follow-up and constructively use deviations. MarkV has been recommended to use the developed model in their further development of MPS. Practical tips on how to affect individual components has been presented in the model itself as well as in the final recommendation. / Detta examensarbete genomfördes som det sista momentet i civilingenjörsutbildningen Teknisk Design vid Luleå tekniska universitet med inriktning produktionsdesign. Projektet sträckte sig från januari till juni under 2018. Projektet genomfördes hos Försvarets Materielverk (FMV) inom MarkV som är den del av Förråd, Service och verkstäder (FSV). FMV säkerställer att Sveriges försvar och militär har rätt och fungerade materiel. MarkV är ansvariga för att erbjuda tjänster som är riktade mot materiel som opereras på land. MarkV hade som mål att implementera standard i samband med introduktionen av MarkV produktionssystem (MPS) under 2019. Att implementera MPS i MarkV sågs som en utmaning eftersom verksamheten består av 24 stycken geografiskt utspridda markverkstäder. Detta projekt genomfördes för att utvärdera om och hur centraliserade standarder skulle kunna implementeras i deras verksamhet. Projektet inkluderade besök vid markverkstäderna i Boden och Luleå, samt innefattade deltagande vid ett möte med projektgruppen som utvecklar MPS. Projektet har däremot främst genomförts ur ett teoretiskt perspektiv där litteraturen inom detta område har utforskats. Från den teoretiska referensramen sammanställdes en kravspecifikation som identifierade vilka nyckelkomponenter som behöver tas hänsyn till för en framgångsrik implementering. Resultatet från detta arbete var en modell som förklarade hur dessa nyckelkomponenter fungerade, samt förklarade hur MarkV kan påverka dessa. Nyckelkomponenterna som inkluderades i modellen var standard, supporting structure, managers and leaders, employees and participation, organizational culture, dealing with resistance och before full roll-out. Slutsatsen som drogs var att MarkV kan implementera centrala standarder. Kraven som kommer att ställas på MarkV kommer däremot att variera beroende på om implementeringen innefattar standardiserade arbetssätt eller enbart standard. Standardiserade arbetssätt ansågs mer sannolikt att möta motstånd. De två olika typer av motstånd som identifierades var mänskligt och icke-mänskligt motstånd. Slutsatsen kunde även dras att icke-mänskliga aktörer, likt standarden i sig själv samt plattformen för MPS, kan främja förändringsprocessen. Att identifiera rotorsaken till motstånd ansågs kunna bidra konstruktivt till förändringsprocessen. Genom att använda den föreslagna tumregeln kan MarkV bemöta utmaningen med motstånd utan att spendera för mycket energi på att övertala anställda. För att MarkV ska kunna upprätthålla och förbättra standarder kunde det konkluderas att uppföljning och ett konstruktivt nyttjande av avvikelser kommer att vara nödvändigt. MarkV har blivit rekommenderade att använda den utvecklade modellen vid det fortsatta arbetet med att utveckla MPS. Praktiska tips på hur MarkV kan påverka de individuella komponenterna har getts löpande i modellen samt i den avslutande rekommendationen.

Actualmente, las empresas de alimentos en el Perú presentan una serie de deficiencias internas que contribuyen a la aparición de problemas críticos, como es el caso de los productos defectuosos. Por ello, la presente investigación propone un modelo de mejora para reducir el índice de defectos en la fabricación de productos alimenticios, mediante la estandarización del trabajo y la aplicación de herramientas del TPM. Asimismo, este modelo es desarrollado bajo un enfoque de Gestión del Cambio, con el fin de eliminar la resistencia de los trabajadores frente al cambio en su cultura laboral. La efectividad del modelo fue validada mediante una simulación con el Software Arena, obteniendo como principal resultado la reducción del porcentaje de defectos de 23.5% a 12.5%, en la empresa del caso de estudio. Esto permite concluir que el desarrollo de la propuesta mejora la calidad de la producción, lo que a su vez representa una oportunidad para obtener mayores ingresos para la empresa. / Currently, food companies in Peru have a series of internal deficiencies that contribute to the appearance of critical problems, such is the case of the defective products. Therefore, this research proposes an improvement model to reduce the rate of defects in the manufacture of food products, through the standardization of work and application of TPM tools. Likewise, this model is developed under a Change Management approach, in order to eliminate the resistance of the workers against the change in their work culture. The effectiveness of the model was validated through a simulation with the Software Arena, obtaining as the main result the reduction of the percentage of defects from 23.5% to 12.5%, in the company of the case study. This allows to conclude that the development of the proposal improve the quality of production, which in turn represents an opportunity to obtain higher income for the company. / Trabajo de investigación

This thesis deals with the current state of assembly workplace for prefabrication in selected company. Using lean manufacturing principles it describes and subsequently eliminating all forms of waste that occur in the workplace. Part of the project is to design a new layout of the manufacturing cell, operation balancing and standardize the work of operators in the process. The project aims to achieve the planned production volumes at the same or lower operating costs.