The Florida Everglades ecosystem is threatened by human development, increased pollution, freshwater scarcity, and invasive species; factors that have negatively impacted the Everglades and native species health and populations. Man-made canals and levies have redirected the natural flow of fresh water from Lake Okeechobee into the Florida Everglades, starving central and south Florida ecosystems of necessary fresh water and nutrients. Through the efforts of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Project (CERP), freshwater is being redirected back into central and south Florida, returning the sheet flow of water back into the Everglades. Monitoring species abundance in the Everglades is a beneficial conservational tool for assessing restoration efforts from CERP. As a semi-aquatic apex predator, river otters (Lontra canadensis) are a useful health bio-indicator for the Florida Everglades. In order to conduct future population studies of river otters in the Florida Everglades, it must first be ascertained where they can be found and what time of year they are most likely to be sighted. For this study, Moultrie infrared game cameras were used to photograph the presence or absence of river otters within the five main habitats in the Everglades; the pinelands, hardwood hammock, cypress swamp, marsh prairie, and mangrove estuary at two protected areas in the Florida Everglades (Big Cypress National Preserve and Fakahatchee Strand State Park). River otters were most frequently sighted in the hardwood hammock habitat, but were also found in the cypress swamp. The large majority of river otter sightings occurred during dry season, which is thought to be a function of restricted water availability and aquatic mobility. Future population studies of river otters would be most productive in the hardwood hammock and cypress swamp habitats during dry season. Game camera images along with field opportunistic sightings, resulted in a variety of species documented. This provided valuable information of species richness and distribution within and amongst the habitats. The hardwood hammock was found to be the most species rich habitat, having over half the species observed in the study in this habitat. The Aves class was the most abundantly observed in the Everglades, and was most frequently sighted during the dry season. As a refuge for migratory birds, the Everglades house the majority of bird species during the winter months, which occur during dry season. The Aves class was most frequently sighted in the pinelands habitat during dry season. This habitat, being the highest in elevation and therefore the driest, shows a stronger resemblance to most northern bird habitats then does the water-saturated wetlands found throughout the Everglades. The mangrove estuary was the most commonly occurring outlier, having the least species overlap when compared to the other habitats. All other habitats in the Everglades are freshwater wetlands, while the mangrove estuary is a brackish environment, which limits the species that are unable to tolerate saline conditions. Further studies of species abundance throughout the Everglades will aid in monitoring CERP restoration efforts over time.

The implantation of national parks, one of the strategies used in the preservation and conservation of environmental resources of a country, continues to defy the involved institutions, technician and social actors in the management process and protection, in view of the innumerable conflicts generated and lived deeply for the reached local population. The parks, they are characterized by the National System of Nature Conservation Units - NSCU, law 9,985, July, 18, 2000 as conservation units of indirect use or integral protection - CUIP, which dont allow the human presence in its interior and normalize the use of its locals area. The search for solutions that make possible this strategy is especially important for Brazil, which has an area of 8.511.996 Km2 and occupies the fifth position in territorial extension of the planet. The environment and the culture existing in the Parks are raw material of tourism, and can support the economy, generate jobs and redistribute gains by attracting visitors flows. In this century XXI everybody for searchs the sustainability with social participation, organization, awareness and professionalization, aiming at to the economic efficiency, environment balance and social justice. Therefore, with intention to contribute with one better interaction park-society, the proposal of the management of the environment conflicts, for the certainty that it is a system of management capable to make possible and to facilitate the management of the Units of Conservation of similar nature. The discussion was centered in the legal conflicts of the norms of nature preservation in CUs. The theoretical referential involves the legal aspects, the indirect use of the environmental resources legalized areas and the performance of the involved public agencies, considering the common and competing ability in the process. The research diagnosed the fragility of the norms, of the programs and institutions that inside deal with to the ambient questions and the problems derived from the intersection of performances and conflicting interests of the public use in CUIP. Intently considered, the data make possible to visualize new direction in its resolution - it would be in the mediation process that, analyzed well in variable and the actors, would allow to identify possibilities of conciliation and negotiation for each the parts one, propitiating to foresee, already in the phase of norms elaboration, these conflicts possible. / A implantação de parques nacionais, uma das estratégias utilizadas na preservação e conservação dos recursos ambientais de um país, continua a desafiar instituições, técnicos e os atores sociais envolvidos no processo de gestão e proteção dos recursos ambientais, tendo em vista os inúmeros conflitos gerados e vivenciados pela população local atingida. Os parques são caracterizados pelo Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza SNUC, lei 9.985 de 18 de julho de 2000, como unidades de conservação de uso indireto ou de proteção integral - UCPI, que não permitem a presença humana em seu interior, além de normatizar à utilização da área de seu entorno A busca por soluções que viabilizem esta estratégia é especialmente importante para o Brasil, que tem uma área de 8.511.996 km2 e ocupa a quinta posição em extensão territorial do planeta. O meio-ambiente e a cultura existente dentro dos Parques são matérias-primas do turismo, que podem alavancar a economia, gerar empregos e redistribuir divisas por meio da atração de fluxos de visitantes. Neste século XXI, busca-se a sustentabilidade participativa, organização, conscientização e profissionalização, visando à eficiência econômica, equilíbrio ambiental e justiça social. Portanto, com intuito de contribuir com uma melhor interação parque sociedade, a proposta busca contribuir para a efetiva implantação de parques, com a proposição da gestão dos conflitos ambientais, pela convicção de que é um sistema de gerenciamento capaz de viabilizar e facilitar o manejo das Unidades de Conservação de natureza similar. A discussão centrou-se nos conflitos jurídicos das normas de preservação da natureza em UCs. O referencial teórico envolve os aspectos jurídicos, a utilização indireta dos recursos ambientais das áreas normatizadas e a atuação dos órgãos públicos envolvidos, considerando a competência comum e concorrente no processo. A pesquisa diagnosticou a fragilidade das normas, dos programas e instituições que tratam das questões ambientais e dos problemas derivados da interseção de atuações e interesses conflitantes dentro do uso público de uma UCPI. Atentamente considerados, os dados possibilitaram visualizar nova direção em sua resolução - ela estaria no processo de mediação que, bem analisado em suas variáveis e nos atores, permitiria identificar possibilidades de conciliação e de negociação para cada uma das partes, propiciando antever, já na fase de elaboração das normas, esses possíveis conflitos.

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Orientadores: Simone Aparecida Vieira, Leila da Costa Ferreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T21:54:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joly_Carolina_D.pdf: 2495903 bytes, checksum: 9b23f1820bfd1db0e20f1ccd9b2d4739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa de doutorado investigou a contribuição das pesquisas acadêmicas para a manutenção e manejo de áreas protegidas, considerando a importância dessas áreas como estratégia fundamental para a conservação da biodiversidade, sobretudo em regiões tropicais, especialmente aquelas localizadas na Mata Atlântica. O destaque de contribuições acadêmicas para a construção conjunta de marcos regulatórios importantes para a conservação ambiental e, em especial, da Mata Atlântica, também está presente na pesquisa. Porém, nosso estudo de caso se deu sob o prisma das áreas protegidas, analisando a atuação de um grupo de pesquisadores, entre alunos e professores, ligados ao Programa BIOTA/FAPESP, em quatro núcleos do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, localizados no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, em relação ao seu grau de envolvimento com a gestão dessas áreas. Verificou-se que, de maneira geral, pesquisadores percebem o potencial da pesquisa acadêmica como subsídio à conservação, porém, na prática, ainda predomina o distanciamento e a desvinculação de questões ligadas à gestão e à manutenção desses refúgios / Abstract: The research has investigated the contribution of academic studies to protected areas management, considering the importance of these areas as a fundamental strategy for environmental conservation, mainly in tropical regions, and especially those located in the Brazilian Rainforest. The importance of academic contributions to the collective construction of regulatory frameworks for environmental conservation, particularly those related to the Atlantic Forest, is also discussed in this research. However, our case study was carried out from the perspective of the administration of protected areas, analyzing the performance of researchers in relation to their degree of involvement with the management of the protected areas where they are working. Our focus was a group of researchers, both students and supervisors, linked to the BIOTA/FAPESP Program and working within four administrative Nuclei of the Serra do Mar State Park in São Paulo State. We found that, in general, researchers do realize the potential contribution of academic research to environmental protection, but in practice, still predominate their disconnection from issues related to management and maintenance of the protected areas where they are carrying out their own research / Doutorado / Aspectos Sociais de Sustentabilidade e Conservação / Doutora em Ambiente e Sociedade

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