Orientador: João Candido Fernandes / Banca: Edson Antonio Capello Sousa / Banca: Andrea Cintra Lopes / Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar os níveis de atenuação de Dispositivos de Proteção Auditivos (DPAs), usando um teste chamado Resposta Auditiva de Estado Estável (RAEE). O teste RAEE é um exame eletrofisiológico que usa elétrodos para captar a atividade elétrica do tronco encefálico, sem depender da resposta do indivíduo, eliminando a subjetividade, assim como aspectos ligados à atenção, tempo de resposta, níveis de audição, etc. Neste método foram avaliados dez indivíduos, por meio da RAEE, estimulando-se o sistema de audição, primeiro sem protetor e, subsequentemente, com dois tipos de protetores auditivos, a saber um de inserção intra-auricular outro circunauricular de uso comum no mercado. Os resultados evidenciaram valores inferiores àqueles expressos no Certificado de Aprovação: para o plug, uma diferença de 10,3 dB, e para a concha, 4,3 dB. Na repetição dos testes, encontrou-se uma boa repetitividade, com diferença entre zero e 5 dB para 75% das frequências testadas. / Abstract: The purpose of this research was to determine the levels of attenuation of Hearing Protection Devices (HPDs) using a test called Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR). The ASSR test is an electrophysiological examination that uses electrodes to capture the electrical activity of the auditory nerve and the brainstem without depending on the individual's response, thus eliminating the subjectivity of personal factors such as attention, response time, hearing ability, etc. This paper presents the results of a ten test which evaluated the hearing threshold of individuals, by first stimulating the hearing system without a protector and subsequently with a hearing protector. The results of this study were lower than those expressed in the Certificate of Approval: to plug a gap of 10.3 dB and dB the ear mufflers. The repetition of tests found a good repeatability with a difference between zero and 5 dB for 75% of the frequencies tested. / Mestre

In order to support an integrated management policy and the rational use of water resources toward sustainable development, it is unavoidable the search of efficient instruments to measure the performance of hydrological and environmental systems. Indicators and indexes have the role of translating numerically one specific situation and point out to the decision maker the sustainability status of that region. The development of a hydro-environmental sustainability index complies a multidisciplinary analysis dealing with several interrelated aspects of hydrologic and environmental parameters, based on some important criteria such as: water availability, quality and use of water, people access to water, environment impact.To the development of such an index in the State of Cearà a representative area of the semiarid highland environment has been chosen: Baturità APA (Area of Environmental Protection).A model structure based on the Pression-State-Response approach has been considered, resulting in the proposition of a Hydro-Environmental Sustainability Index for the highlands in the Semiarid Brazilian Region. / No intuito de dar suporte à uma polÃtica de gestÃo integrada e uso racional dos recursos hÃdricos de forma a garantir um desenvolvimento sustentÃvel à imprescindÃvel a aplicaÃÃo de ferramentas capazes de medir o desempenho dos sistemas hÃdricos e ambientais. Os indicadores e Ãndices tÃm o papel de traduzir numericamente uma determinada situaÃÃo e apontar, ao tomador de decisÃo, o sentido da sustentabilidade de uma regiÃo. O desenvolvimento de um Ãndice de sustentabilidade hidroambiental (ISHA) corresponde a uma anÃlise multidisciplinar tratando de vÃrios aspectos de inter-relacionamento entre parÃmetros hÃdricos e ambientais tendo como base alguns critÃrios importantes como: disponibilidade hÃdrica, qualidade e uso da Ãgua, acesso à mesma e impacto no meio ambiente. Para o desenvolvimento de um Ãndice desta natureza no CearÃ, foi escolhida uma Ãrea representativa de Ambientes Serranos no SemiÃrido do Estado - a APA (Ãrea de ProteÃÃo Ambiental) do MaciÃo BaturitÃ. Foi considerado um modelo estrutural baseado na abordagem PressÃo-Estado-Resposta propondo uma metodologia de desenvolvimento de um Ãndice de Sustentabilidade Hidroambiental para Ãreas serranas do SemiÃrido brasileiro.

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Abstract Water is the essential resource of people for their livelihood and is the foundation for the economy to develop unceasingly. Based on the trend of economic growth, population growth, and the improvement of the quality of life, the demand for water is expected to continuously increase. When the demand for water resources is continuing to increase, burdens are added to the environment and ecology. The severe challenge for human beings is how to promote the sustainable development of economy, society, an ecological environment, and to achieve sustainable use of water resources. The Penghu Island has endured water scarcity for a long time. The government also takes great pains over the water resource problem. The purpose of this study is to establish indicators of a framework for the sustainable development of water resources in Penghu County. This can be used to construct a model of the system dynamics to conduct simulations of various scenarios. After that, we can understand the current situation and problems of the subject of water resources and sustainable development in Penghu County to provide suggestions for the government to make decisions. First, literature should be collected that relates to the indicators of a sustainable development system of water resources, adopting the D-S-R (Driving forces-State-Response¡^indicator framework proposed by the United Nations. We should draw up a water resource sustainable development indicators system which suits the characteristic of the native environment in Penghu County initially, estimating by using Delphi and AHP. Moreover, we will construct a model of the system dynamics and proceed to do the simulation of scenarios. There are 43 indicators in this study which built up the D-S-R water resources sustainable development indicator framework in Penghu County. They belong to 8 different assessment categories, which include watershed conservation and management, groundwater conservation and management, diverse use and development of water resources, allocation and management of water resources, drought and flood mitigation, promotion of water conservation measures, technology research and develop of water resources, personnel training and education about cherishing water resources. Among them, there are 14 driving force indicators, 14 state indicators, and 15 response indicators. According to the dynamic system model constructed in this research, the continuous increase of the population and number of tourists represent the social and economic development of the driving force aspect. When the groundwater is overdrawn, this causes the seawater to invade and it becomes salty. The State aspect is and the people's health and welfare. In the Response aspect, there are 4 strategies regarding the management scenarios, including the control of overdrawn groundwater, building a seawater desalination factory, rational water price adjustment, and the promotion of water conservation measures are drafted. According to the simulation and scenarios, some results were found, such as the rational water price adjustment and promotion of water conservation measures have a limited effect upon slowing down the groundwater overdraw because of the severe water resource shortage in Penghu County. The control of overdrawn groundwater can appropriately decelerate the groundwater being drawn excessively, but can't retard the rise in demand for water. Building a seawater desalination factory can satisfy the continuous rise in demand for water, and have the greatest effect on decelerating the aggravation of the water resource ecology and the quality of the water environment. The strategy of improving the shortage of water resources usually can be executed from two directions: water resources development and economization. This study found that the key points to overcome in order to achieve the sustainable development of water resources in Penghu County are mainly: the destruction of the ecological environment because of deep groundwater overdraw, and the negative influence of setting up a seawater desalination factory on marine ecology resources. The relation is very clear that deep groundwater overdraw causes seawater invasion and the result is salty water. But it's not clear whether the waste water produced from the seawater desalination factory will effect the rich marine resources of Penghu County. The residents, mainly fishermen, still have doubts about building a seawater desalination factory. There should be more thorough analysis and research.

Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Tourism routes or networks have been identified as a tool for local economic development and could also contribute towards social development of communities, and conservation of the natural environment. In order to determine whether the development of routes have the desired effects on the economy, society and the environment, a set of sustainability indicators (SIs) needs to be developed to measure the possible effects. The aim of this study is to identify appropriate SIs that could be applied to tourism route development in Africa; to identify a suitable method of identifying route-specific indicators; and to test the suitability of these indicators in two case studies, namely the Caprivi Wetlands Paradise route and the Barotse Trails Route. The study area comprises part of the proposed Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) Transfrontier Conservation Area and includes the south-western part of Zambia and the Caprivi region in north-eastern Namibia. The objectives of the study are to determine the elements of a sustainable tourism route from existing literature; to identify a framework for selecting both generic and route-specific SIs; to select appropriate indicators for tourism route development in the African context; and to do a baseline assessment for the two case study routes to determine the suitability of the selected methods and indicators. Data were collected by making use of structured interviews and focus groups. Collected data on individual businesses are combined and presented collectively for each route by making use of sustainability assessment maps (SAMs). In addition, a method of identifying route-specific indicators was selected which makes use of the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework previously used for identifying environmental indicators. The results of the study show that the identified indicators provide a means of determining overall sustainability of routes or networks based on the principle of the triple bottom line. SAMs are a good way of presenting data to stakeholders in a simplified way. The results also indicate that the PSR framework can be adequately adapted to identify indicators in conjunction with communities in a participative manner. Recommendations are made for improving the overall sustainability of routes or networks and for increasing their network functionality. Recommendations include the possibility of investigating the use of geographic information systems in mapping SIs. KEYWORDS: Sustainability indicators; tourism routes; monitoring; pressure-state-response; sustainability assessment maps; tourism networks; route development.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:34:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 queiroz_jl_me_bauru.pdf: 1056571 bytes, checksum: 740ab85f7a95dbf39493eb3d2218a8b5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar os níveis de atenuação de Dispositivos de Proteção Auditivos (DPAs), usando um teste chamado Resposta Auditiva de Estado Estável (RAEE). O teste RAEE é um exame eletrofisiológico que usa elétrodos para captar a atividade elétrica do tronco encefálico, sem depender da resposta do indivíduo, eliminando a subjetividade, assim como aspectos ligados à atenção, tempo de resposta, níveis de audição, etc. Neste método foram avaliados dez indivíduos, por meio da RAEE, estimulando-se o sistema de audição, primeiro sem protetor e, subsequentemente, com dois tipos de protetores auditivos, a saber um de inserção intra-auricular outro circunauricular de uso comum no mercado. Os resultados evidenciaram valores inferiores àqueles expressos no Certificado de Aprovação: para o plug, uma diferença de 10,3 dB, e para a concha, 4,3 dB. Na repetição dos testes, encontrou-se uma boa repetitividade, com diferença entre zero e 5 dB para 75% das frequências testadas. / The purpose of this research was to determine the levels of attenuation of Hearing Protection Devices (HPDs) using a test called Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR). The ASSR test is an electrophysiological examination that uses electrodes to capture the electrical activity of the auditory nerve and the brainstem without depending on the individual's response, thus eliminating the subjectivity of personal factors such as attention, response time, hearing ability, etc. This paper presents the results of a ten test which evaluated the hearing threshold of individuals, by first stimulating the hearing system without a protector and subsequently with a hearing protector. The results of this study were lower than those expressed in the Certificate of Approval: to plug a gap of 10.3 dB and dB the ear mufflers. The repetition of tests found a good repeatability with a difference between zero and 5 dB for 75% of the frequencies tested.

El último periodo de crecimiento económico y el deseo de elevar la competitividad del comercio exterior peruano exigieron del Estado peruano una respuesta de modernización de su infraestructura portuaria. El proceso de modernización del Terminal Portuario del Callao, el número uno del país y considerado la plataforma logística más importante de la Costa Oeste de Sudamérica, resulta ser un interesante estudio de caso sobre la adaptación del Estado a una combinación de factores internacionales (aumento de los precios de las materias primas y el impulso de políticas de apertura comercial) y domésticos (demanda de empresarios y decisión política). Mientras que se evidencian nuevos aprendizajes del Estado peruano, por ejemplo en el manejo de nuevas reglas de juego en materia de concesiones portuarias con la participación de operadores de talla mundial y el notable incremento de la competitividad de su principal terminal portuario, se manifiestan serias debilidades en planificación y el aseguramiento de políticas a largo plazo que trasciendan gobiernos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4778175 bytes, checksum: 000b88a8682545d1c8c50484afdd1c2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Concern about environmental impacts involving petroleum, lubricants such, it is a fact today. The automotive lubricants suffer deterioration due to its use, which modifies its composition and properties, becoming known: used or contaminated lubricating oil - OLUC. The oily residue is considered a dangerous contaminant of natural ecosystems when disposed of improperly. This study conducted in the District Mechanic City João Pessoa / PB, a study on the management OLUC, from generation to final disposal, as well as evaluating the environmental aspects of the area face the disposal of these wastes. The collected data were classified based on the conceptualized model PER - pressure-state-response. It was concluded that the formal procedures of collecting OLUC are not being performed as established by CONAMA Resolution nº. 362/2005, establishments lack of preventive spill OLUC, among others. The construction of a frame based on the PER model can be considered a starting point for development of projects aimed at local improvements, help clarify and identify the causes of environmental problems with OLUC and contribute to sustainability of the local area and remote areas that are under the influence of anthropogenic activities practiced in the District Mechanic. / A preocupação com impactos ambientais envolvendo derivados do petróleo, a exemplo dos lubrificantes, é um fato na atualidade. Os lubrificantes automotivos sofrem deterioração devido ao seu uso, o que modifica sua composição e propriedades, passando a ser denominado: óleo lubrificante usado ou contaminado OLUC. Este resíduo oleoso é considerado um perigoso contaminante dos ecossistemas naturais quando descartado de forma indevida. Assim, este trabalho realizou, no Distrito Mecânico da cidade João Pessoa/PB, um estudo sobre o gerenciamento do OLUC, desde a geração até a sua disposição final, bem como avaliou os aspectos ambientais da área face à disposição destes resíduos. Os dados coletados foram classificados com base no conceituado modelo PER pressão-estado-resposta. Concluiu-se que os procedimentos formais de coleta do OLUC não estão sendo realizados conforme estabelece a Resolução do CONAMA nº 362/2005, os estabelecimentos carecem de medidas preventivas de derramamento de OLUC, entre outros. A construção de um quadro baseado no modelo PER pode ser considerada um ponto de partida para elaboração de projetos que visem melhorias locais, ajudar a esclarecer e identificar as causas de problemas ambientais com o OLUC e contribuir para sustentabilidade da área local e remotas que estejam sob a influência das atividades antrópicas praticadas no Distrito Mecânico.