Orientador: Carlos Americo Pacheco / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T08:50:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_AlexandreCoelho_D.pdf: 1498222 bytes, checksum: 58854c67e36dbc75421b8a76418d5eaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O presente trabalho investiga a permanência em tempo de globalização da questão nacional no que diz respeito ao sentido das reestruturações econômicas capazes de assegurar a inserção soberana das sociedades contemporâneas num mundo em transformação. Chama atenção da Economia Regional e da Geografia Econômica para essa permanência. Isso é importante para a análise regional não obliterar mudanças estruturais que reafirmam o sentido de construção do que clássicos da Economia Política chamam de "sistemas econômicos nacionais". Neste sentido, são reunidas evidências de que por detrás das agendas liberais, os governos atuais recorrem às ações pautadas pelo princípio do nacionalismo econômico - princípio que explica o sentido assumido pelas mudanças econômicas no espaço das sociedades em geral, e que na perspectiva da "World Systems Theory" é justificado pelo fato das sociedades modernas se organizarem internamente a partir da competição mundial pela "riqueza capitalista". Assim se revela a ausência de juízo histórico da posição dominante de que estaria ocorrendo a supressão da escala geográfica nacional. Argumenta-se ainda que essa posição é derivada da tese de que se configurou com a globalização a tendência de desaparecimento dos Estados nacionais e, por conseguinte, do seu poder de intervenção na organização da vida econômica; também derivada da hipótese de que indícios de descentralização das ações de governo e de grande expansão dos investimentos diretos estrangeiros constituem evidências de supressão da escala nacional nas reestruturações econômicas como se a acumulação de capital na geografia mundial deixasse de ser comandada pelos investimentos internos, os que rearticulam, nos momentos históricos de "destruição criativa" das estruturas, as atividades econômicas nas jurisdições estatais. Deste modo, demonstra-se que para as sociedades em geral permanece a questão nacional como desafio organizacional interno para se assegurar uma inserção internacional através da "competitividade sistêmica" - e não da competitividade regional (ou local) imaginada por grande parte da produção intelectual. Em seguida, argumenta-se que a desconsideração da permanência da questão nacional revela problemas de interpretação do sentido das reestruturações em questão, o que explica a concordância em torno da supressão da escala nacional como quadro geográfico organizacional da vida econômica. Chega-se à conclusão de que ao contrário do que supõe a produção intelectual corrente, as novas formas de organização regional e local da produção social (como os distritos industriais) reafirmam a articulação das atividades econômicas na forma de sistemas nacionais. É uma posição radicalmente contrária à produção intelectual de fora do Brasil. E em relação à produção intelectual brasileira, é uma posição para defender a necessidade de se combinar a preocupação com os impactos regionais e locais da reestruturação em curso - na distribuição espacial das atividades econômicas, nas desigualdades regionais e na organização política federativa - e a preocupação com a construção nacional. / Abstract: This study investigates the permanence of the national issue in time of globalization - with regard to the direction of the economic restructuring capable of ensuring the sovereign insertion of the contemporary societies in a world transformation process. It draws the attention of the Regional Economic and of the Economic Geography for this permanence. This is important for the regional analysis does not obliterate structural changes which reaffirm the direction of this construction, namely by the classics of the Economic Politics "national economic systems." For both reasons, evidences are gathered to show that for behind the liberal agendas of governments, there are so many actions guided by the principle of economic nationalism - in the "World Systems Theory" perspectives - which explain the direction of the economic changes, and are justified by the fact of the modern societies organize themselves first internally to face the global competition for the "capitalist wealth." In this manner, it is possible to observe the absence of historical analysis of the dominant thinking background that national geographical scale is disappearing. It is argued here that this position is derived from a theory affirms that the economic state intervention power tends to disappear, and that there is no evidence that the decentralized government actions and the expansion of foreign direct investment constitute losses of prevalence of nationwide in economic restructuring, This position does not take in account that the capital accumulation in world geography follows commanded by domestic investments, investments that, rearrange as several other historical moments, the "creative destruction" of the structures, and this way, the level of economic activities in state jurisdictions. Thus it is shown that for companies in general remains a national issue as internal organizational challenge to face the international insertion through the "systemic competitiveness" and not "regional" and "local" challenge as imagined by most of the intellectual production. Then, it is still argued that the lack of permanence of the national question reveals problems of interpretation about the direction of the restructuring in question, that explains the acceptance the prevalence of a regional or local - in relation to national level - like an organizational and geographical framework of the economic life. Finally, It reach the conclusion that to the contrary of the current intellectual thinking affirms, the new forms of regional and local organization of social production (such as industrial districts) reaffirm the rearrange of economic activities at the national level - as well as national systems - this is a contrary position to the intellectual production outside of Brazil. In reference to the Brazilian intellectual thinking, this is a position which seeks to uphold the need to combine the concern with the regional and local impacts of the ongoing restructuring - in terms of the spatial distribution of economic activity, regional inequalities and federative political organization - and concern about the national construction. / Doutorado / Política Social / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Cette étude porte sur les relations nouées pendant près de cent trente ans entre deux États princiers du Moyen Âge en construction, la Bretagne et la Bourgogne. Elle s’intéresse au contenu de ces relations, mais également aux moyens et aux hommes utilisés pour les mettre en œuvre. Limitée au domaine politique, elle examine pas moins tout ce qui peut influencer les décisions politiques, en particulier les échanges commerciaux et militaires. La guerre de Cent ans, le conflit entre les Armagnacs et les Bourguignons, le développement des structures étatiques de chacune des principautés puis l’affirmation, à partir de la seconde moitié du XVe siècle, d’une royauté bien décidée à mettre au pas les principautés, en constituent l’arrière-plan. Trois périodes s’en dégagent. La première correspond au règne de Philippe le Hardi (1364-1404). En tissant des liens avec les différentes factions qui se disputent le pouvoir en Bretagne, ce duc de Bourgogne, héritier des comtes de Flandre, parvient à s’imposer comme l’arbitre des conflits bretons, puis comme le régent du duché en 1402. La deuxième pose la question du comportement du duc de Bretagne et de son entourage dans la guerre entre les Armagnacs et les Bourguignons (1404-1435). Elle montre comment les ducs de Bourgogne et de Bretagne établissent alors une alliance durable, qui constitue un des points les plus fixes de leur politique extérieure. Enfin, durant la dernière période (1435-1491), la royauté française reprend de la vigueur. Les ducs de Bretagne et de Bourgogne doivent resserrer leur alliance pour faire face au roi. Celle-ci obtient quelques beaux succès, mais se disloque toujours à l’épreuve de la guerre. / This study covers a period of almost 130 years of relations between Brittany and Burgundy, two princely states developing in the Middle Ages. It focuses both on the content of these relations and on the means and men that helped establish them. While the primary focus is on politics, the study also takes a look at anything that might influence political decisions, particularly trade and military connections. The backdrop for this study is provided by the 100-year war, the Armagnac-Burgundian civil war, the development of a state apparatus in each of theses principalities and, starting in the middle of the 15th century, the growing influence of a crown intent on bringing the principalities to heel. Three periods need to be distinguished. The first period corresponds to the reign of Philip the Bold (1364-1404), duke of Burgundy, heir to the counts of Flanders. Philip the Bold forged ties with the various factions fighting for power in Brittany and thereby managed to establish himself as the arbiter in the conflicts in Brittany, and then as the regent of the dukedom in 1402. The second period covers the Armagnac-Burgundian civil war and looks at the dealings of the duke of Brittany and his entourage. The dukes of Burgundy and Brittany formed a lasting alliance, which constituted one of the most stable elements of their foreign policies. The last period (1435-1491) saw the French crown reassert its power. The dukes of Brittany and Burgundy were forced to tighten their alliance in order to confront the king. The alliance brought them some diplomatic success, but never stood the test of war.

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a learning framework in which an agent learns a policy from continual interaction with the environment. A policy is a mapping from states to actions. The agent receives rewards as feedback on the actions performed. The objective of RL is to design autonomous agents to search for the policy that maximizes the expectation of the cumulative reward. When the environment is partially observable, the agent cannot determine the states with certainty. These states are called hidden in the literature. An agent that relies exclusively on the current observations will not always find the optimal policy. For example, a mobile robot needs to remember the number of doors went by in order to reach a specific door, down a corridor of identical doors. To overcome the problem of partial observability, an agent uses both current and past (memory) observations to construct an internal state representation, which is treated as an abstraction of the environment. This research focuses on how features of past events are extracted with variable granularity regarding the internal state construction. The project introduces a new method that applies Information Theory and decision tree technique to derive a tree structure, which represents the state and the policy. The relevance, of a candidate feature, is assessed by the Information Gain Ratio ranking with respect to the cumulative expected reward. Experiments carried out on three different RL tasks have shown that our variant of the U-Tree (McCallum, 1995) produces a more robust state representation and faster learning. This better performance can be explained by the fact that the Information Gain Ratio exhibits a lower variance in return prediction than the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test used in the original U-Tree algorithm.

The thesis deals with a design of a highway bridge with multiple spans. The bridge is constructed for highway D1 and goes across the river Bečva close to the city Přerov. Two different solutions were carried out from which a solution with subsequently prestressed box girder was chosen. Static model and load actions were modelled in program Scia Engineer 2016.0. Design checks were done manually according to corresponding Eurocodes. Load actions from wind, uneven support settling and horizontal actions from transit were neglecte.

The subject of this thesis is the design and assessment of the bridge across the expressway and the deep valley in section Hričovské Podhradie - Lietavská Lúčka of highway D1 in Slovakia. The box girder structure with eleven spans was chosen of three variants. For each course there is a separate structure. The design of the bridge is carried out according to limit states including consideration of the impact of construction. The assessment of the construction is carried out using the beam model. The appendix contains structural analysis, drawings and visualization of the bridge.

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les feux de brousse constituent un phénomène récurrent et préoccupant en Nouvelle-Calédonie, car ils menacent des formations végétales endémiques et particulièrement originales, et mettent en péril les équilibres environnementaux du territoire insulaire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Répondant à une commande de la Province nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, ce travail entendait mettre au jour les usages contemporains du feu, en particulier en milieu kanak. De l’ethnographie de pratiques interdites à l’analyse socio-historique du secteur forestier, cette thèse explore la manière dont le phénomène des feux de brousse a été pensé et encadré sur la longue durée coloniale. Loin de constituer un phénomène nouveau, les feux de brousse sont un élément constitutif de la conquête coloniale et de la ségrégation raciale qui ont marqué l’histoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Devenu un « problème public environnemental » dans les années 1970, le phénomène a progressivement acquis le caractère de menace pour la biodiversité, de telle sorte que les politiques environnementales contemporaines se concentrent sur l’éradication du phénomène, via le renforcement de politiques de sensibilisation et de lutte contre les feux. Dans le même temps, les usages et représentations kanak passés et contemporains du feu, et plus largement de l’environnement naturel, ont été très fortement réprimés et de facto rendus invisibles.Au-delà de ces aspects environnementaux, l’analyse de la question des feux de brousse permet d’explorer des questions politiques : de la construction et de la formation de l’État colonial en Nouvelle-Calédonie, à sa transformation depuis les Accords politiques de Matignon-Oudinot (1988) et de Nouméa (1998). L’ensemble de cette thèse explore ainsi la trajectoire coloniale et postcoloniale calédonienne à l’épreuve du phénomène des feux en étudiant l’évolution des structures règlementaires et des institutions forestières, mais également la circulation des savoirs liés aux feux et aux forêts, et le rôle essentiel des acteurs dans ces processus. Ce travail met en évidence les liens multiples entre des formes de savoirs et des structures de pouvoir, et en particulier la sédimentation progressive de certaines formes d’ignorance, et le rôle des acteurs dans leur maintien. Il permet également de documenter l’histoire environnementale de l’ile depuis son annexion par la France et de renouveler les questions relatives à la gestion de cet environnement naturel. L’analyse de l’évolution de la problématique des feux de brousse, et sa prise en charge par les institutions calédoniennes ouvrent des questions intéressantes et importantes sur la formulation de politiques environnementales dans un contexte de décolonisation négociée. / For almost twenty years, bush fires have been a recurrent phenomenon and serious concern in New Caledonia, because they threat endemic and particularly original vegetal formations, and endanger the environmental equilibrium of the insular territory of New Caledonia. Meeting a demand formulated by the Northern Province of New Caledonia, this work intended to describe the contemporary uses of fire, particularly in the Kanak world. From the ethnography of forbidden practices to the socio-historical analysis of the forest sector, this doctoral research explores the way the bush fires phenomenon has been thought out and framed on the colonial long-span. Far from constituting a new phenomenon, bush fires were a constitutive element of the colonial conquest and racial segregation which marked New Caledonia’s recent history. Having become an “environmental public problem” in the 1970’s, the phenomenon was progressively characterized as a threat to biodiversity in such a way that contemporary environmental policies concentrate on its eradication through the reinforcement of awareness campaigns and firefighting policies. Nevertheless both past and contemporary Kanak uses and social representations of fire and more generally of natural environment have been severely repressed and actually made invisible. Beyond those environmental aspects, analyzing the question of bush fires enables the exploration of political questions: from the colonial state construction and formation in New Caledonia to its transformation since the political agreements of Matignon-Oudinot (1988) and Nouméa (1998). The thesis as a whole thus explores the New Caledonia colonial and post-colonial trajectory through the lens of the fire phenomenon. For this, it studies the evolution of regulatory frameworks and forestry institutions, but also the circulation of fire and forests knowledge, and the critical role of social actors in those processes. This work highlights the multiple links between forms of knowledges and structures of power, in particular the gradual sedimentation of some forms of ignorance and the role of social actors in reproducing them. It also allows documenting the environmental history of the island since its annexation by France and offering fresh insights into questions regarding the management of natural environment. Analyzing how the bush fires issue evolved over time and how it was dealt with by Caledonian institutions opens up meaningful and relevant questions for the formulation of environmental policies in the current context of negotiated decolonization.

The aim of this thesis is the design and analysis of pedestrian bridge across the lagoon. Three variants were designed. The variant of structure, which combines stress ribbon with steel arches, was chosen for analysis. There is a chapter in this thesis which deals with an ideal shape of arches for different types of loads. The calculation of load effects was made in software Ansys 17.0, considering scnstruction stages. Ultimate limit state and state limit state are evaluated. For evaluation of concrete cross sections was used MS Excel. Steel cross sections were evaluated in software Ansys 17.0. d Dynamic behaviour of construction was assessed. The mode shapes and natural frequencies were calculated. The harmonic excitation response was studied. The loss of stability was checked. The design and assessment are according to the european standards.

The aim of final thesis is design and assessment of footbridge over highway D1 in Bohumín. The design is processed in two options. From these two options there is cable-stayed construction solved in greater detail. Because counstruction is in circular arch with small radius, it is necessary to contain real geometry to computational model. Model is created by beams and construction stages are included too. The construction is assessed for the ultimate and serviceability limit state according to valid standards. In the thesis is performed eigenvalue analysis and harmonic response of the construction. Detailed drawings are included too.