To make computational thinking appealing to young learners, initial programming instruction looks very different now than a decade ago, with the increasing use of graphics and robots both real and virtual. After the first steps, children want to create interactive programs, and they need a model for this. State diagrams provide such a model, as observed previously by other researchers. This thesis documents the design and implementation of a Model-Driven Engineering tool, SD~Draw, that allows even primary-aged children to draw and understand state diagrams, and create modifiable app templates. We have tested this with grade 4 and 5 students. In our initial test, we discovered that children very quickly understand the motivation and use of state diagrams using this tool, and will independently discover abstract states even if they are only taught to model using concrete states. To determine whether this approach is appropriate for children of this age we asked three questions: do children understand state diagrams, do they understand the role of reachability, and are they engaged by them. We found that they are able to translate between different representations of the state diagrams, strongly indicating that they do understand them. We found with confidence p=0.001 that they do understand reachability by refuting the null hypothesis that they are creating diagrams randomly. And we found that they were engaged by the concept, with many students continuing to develop their diagrams on their own time after school and on the weekend. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Unified Modeling Language (UML) is recognized as a de facto standard for modeling various typesof systems. However, its lack of formal semantics hinders the ability to perform formal verification, which is crucial to ensure the correctness of the models throughout the modeling process. Rebeca isan actor-based modeling language designed to formally verify reactive concurrent systems. Previous work has attempted to bridge the gap and provide a translation to take advantage of both UML and Rebeca’s benefits. These methods either require multiple UML diagrams and an understanding of Rebeca, or lack implementation solutions. We conducted experiments to explore the potential of zero-shot and few-shot learning with ChatGPT-4 as a tool for automating the translation from UML state diagrams to Rebeca code. The results indicated that the translation from UML state diagrams to Rebeca code can be partially made and they are not sufficient to derive correct Rebeca models. To mitigate this, we augment state diagrams with metadata, which resulted in the generated code having minor errors and requiring slight adjustments to be able to be compiled in the Rebeca model checking tool, Afra. The conclusion is that ChatGPT-4 can potentially facilitate the process of transforming UML state diagrams into executable Rebeca code with minimal additional information. We provide a translation procedure of Rebeca code to UML state diagrams, a conceptual mapping of them in reverse, and a dataset that can be used for further research. The dataset and the results are published in the GitHub repositoryof our project

<p>QC 20170306</p>

Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar polissacarídeos não amiláceos (PNAs) extraídos de bananas no início da senescência, por meio de calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) e isotermas de sorção de vapor, para construir o diagrama de estado e consequentemente selecionar as melhores condições de uso e armazenamento do produto. Os PNAs foram obtidos de purê de bananas maduras. Os açúcares foram extraídos usando etanol, resultando em uma fração insolúvel rica em PNAs. Esse processo foi feito em seis condições diferentes: duas temperaturas (25 °C e 65 °C) e três tempos de extração (30 min, 60 min e 90 min). Para comparação, realizaram-se testes também com ácido poligalacturônico (APG) e arabinoxilano (AX), PNAs presentes nas bananas, adquiridos puros. Após a extração, a análise térmica foi feita em cadinhos de alumínio, sob atmosfera de nitrogênio. As amostras foram resfriadas até - 60 °C, então aquecidas até 90 °C, a 5 °C/min. As isotermas de sorção foram obtidas usando o método DVS (do inglês Dynamic Vapor Sorption), à temperatura ambiente, de aw = 0,10 até aw = 0,95, com passo de aw de 0,1, tolerância de 0,05 % na mudança de massa (weight trigger), e timeout de 24 h. As amostras com baixos conteúdos de umidade não apresentaram picos de cristalização, mas transições vítreas foram detectadas. Para construir os diagramas de estado e delimitar suas regiões, ajustaram-se os dados aos modelos de Gordon-Taylor, para transição vítrea, e de Chen, para o início da fusão. As isotermas de sorção apresentaram formatos correspondentes ao tipo III. As umidades de monocamada calculadas pelo modelo de GAB ficaram entre 6 g/ 100 g e 16 g/ 100 g de amostra em base seca. A vida de prateleira, a 25 °C em embalagem de polietileno contendo 1 kg de PNAs foi estimada entre 175 e 299 dias. / The aim of this work was to characterize non starch polysaccharides (NSP) obtained from overripe bananas, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and vapor sorption isotherms, in order to build a state diagram, and select the best usage and storage conditions. NSP samples were obtained using overripe bananas puree. The sugars were extracted using ethanol, resulting in an insoluble, NSP-rich fraction. This process was carried out under six different combinations of temperature (25 °C or 65 °C) and extraction time (30, 60 or 90 min). For comparison, pure arabinoxylan (AX) and galacturonic acid (APG) samples, which are NSP components of banana, were also analysed. After the extraction, thermal analysis was carried out in aluminium pans, under nitrogen atmosphere. Samples were cooled up to -60 °C, then heated up to 90 °C, at a 5 °C/min rate. Sorption isotherms were obtained by Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) method, at room temperature, from aw = 0,10 to aw = 0,95, with an aw step of 0,1, a weight trigger of, 0,05 %, and a 24-hour timeout. The samples with low moisture contents showed no crystallization peaks, but glass transitions occurred. To build state diagrams and mark their zones, Gordon- Taylor and Chen models were, respectively, adjusted to glass transition and fusion onset data. The sorption isotherms had type III formats. The monolayer moistures calculated using the GAB model were between 6 g/ 100 g sample and 16 g/ 100g sample (dry basis). The shelf life, at 25 °C in polyethylene bags containing 1 kg of NSP, was estimated between 175 and 299 days.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar polissacarídeos não amiláceos (PNAs) extraídos de bananas no início da senescência, por meio de calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) e isotermas de sorção de vapor, para construir o diagrama de estado e consequentemente selecionar as melhores condições de uso e armazenamento do produto. Os PNAs foram obtidos de purê de bananas maduras. Os açúcares foram extraídos usando etanol, resultando em uma fração insolúvel rica em PNAs. Esse processo foi feito em seis condições diferentes: duas temperaturas (25 °C e 65 °C) e três tempos de extração (30 min, 60 min e 90 min). Para comparação, realizaram-se testes também com ácido poligalacturônico (APG) e arabinoxilano (AX), PNAs presentes nas bananas, adquiridos puros. Após a extração, a análise térmica foi feita em cadinhos de alumínio, sob atmosfera de nitrogênio. As amostras foram resfriadas até - 60 °C, então aquecidas até 90 °C, a 5 °C/min. As isotermas de sorção foram obtidas usando o método DVS (do inglês Dynamic Vapor Sorption), à temperatura ambiente, de aw = 0,10 até aw = 0,95, com passo de aw de 0,1, tolerância de 0,05 % na mudança de massa (weight trigger), e timeout de 24 h. As amostras com baixos conteúdos de umidade não apresentaram picos de cristalização, mas transições vítreas foram detectadas. Para construir os diagramas de estado e delimitar suas regiões, ajustaram-se os dados aos modelos de Gordon-Taylor, para transição vítrea, e de Chen, para o início da fusão. As isotermas de sorção apresentaram formatos correspondentes ao tipo III. As umidades de monocamada calculadas pelo modelo de GAB ficaram entre 6 g/ 100 g e 16 g/ 100 g de amostra em base seca. A vida de prateleira, a 25 °C em embalagem de polietileno contendo 1 kg de PNAs foi estimada entre 175 e 299 dias. / The aim of this work was to characterize non starch polysaccharides (NSP) obtained from overripe bananas, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and vapor sorption isotherms, in order to build a state diagram, and select the best usage and storage conditions. NSP samples were obtained using overripe bananas puree. The sugars were extracted using ethanol, resulting in an insoluble, NSP-rich fraction. This process was carried out under six different combinations of temperature (25 °C or 65 °C) and extraction time (30, 60 or 90 min). For comparison, pure arabinoxylan (AX) and galacturonic acid (APG) samples, which are NSP components of banana, were also analysed. After the extraction, thermal analysis was carried out in aluminium pans, under nitrogen atmosphere. Samples were cooled up to -60 °C, then heated up to 90 °C, at a 5 °C/min rate. Sorption isotherms were obtained by Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) method, at room temperature, from aw = 0,10 to aw = 0,95, with an aw step of 0,1, a weight trigger of, 0,05 %, and a 24-hour timeout. The samples with low moisture contents showed no crystallization peaks, but glass transitions occurred. To build state diagrams and mark their zones, Gordon- Taylor and Chen models were, respectively, adjusted to glass transition and fusion onset data. The sorption isotherms had type III formats. The monolayer moistures calculated using the GAB model were between 6 g/ 100 g sample and 16 g/ 100g sample (dry basis). The shelf life, at 25 °C in polyethylene bags containing 1 kg of NSP, was estimated between 175 and 299 days.

Heart dysfunction is a worldly widespread problem that currently is one of the leading causes of death. Studies indicate that many deaths related to cardiac dysfunction could have been prevented if discovered early. Contemporarily, ultrasound and electrocardiography are indispensable modalities for diagnostic purposes and analysis of cardiac function. The Ventricorder is an Ultra-Wideband radar sensor manufactured by the Norwegian company Novelda. Ventricorder has been shown to be able detect heart movements and breathing but its actual clinical value remains to be investigated. The Cardiac State Diagram (CSD) is a pre-clinical software tool for visualization of the heart's mechanical function. The CSD is confirmed by pilot studies to be able to constitute a basis for diagnosis and cardiac function assessment. Theoretically, the CSD is well suited to be used with the Ventricorder since the Ventricorder detects small changes over time and information about time events is all that is required for the creation of a CSD. Contemporarily, ultrasound tissue velocity imaging (TVI) is usually used for production of CSDs and in this master thesis we examined if the Ventricorder can be used to produce CSDs. This was done by mainly comparing velocity data from the Ventricorder with velocity data from temporally synchronized apical four-chamber images acquired with ultrasound TVI. The results indicate that there is an apparent correlation between these data sets and the Ventricorder should therefore be able to produce data that could constitute the basis for the production of a CSD. What remain now is to confirm these results statistically with a larger test group and to investigate whether all the time instants needed for the production of a CSD can be identified objectively. / Hjärtdysfunktion är ett värdsligt utbrett problem som ligger bakom många dödsfall varje år. Studier har visat att många dödsfall som är relaterade till hjärtdysfunktion hade kunnat förebyggas om de upptäckts i tid. För närvarande är bland annat ultraljud och EKG oumbärliga metoder för diagnostisering och analys av hjärtfunktion. Ventricorder är en typ av radarsensor som utnyttjar ett brett frekvensspektrum, så kallat Ultra Wideband, och är tillverkad av det norska företaget Novelda. Ventricorder har visat sig kunna detektera exempelvis hjärtrörelser och andning men dess kliniska värde har ännu inte undersökts. Cardiac State Diagram (CSD) är ett prekliniskt mjukvaruverktyg för att visualisera hjärtats mekaniska funktion och som har bekräftats genom pilotstudier att kunna användas som underlag för diagnostik och bedömning av hjärtats funktion. Teoretiskt sett är CSD väl lämpat för att användas med Ventricordern eftersom Ventricordern registrerar små rörelser över tid och just ändringar över tid är precis vad som behövs för att skapa ett CSD. I dagsläget används vanligen vävnadsdoppler (TVI) för produktion av CSD och i denna masteruppsats undersöktes huruvida Ventricorder kan användas för att producera CSD. Detta gjordes genom att jämföra mätdata från Ventricorder med temporalt synkroniserade apikala fyrkammar-bilder framställda med vävnadsdoppler. Resultaten indikerar att det finns en påtaglig korrelation mellan dessa data och att mätdatat från en Ventricorder således bör kunna användas för produktion av CSD. Det kvarstår att bekräfta dessa resultat statistiskt med en större testgrupp och att undersöka om samtliga tidsmarkörer som behövs för produktion av ett CSD kan identifieras objektivt.

Black box testing techniques are important to test the functionality of the system without knowing its inner detail which makes sure correct, consistent, complete and accurate behavior or function of a system. Black box testing strategies are used to test logical, data or behavioral dependencies, to generate test data and quality of test cases which have potential to guess more defects. Black box testing strategies play pivotal role to detect possible defects in system and can help in successful completion of system according to functionality. The studies of five companies regarding important black box testing strategies are presented in this thesis. This study explores the black box testing techniques which are present in literature and practiced in industry as well. Interview studies are conducted in companies of Pakistan providing solutions to finance industry, which is an attempt to find the usage of these techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of identified Black box testing strategies are discussed, along with it; the comparison of different techniques with respect to most defect guessing, dependencies, sophistication, effort, and cost is presented as well.

The subject of this master thesis are state machines and their testing. To this purpose, an application is described, which is able to test these state machines autonomously. Application have two parts, first generator and editor of data is built and second part is testing procedure, which is able to test state machines in question and to give corresponding test report.

Master’s thesis is focused on the issue of information systems. Its attention is focused on describing not only the knowledge of the basic terminology of information systems, the definition of the necessary prerequisites for development an information system within the enterprise, but also its implementation and subsequent management. The practical part of diploma thesis is based on knowledge of the theory. Its main section focuses on the realization of information system.

This doctoral thesis is focused on problems of modulators based on six-ports. It begins with description of current state of the art of six-ports used like modulators, their transfer functions and SIW technology. A design part of this thesis consists from experimental six-port based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. There is presented step-by-step development of this six-port using this technology and also there is introduced micro-strip technology based six-port. Final design of six-ports and variable impedances were measured, the results are discussed and compared with expected ones in next chapters. Second part of this thesis deals with influences of internal parameters of six-ports to final signal transmission and derives theirs transfer functions for more than one reflection in structure. The computation results are compared with experimental measurements for fixed loads. With using of ideal loads sweeps, modulations with shaped input signals were calculated. For designed variables impedances, there was founded the optimal biasing points for demanded IQ diagram and discussed which from tested active circuit is suitable. In the last part there are shown results of experiment with these variable loads connected to both types of designed six-ports.