nÃo hà / This work has as interest to verify the participation of the Pertaining to school Council in the CERE Prof M Josà Santos Ferreira Gomes and in the EEFM Antonio Bezerra of 3 Region of the CREDE 21. The study object says respect to the performance of the Pertaining to School Council who adds the diverse representative segments of the Pertaining to school unit, reflecting on the impediments chokes of its effective functioning. The theoretical and methodological referential was based in authors as: Carvalho (2000), Arroyo (1979), Freire (1997), Gadotti (2000), LÃck (1998), Paro (1997) and LibÃneo (1984). The collection of data if gave with the use of 154 questionnaires that had been answered by 49 professors, 45 students, 40 parents and 20 employees. We still carry through two Focal Groups with representatives of the parents of the two schools. The results shows that it does not have significant differences in the performance of both the Council, limiting it a restricted participation to the functions administrative and financial, in detriment of excessively. We perceive that the parents believe the performance of the Advice, despite the little evolvement. The questionnaires indicate them that the diverse pertaining to school segments of EEFMAB and CERE deposit confidence in the work of the Council, recognizing that exactly still taking advantage one politics of central character, the school earned with its implantation. For us, still necessary a bigger joint between the SEDUC and the schools in the direction to promote the active participation and politics of the community. / Este trabalho tem como interesse verificar a participaÃÃo do Conselho Escolar no CERE Prof M Josà Santos F. Gomes e na EEFM AntÃnio Bezerra da 3 RegiÃo do CREDE 21. O objeto de estudo diz respeito à atuaÃÃo do Conselho Escolar que agrega os diversos segmentos representativos da unidade escolar, refletindo sobre os entraves bloqueadores do seu efetivo funcionamento. O referencial teÃrico e metodolÃgico embasou-se em autores como: Carvalho (2000), Arroyo (1979), Freire (1997), Gadotti (2000), LÃck (1998), Paro (1997) e LibÃneo (1984). A coleta de dados se deu com a utilizaÃÃo de 154 questionÃrios que foram respondidos por 49 professores, 45 estudantes, 40 pais e 20 funcionÃrios. Realizamos ainda dois Grupos Focais com representantes dos pais das duas escolas. Os resultados apontam que nÃo hà diferenÃas significativas na atuaÃÃo de ambos os Conselhos, limitando-se a uma participaÃÃo restrita Ãs funÃÃes administrativa e financeira, em detrimento das demais. Percebemos que os pais acreditam na atuaÃÃo do Conselho, apesar do pouco envolvimento. Os questionÃrios indicam-nos que os diversos segmentos escolares da EEFMAB e CERE depositam confianÃa no trabalho do Conselho, reconhecendo que mesmo ainda prevalecendo uma polÃtica de carÃter central, a escola ganhou com a sua implantaÃÃo. Para nÃs, ainda à necessÃria uma maior articulaÃÃo entre a SEDUC e as escolas no sentido de promover a participaÃÃo ativa e polÃtica da comunidade.

CARNEIRO, Maria Joyce Maia Costa. O conselho escolar como espaço de participação: uma reflexão sobre a prética nas escolas públicas estaduais do Município de Fortaleza. 2005. 166 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas, Fortaleza-CE,2005. / Submitted by Ana Paula Paula (mappufce@gmail.com) on 2012-05-11T17:08:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_DIis_MariaJMCCARNEIRO.pdf: 669791 bytes, checksum: dc796a42aee7a0edee2aacd516b2bac9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-06-18T14:47:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_DIis_MariaJMCCARNEIRO.pdf: 669791 bytes, checksum: dc796a42aee7a0edee2aacd516b2bac9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-18T14:47:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_DIis_MariaJMCCARNEIRO.pdf: 669791 bytes, checksum: dc796a42aee7a0edee2aacd516b2bac9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / This work has as interest to verify the participation of the Pertaining to school Council in the CERE Profª Mª José Santos Ferreira Gomes and in the EEFM Antonio Bezerra of 3ª Region of the CREDE 21. The study object says respect to the performance of the Pertaining to School Council who adds the diverse representative segments of the Pertaining to school unit, reflecting on the impediments chokes of its effective functioning. The theoretical and methodological referential was based in authors as: Carvalho (2000), Arroyo (1979), Freire (1997), Gadotti (2000), Lück (1998), Paro (1997) and Libâneo (1984). The collection of data if gave with the use of 154 questionnaires that had been answered by 49 professors, 45 students, 40 parents and 20 employees. We still carry through two Focal Groups with representatives of the parents of the two schools. The results shows that it does not have significant differences in the performance of both the Council, limiting it a restricted participation to the functions administrative and financial, in detriment of excessively. We perceive that the parents believe the performance of the Advice, despite the little evolvement. The questionnaires indicate them that the diverse pertaining to school segments of EEFMAB and CERE deposit confidence in the work of the Council, recognizing that exactly still taking advantage one politics of central character, the school earned with its implantation. For us, still necessary a bigger joint between the SEDUC and the schools in the direction to promote the active participation and politics of the community. / Este trabalho tem como interesse verificar a participação do Conselho Escolar no CERE Profª Mª José Santos F. Gomes e na EEFM Antônio Bezerra da 3ª Região do CREDE 21. O objeto de estudo diz respeito à atuação do Conselho Escolar que agrega os diversos segmentos representativos da unidade escolar, refletindo sobre os entraves bloqueadores do seu efetivo funcionamento. O referencial teórico e metodológico embasou-se em autores como: Carvalho (2000), Arroyo (1979), Freire (1997), Gadotti (2000), Lück (1998), Paro (1997) e Libâneo (1984). A coleta de dados se deu com a utilização de 154 questionários que foram respondidos por 49 professores, 45 estudantes, 40 pais e 20 funcionários. Realizamos ainda dois Grupos Focais com representantes dos pais das duas escolas. Os resultados apontam que não há diferenças significativas na atuação de ambos os Conselhos, limitando-se a uma participação restrita às funções administrativa e financeira, em detrimento das demais. Percebemos que os pais acreditam na atuação do Conselho, apesar do pouco envolvimento. Os questionários indicam-nos que os diversos segmentos escolares da EEFMAB e CERE depositam confiança no trabalho do Conselho, reconhecendo que mesmo ainda prevalecendo uma política de caráter central, a escola ganhou com a sua implantação. Para nós, ainda é necessária uma maior articulação entre a SEDUC e as escolas no sentido de promover a participação ativa e política da comunidade.

What motivates the State to modify its environmental institutional legacy? What are the conditions to strengthen or weaken the control over the environment? ftis article describes the growth and development of the environmental institutionality from the fiscalization, having as experience the development of the Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental (OEFA) from its creation to the present. ftis research seeks to identify the factors and conditions for the strengthening and weakening of environmental fiscalization. fte sum of the elements such as state strength and bureaucracy, policy entrepreneurs, institutional change, interest groups and international requirements could explain when the strengthening or weakening of environmental control is considered, the increase or decrease in the fiscalization patterns and the levels of institutional affectation. / ¿Qué motiva al Estado a modificar su legado institucional ambiental? ¿Cuáles son las condiciones para fortalecer o debilitar la fiscalización sobre el medio ambiente? Este artículo describe el crecimiento y el desarrollo de la institucionalidad ambiental a partir de la fiscalización teniendo como experiencia el desenvolvimiento del Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental (OEFA) desde su creación hasta la actualidad. Esta investigación busca identificar los factores y las condiciones para el fortalecimiento y debilitamiento de la fiscalización ambiental. La suma de los elementos como fortaleza y burocracia estatal, emprendedores de políticas, cambio institucional, grupos de interés y exigencias internacionales podrían explicar en qué momento se plantea el fortalecimiento o el debilitamiento de la fiscalización ambiental, el incremento o la disminución en los patrones de fiscalización y los niveles de afectación institucional.

Social conflict, as opposed to armed conflict, has received less attention in the field of quantitative research. This paper investigates the structural causes of political violence in 35 African states using data from the Social Conflict in Africa dataset and the Beck and Katz panel corrected standard errors time series regression model. Theoretically, a closed political opportunity structure, combined with a weak state unable to provide public goods, should together produce high levels of social conflict. The independent variables attempt to operationalize these concepts from four different angles. In this analysis Access to Education and Infrastructure (AEI), Ethno Linguistic Fractionalization (ELF), Freedom in the World Political Rights (FIW), and National Material Capabilities (NMC) were all significant predictors of social conflict. This study found that as the level of ethnic fractionalization and material capabilities within states rose, the frequency of social conflict events also increased. However, as access to infrastructure and political rights declined, the number of social conflict events increased. Wald chi-square and R-square values suggest that the model is complete and has substantial explanatory power.

從台灣違規高爾夫球場就地合法化：觀察國民黨政府國家力量的轉型，研究是研究高爾夫球球經營合法性的轉變，探討國民黨政府國家力量的轉型。而國家力量觀點是由英國歷史社會學者Michael Mann所提出，國家力量觀點由專制控制權力及基礎行政能力所建構而成。Michael Mann進一步指出，西方民主社會之國家機器，具有專制控制權力相對低弱 ，基礎行政能力相對強大的特性。 國家專制控制權力最簡單的定義是，國家統治菁英運用政治權力時 不受市民社會監督的程度。而本研究進一步把專制控制權力細分為統治者與被統治者的政治統治權力關係;與國家制訂政策的自主性兩個層次。國家基礎行政能力的定義則是，國家機器以其基礎結構、動員國家社會 資源貫穿市民社會的程度。本研究觀察國民黨政府的基礎行政能力，則是以國民黨政府制訂山坡地/高爾夫球場管制政策的設計;以及國民黨政府貫穿管制法令於社會的程度，當作探討的指標。 從違規高爾夫球場就地合法化的經驗研究中，本研究指出國民黨政府專制控制權力由強轉弱的證據;也指出國民黨政府的基礎行政能力一向不及其專制控制權力強大。而且隨著台灣民主化的發展，國民黨政權已由專制控制權力高、自主性高的威權體制，轉型為受市民社會監督且自主性低的民主化國家。但是，國民黨政府一向處於弱勢的基礎行政能力，仍然沒有隨著民主化而增強，如同西方民主國家一樣。

Existing research on states and human rights focuses primarily on international treaty ratification, post-treaty rating systems, and ad hoc reports on adherence in individual countries. Additionally, the literature is characterized by disproportionate attention to certain rights to the neglect of others, thereby painting an incomplete and potentially inaccurate picture of a state’s practice and implementation of human rights. Consequently, the extant literature too frequently disregards key domestic and international factors as determinants of cross-national variation in the implementation and protection of human rights, and it instead generates paradoxical claims about human rights and state behavior. With Europe as its empirical focus, this study tests one assertion that state strength relative to societal actors impacts the frequency of cases heard at the European Court of Human Rights. Findings suggest that state strength indeed plays a role in the overall number of cases from member states in the European human rights system.