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University, Diss., 2000--Dortmund. / Dateiformat: PDF.

Les approches de simulation classiques ne sont en général pas adaptées pour traiter les aspects de complexité que présentent les systèmes complexes tels que l'émergence ou l'adaptation. Dans cette thèse, l'auteur s'appuie sur ses travaux menés dans le cadre d'un projet de simulation sur l’épidémie de grippe en France associée à des interventions sur une population en considérant le phénomène étudié comme un processus diffusif sur un réseau complexe d'individus, l'originalité réside dans le fait que la population y est considérée comme un système réactif. La modélisation de tels systèmes nécessite de spécifier explicitement le comportement des individus et les réactions de ceux-cis tout en produisant un modèle informatique qui doit être à la fois flexible et réutilisable. Les diagrammes d'états sont proposés comme une approche de programmation reposant sur une modélisation validée par l'expertise. Ils correspondent également à une spécification du code informatique désormais disponibles dans les outils logiciels de programmation agent. L'approche agent de type bottom-up permet d'obtenir des simulations de scénario "what-if" où le déroulement des actions peut nécessiter que les agents s'adaptent aux changements de contexte. Cette thèse propose également l'apprentissage pour un agent par l'emploi d'arbre de décision afin d'apporter flexibilité et lisibilité pour la définition du modèle de comportement des agents et une prise de décision adaptée au cours de la simulation. Notre approche de modélisation computationnelle est complémentaire aux approches traditionnelles et peut se révéler indispensable pour garantir une approche pluridisciplinaire validable par l'expertise. / Traditional approaches are not sufficient, and sometimes impossible in dealing with complexity issues such as emergence, self-organization, evolution and adaptation of complex systems. As illustrated in this thesis by the practical work of the author in a real-life project, the spreading of infectious disease as well as interventions could be considered as difusion processes on complex networks of heterogeneous individuals in a society which is considered as a reactive system. Modeling of this system requires explicitly specifying of each individual’s behaviors and (re)actions, and transforming them into computational model which has to be flexible, reusable, and ease of coding. Statechart, typical for model-based programming, is a good solution that the thesis proposes. Bottom-up agent based simulation finds emergence episodes in what-if scenarios that change rules governing agent’s behaviors that requires agents to learn to adapt with these changes. Decision tree learning is proposed to bring more flexibility and legibility in modeling of agent’s autonomous decision making during simulation runtime. Our proposition for computational models such as agent based models are complementary to traditional ones, and in some case they are unique solutions due to legal, ethical issues.

Zugl.: Augsburg, Univ., Diss., 2005

Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Augsburg.

University, Diss--Paderborn, 2004.

Techn. University, Diss., 2003--Berlin.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:06:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5452.pdf: 2351043 bytes, checksum: 0d55a4fbf3ab7f02e097b7df0101db3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-13 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Embedded systems (ES) has become more important to everyday life due to technology advance and increasing application field. Engineers start ES development using tools like Matlab/Simulink. Usually, Simulink models are low level abstraction models following an ad-hoc design, which difficult the model comprehension. Hence, new trends start to apply software engineering to support ES design. Goal: This work was developed in a research group that is defining a development process to support ES development from initial phases to Simulink models implementation. Particularly, this works goal is to explore UML Statchart technique to depict Simulink models in a high level abstraction view, and become the group s desired component part of the process. Method: The investigation process was conducted in three actions exploring UML Statchart based in the Research Action methodology: (i) a reengineering activity starting from Simulink model; (ii) a forward engineering starting from a requirement document; and (iii) a survey investigating the use of UML Statechart by ES developers. Outcomes: The first and second action showed that UML Statechart is an appropriated technique to depict the application behavior, contributing to implement Simulink models. It also organizes Simulink models and facilitates the system comprehension as a whole. Conclusion: Due to the conducted actions outcomes, UML Statechart can be considered as a candidate to compose one of the artifacts to be implemented during the process that is being defined by the research group. However, this work conducted investigations are limited to two system applications, needing to accomplish more complement studies, we can say that Simulink models implemented with support of UML Statechart, are better structured and more comprehensive. This features an increasing quality in ES design. / Os sistemas embarcados (SE) têm se tornado cada vez mais presentes na vida das pessoas em decorrência dos avanços tecnológicos e do aumento na diversidade em suas áreas de aplicação. Em geral, os desenvolvedores desse tipo de sistema iniciam o desenvolvimento com o uso de ferramentas do tipo Matlab/Simulink, elaborando modelos em um nível baixo de abstração, que são construídos de forma desorganizada, o que dificulta o entendimento da aplicação. Em decorrência disso, observam-se iniciativas de uso da engenharia de software nesse tipo de sistema. Objetivo: O grupo de pesquisa no qual este trabalho foi desenvolvido está definindo um processo para o desenvolvimento de SEs que dê suporte das fases iniciais até a construção dos modelos Simulink. Em particular, este trabalho tem o objetivo de explorar o uso da UML Statechart para retratar o modelo Simulink em um nível mais alto de abstração, tornando-se então um dos componentes do processo almejado pelo grupo. Método: Para fazer essa investigação, utilizou-se a metodologia Pesquisa-Ação e três ações foram conduzidas, explorando-se a UML Statechart em: (i) uma atividade de reengenharia, partindo do Simulink e reestruturando-o; (ii) em uma atividade de engenharia avante, partindo de um documento de requisitos; e (iii) em um survey, caracterizando o uso da UMS Statechart por desenvolvedores de SEs. Resultados: Nas duas primeiras ações, a UML Statechart se mostrou apropriada para representar o comportamento da aplicação, de forma a contribuir na construção do modelo Simulink, facilitando a compreensão do sistema como um todo e permitindo a elaboração de um Simulink mais organizado. Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos nas ações permitem considerar que a UML Statechart é uma forte candidata para compor um dos artefatos a serem construídos durante o processo que está sendo definido pelo grupo de pesquisa. Embora as investigações conduzidas neste trabalho estejam limitadas a duas aplicações, requerendo que outros estudos sejam realizados, pode-se dizer que os modelos Simulink construídos com o apoio do modelo UML Statechart são mais estruturados e mais compreensíveis. Isso caracteriza uma melhora de qualidade no desenvolvimento de SEs.

This thesis presents an in-depth investigation into the practical use of 3D for software visualisation. This work presents the first comprehensive user-centred study which examines the software engineering tasks users undertake currently, the issues that 3D addresses and a measure of benefit of the 3D solution compared to traditional approaches. This thesis also presents a mechanism for creating 3D software visualisations, a refined evaluation methodology and visualisation heuristics that together provide a valuable resource for further research into this area. The research results have been structured so they are directly applicable to industry and as such are already undergoing industrial adoption. This has been achieved through the following: Firstly the research augments current and accepted software visualisation approaches by basing the visual notation on the Unified Modelling Language (UML). This has enabled the current visual software engineering tasks to be studied and for representative user tasks to be captured and quantified. The 3D visualisations then complement the current working practices by solving

This thesis presents an in-depth investigation into the practical use of 3D for software visualisation. This work presents the first comprehensive user-centred study which examines the software engineering tasks users undertake currently, the issues that 3D addresses and a measure of benefit of the 3D solution compared to traditional approaches. This thesis also presents a mechanism for creating 3D software visualisations, a refined evaluation methodology and visualisation heuristics that together provide a valuable resource for further research into this area. The research results have been structured so they are directly applicable to industry and as such are already undergoing industrial adoption. This has been achieved through the following: Firstly the research augments current and accepted software visualisation approaches by basing the visual notation on the Unified Modelling Language (UML). This has enabled the current visual software engineering tasks to be studied and for representative user tasks to be captured and quantified. The 3D visualisations then complement the current working practices by solving