Desde a década de 1980 diversos autores apresentaram correlações entre provas de carga estática e ensaios de carregamento dinâmico em estacas. Para uma boa correlação é fundamental que os testes sejam bem executados e que atinjam a ruptura segundo algum critério, como o de Davisson, por exemplo, além de levar em conta o intervalo de tempo entre a execução da prova de carga estática e do ensaio dinâmico, face ao efeito \"set up\". Após a realização do ensaio dinâmico realiza-se a análise CAPWAP que permite a determinação da distribuição do atrito lateral em profundidade, a carga de ponta e outros parâmetros dos solos tais como quakes e damping. A análise CAPWAP é realizada por tentativas através do procedimento \"signal matching\", isto é, o melhor ajuste entre os sinais de força medido pelos sensores e o calculado. É relativamente fácil mostrar que a mesma solução pode ser obtida através de dados de entrada diferentes. Isso significa que apesar de apresentarem cargas mobilizadas próximas o formato da curva da simulação de prova de carga estática, obtida pelo CAPWAP, assim como a distribuição do atrito lateral, podem ser diferentes, mesmo que as análises apresentem \"match quality\" (MQWU) satisfatórios. Uma forma de corrigir o formato da curva simulada do CAPWAP, assim como a distribuição do atrito lateral, é através da comparação com provas de carga estática (PCE). A sobreposição das duas curvas, a simulada e a \"real\", permite a determinação do quake do fuste através do trecho inicial da curva carga-recalque da prova de carga estática, que por sua vez permite uma melhor definição da distribuição do atrito lateral e da reação de ponta. Neste contexto surge o conceito de \"match quality de recalques\" (MQR). Quando a PCE não está disponível, propõe-se efetuar um carregamento estático utilizando o peso próprio do martelo do bate-estaca (CEPM). Mostra-se, através de dois casos de obra, em que estavam disponíveis ensaios de carregamento dinâmico e PCEs, que esse procedimento permite obter uma melhor solução do ponto de vista físico, isto é consistente com as características do subsolo e com a curva carga-recalque da PCE, e não apenas matemático, através da avaliação do \"match quality\" (MQWU). / Since the 1980s a lot of authors showed correlations between static load tests and dynamic load tests on piles. For a good correlation it is necessary a good execution of the load test, also it is necessary to choose a capacity value from the results of the static load test, for example, the Davisson Offset limit load. The time of execution between the static load test and the dynamic load test should be considered because of the set up effect. Dynamic data may be further analyzed by CAPWAP Method to evaluate the soil resistance distribution, the toe resistance, quake and damping values. It is a signal matching method. Its results are based on the \"best possible match\" between computed pile top variable such as the pile top force and its measured equivalent. It is easy to demonstrate almost the same pile capacity on CAPWAP using different soil parameters. It means that even the pile capacity is almost the same, the shape of the pile top load-displacement of the CAPWAP Method and the shaft friction distribution can be different, although all results confirm good match quality. One way to correct the shape of the top loaddisplacement of the CAPWAP Method, as well as the shaft friction distribution, is by comparisson to a static load test. Overlaying both curves, the static load test and the CAPWAP Method, it is possible to determine the shaft quake value on the initial loads on the top load-displacement curve, allowing this way a improvement of the shaft resistance distribution and the toe resistance. In this context arises the concept of \"match quality of settlements\". When the static load test is not avaliabe, this thesis proposes a static load test using the hammer\'s weight of the pile driving machine. It is shown by two case studies that were available static load tests and dynamic load tests, this procedure allows a better solution on physics aspects, this is consistent with the subsoil conditions and the load-settlement curve of the static load test, not only a mathematical solution based on match quality.

This master thesis deals with the strain, stress and reliability analysis of the safety frame of racing car. The safety frame is a part of passive safety, which it becomes active in a case of impact. The safety frame makes a reinforcement of the car body and provides its sufficient stiffness. The first part of the master thesis is focused on determination of stress and strain states during the static loading tests and their analysis. The loading conditions are prescribed by homologation regulations of Fédération Internationale de l´Automobile (FIA). The problem is solved, making use of computational modeling utilizing the Finite Element Method (FEM). The first part of thesis is used for the stiffness and safety analysis under the static loading test. The second part deals with the effect of loading velocity on the stress and strain states using the computational modeling and solver LS-DYNA.

Membrane structures are commonly used in many elds. The studies of thesestructures are of increasing interest. The two projects focus on the evaluations ofequilibrium states for uid-pressurized membranes under dierent loading conditions,and the corresponding instability behavior.The rst part of the current work discusses the instability behavior of a thin,planar, circular and initially horizontal membrane subjected to downwards or upwards uid pressure. The membrane structures exhibit large deformations under uid pressure. Various instability behaviors have been observed for dierent loadingparameters. Limit and bifurcation points have been detected for dierent loadingconditions. Dierent loading parameters have been used to interpret the instabilitybehavior. The eects on instability of parameters, the initial states of the membrane,and the chosen mesh have been discussed.The second part of the current work discusses instability behavior of a thin,spherical and closed membrane containing gas and uid placed on a horizontal rigidand non-friction plane. A multi-parametric loading has been described. By addingthe practically relevant controlling equations, the complex equilibrium paths werefollowed using the generalized path following algorithm, and the stability conclusionswere made dierently, according to the considered load parameters and theconstraints. A generalized eigenvalue analysis was used to evaluate the stabilitybehavior including the constraint eects. Fold line evaluations were performed toanalyze the parametric dependence of the instability behavior. A solution surfaceapproach was used to visualize the mechanical response under this multi-parametricsetting. / <p>QC 20151029</p>

This master thesis deals with static load test and static assessment of selected segments of reinforced concrete ceiling construction of the Hennebique system at the Faculty of Arts at Masaryk University in Brno. This thesis contains: the execution of the static load test, the data evaluation of the static load test and the data evaluation of the complementary laboratory testing, geometric orientation of bearing elements, the checking of the ceiling placement in the peripheral position, and the diagnosis of the reinforcing of the construction. This thesis also includes the static assessment according to various standard norm rules and the numerical analysis in ATENA software program.

Three progressively larger statnamic lateral load tests were performed on a 2.59 m diameter drilled shaft foundation after the surrounding soil was liquefied using down-hole explosive charges. An attempt to develop p-y curves from strain data along the pile was made. Due to low quality and lack of strain data, p-y curves along the test shaft could not be reliably determined. Therefore, the statnamic load tests were analyzed using a ten degree-of-freedom model of the pile-soil system to determine the equivalent static load-deflection curve for each test. The equivalent static load-deflection curves had shapes very similar to that obtained from static load tests performed previously at the site. The computed damping ratio was 30%, which is within the range of values derived from the log decrement method. The computer program LPILE was then used to compute the load-deflection curves in comparison with the response from the field load tests. Analyses were performed using a variety of p-y curve shapes proposed for liquefied sand. The best agreement was obtained using the concave upward curve shapes proposed by Rollins et al. (2005) with a p-multiplier of approximately 8 to account for the increased pile diameter. P-y curves based on the undrained strength approach and the p-multiplier approach with values of 0.1 to 0.3 did not match the measured load-deflection curve over the full range of deflections. These approaches typically overestimated resistance at small deflections and underestimated the resistance at large deflections indicating that the p-y curve shapes were inappropriate. When the liquefied sand was assumed to have no resistance, the computed deflection significantly overestimated the deflections from the field tests.

[pt] A otimização topológica de estruturas sujeitas a carregamentos que variam ao longo do tempo, costuma ter custos computacionais bastante elevados. Isso acontece devido ao grande número de análises dinâmicas que são necessárias. ALém disso, avaliar os gradientes da resposta, que fazem parte da análise de sensibilidade, também resulta em alto custo de computação e requer um grande espaço de armazenamento. Nesta dissertação, em vez de resolver o problema dinâmico original diretamente, é resolvida uma sequência de problemas de otimização de resposta estática com múltiplos casos de carga. Essa abordagem, chamada de método do carregamento estático equivalente, gera cargas estáticas que produzem uma resposta equivalente à obtida na análise dinâmica. Para avaliar as abordagens presentes na literatura, desenvolveu-se um código MATLAB, e diversos exemplos representativos são apresentados. / [en] Topology optimization in the time domain of structures subjected to time-dependent loads is usually computationally expensive, starting with the large number of time-dependent analyses that are required. Futhermore, the computational cost to evaluate the gradients of the response is significantly high and requires a large storage space. In this paper, instead of solving the original dynamical problem directly, we solve a sequence of static response optimization problems with many load cases. This approach, called the equivalent static loads method, generates static loads that produce a similar response in comparison to the same response that the dynamic analysis does. In order to verify the approaches present in the literature, a MATLAB code was developed, and several representatives examples are presented.

The focus of this thesis is the construction of a single girder overhead crane. The goal is to render a crane construction according to preset parameters. The parameters include a lifting power of 8,000 kg, a 10,000 mm reach, a 2,400 mm wheelbase and a stroke of 8,000 mm. The thesis includes brief theoretical research focused on overhead cranes, their various types and description of their main components. Brief description of chosen parameters for the construction itself follows. The description of chosen parameters includes calculations of strain acting during operation, technical and stability parameters, essential for the construction. All calculations were made with regard to valid Czech technical standards and specialized literature which focuses on the construction of cranes and their parts. Finally, the thesis is extended by the required technical drawings.

Kongsberg Automotive is developing a brand-new actuator for engaging and disengaging a clutch for different driveline applications. This master thesis research improves the concept design of the shift fork for the new Dog-Clutch Actuator using Design for Manufacturability (DFM). Initially, the knowledge about the mechanism of the product is gained with the aid of the design team and the proper boundary conditions for the boundary value problem are obtained. The conventional die-cast materials are investigated, and appropriate material is selected to create the material model. Most of the traditional HPDC aluminum alloys are aluminum-silicon system; therefore, a detailed study on the nucleation of Silicon in the melt and how it influences the mechanical properties of the alloy is conducted. During gear engagement, the two rotating gears of the dog-clutch collide and synchronize the angular velocity of the hub and the input gear. The synchronization force is dynamic; therefore, explicit time integration is used to capture the system's response with the assistance of FEM software. As the shift fork undergoes cyclic load during the gear shift, the fatigue analysis is performed to evaluate the life (Nf) of the component using Wohler's curve. The value of the maximum principal stress at the critical spots like notch and its direction are determined using the 3D Mohr's circle. In this analysis, the endurance limit correction factors and notch factor (Kf) are used for the S-N curve correction, and Goodman's criteria are used to incorporate the mean stress effect. Fatigue analysis requires a very fine mesh to estimate the precise stress magnitude at the critical locations and, the structural optimization algorithm requires many iterations to determine the optimal layout of the shift fork. Therefore, the explicit integration scheme is not efficient as it will be computationally expensive and time-consuming to solve the problem. Hence, the equivalent static load is determined for the gear shift force at the peak load and used for calculations and product development. As the initial concept design of the shift fork is asymmetrical, it requires varying stiffness in its structure to transfer the force efficiently to the shift sleeve. The FEA results state that one prong of the shift fork experience up to 75% of the total load, which increases the overall stress of the component (up to 0.9Sy). The shift fork also doesn't have adequate torsional stiffness, and as a result, stress concentration has occurred in one of the fillets in the shift fork. The iterative design is set up to improve the design of the shift fork by optimizing the stiffness of the two prongs which provided the key observations that describe the design changes which improved the design. In this phase, the overall stress of the component is reduced by 20% and minimizes the difference in the load between the two prongs by 27.5% compared to the initial design. The shift fork needs to be light to achieve the necessary acceleration during the gear shift. Therefore, topology optimization using the projected subgradient method is implemented to optimize the mass and compliance of the improved design in the iterative design phase. Then the design realization phase is set up to implement the results obtained from the topology optimization to conceptualize the viable product. The optimized result decreased the overall stress and maximum deflection by 20%. It also reduced the load difference in the two prongs of the shift fork by 35% by maintaining the same mass as the initial concept design.

The doctoral thesis deal with the interaction between the foundation plate and deep foundation in the form of bored piles in the case of skeleton construction. The issue of tension redistribution from the column between the plate and the pile is investigated on specific object – „Shopping and entertainment center Fórum Nová Karolina”. On this object were selected columns monitored and load tests of the piles was executed. Values of the axial loading of the piles and the actual deformation of the construction have been derived from measurements and tests. They were compared with the results of structural behavior by numerical modeling.

The master thesis consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part jet-grouting technology is described briefly. Mechanical properties of jet-grouted piles were characterized. Various estimation methods of ultimate pile bearing capacity are described in this thesis – analytical calculation of ultimate bearing capacity for bored piles and estimation of ultimate pile bearing capacity by analysis of load-displacement curve defined by CHIN (1970; 1972). Load transfer method for piles and hyperbolic load-transfer curve are introduced. As a part of the load-trasfer method analysis, a method of estimating ultimate pile shaft friction called beta method is defined. In the practical part were evaluated several static load tests of jet-grouted piles and were constructed their load-displacemnt curves. Then reverse analysis of the results from static load tests was performed using load-transfer method. Then ultimate pile bearing capacity was estimated using analytical calculation of pile bearing capacity for bored piles and using analysis of load-displacement curve with method by CHIN (1970; 1972). By evaluation of load transfer method and beta method ultimate shaft resistence for each pile was estimated. Results and load-displacement curves were compared.