A power system is normally composed of a large number of generators and transmission lines that are connected through switching stations and substations. The quality and availability of power supply to the customer is highly dependent on the performance of the station equipment. Research shows that station related outages can have considerable impact on the composite system reliability. The individual station components, the station configurations and the terminal connection topologies are important factors in bulk system reliability evaluation. The major components in a station are circuit breakers, bus bars and transformers and these elements are periodically removed from service in order to conduct preventive maintenance. The removal of equipment for maintenance creates a change in the station configuration and a more vulnerable system. The failure of a related major component during a station preventive maintenance outage can result in a system disturbance and customer load loss. The bulk of the existing infrastructure of most electric power systems has been installed over the last 30 to 50 years. Aging failures of system components are a growing issue in modern electric power systems. Station related preventive maintenance outages and aging failures are important factors that affect the system reliability. This thesis examines the reliability implications of station related outages, including maintenance outages and aging outages in basic station configurations using two practical test systems. Models and techniques are created to incorporate these outages in composite system reliability evaluation. The techniques presented and the quantitative analyses illustrated in this thesis provide valuable information for a wide range of system planning, design, reinforcement and maintenance applications, including design and modification of power stations and station maintenance planning.

This thesis presents the development of a new method for incorporating station related outages in composite or bulk system reliability analysis. Station related failures can cause multiple component outages that can propagate to other parts of the network resulting in severe damages. In order to minimize the effects of station related outages on the composite system performance it is necessary for the designer to assess their effects. This task can be achieved by including station related outages in the composite system evaluation. Monte Carlo simulation is used in this research to assess composite system reliability. The new method described in this thesis is used to include station related outages in the reliability evaluation of two composite test systems. This new method is relatively simple and can be used to consider multiple component outages due to station related failures in composite system reliability evaluation. In this approach, the effects of station related outages are combined with the connected terminal failure parameters. Reliability studies conducted on the two composite test systems demonstrates that station failures significantly affect the system performance. The system reliability can be improved by selecting appropriate station configurations. This is illustrated by application to the two composite test systems.

This thesis presents the development of a new method for incorporating station related outages in composite or bulk system reliability analysis. Station related failures can cause multiple component outages that can propagate to other parts of the network resulting in severe damages. In order to minimize the effects of station related outages on the composite system performance it is necessary for the designer to assess their effects. This task can be achieved by including station related outages in the composite system evaluation. Monte Carlo simulation is used in this research to assess composite system reliability. The new method described in this thesis is used to include station related outages in the reliability evaluation of two composite test systems. This new method is relatively simple and can be used to consider multiple component outages due to station related failures in composite system reliability evaluation. In this approach, the effects of station related outages are combined with the connected terminal failure parameters. Reliability studies conducted on the two composite test systems demonstrates that station failures significantly affect the system performance. The system reliability can be improved by selecting appropriate station configurations. This is illustrated by application to the two composite test systems.

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A power system is normally composed of a large number of generators and transmission lines that are connected through switching stations and substations. The quality and availability of power supply to the customer is highly dependent on the performance of the station equipment. Research shows that station related outages can have considerable impact on the composite system reliability. The individual station components, the station configurations and the terminal connection topologies are important factors in bulk system reliability evaluation. The major components in a station are circuit breakers, bus bars and transformers and these elements are periodically removed from service in order to conduct preventive maintenance. The removal of equipment for maintenance creates a change in the station configuration and a more vulnerable system. The failure of a related major component during a station preventive maintenance outage can result in a system disturbance and customer load loss. The bulk of the existing infrastructure of most electric power systems has been installed over the last 30 to 50 years. Aging failures of system components are a growing issue in modern electric power systems. Station related preventive maintenance outages and aging failures are important factors that affect the system reliability. This thesis examines the reliability implications of station related outages, including maintenance outages and aging outages in basic station configurations using two practical test systems. Models and techniques are created to incorporate these outages in composite system reliability evaluation. The techniques presented and the quantitative analyses illustrated in this thesis provide valuable information for a wide range of system planning, design, reinforcement and maintenance applications, including design and modification of power stations and station maintenance planning.

Resilience engineering first appeared as a new approach for both system design and system safety in the last decade. One of the first substantive publications on resilience as applied to engineering was Resilience Engineering: Concepts and Precepts [Hollnagel et al. 2006]. Hollnagel, Woods, and Leveson developed the basic concepts behind resilience engineering in order to understand and prevent tragedies such as the Columbia Challenger accident and the September 11 terrorist attack.<p> In its present stage, resilience engineering has several fundamental problems. 1. There is not an appropriate definition for resilience. 2. The differences between resilience and other similar concepts are not clarified. 3. There is no quantitative method which can measure resilience. The three questions need to be addressed in order to advance the concept of resilience engineering and form a theoretical concept to an applied science. These three issues then form the foundation of this thesis.<p> As a first step, a resilience definition is presented based on the concepts of system function and damage. Then, the differences between resilience and five similar concepts (reliability, robustness, repairing, redundancy, and sustainability) are clearly elaborated. As a last step, a method for quantifying resilience is proposed in the form of a resilience index. This method exclusively measures system resilience by analyzing the system recoverability from two points of view: reconfiguration and replacement of components.<p> In order to illustrate the approach to and definitions of resilience, an actual application is considered: a water pumping station operated by SaskWater in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (the Clarence Booster Station). This pumping station is a complicated system consisting of mechanical electrical and chemical subsystems. The resilience of Clarence Booster Station is analyzed using the proposed definition of resilience and resilience index.<p> This thesis is just an initial step establishing a comprehensive definition (qualitatively and quantitatively) for resilience. The resilience index so defined in this work appears to have potential but much more scrutiny and refinement must be pursued to ensure that it is truly applicable to more universal engineering applications.

The nuclear energy has already widely behaved the type of usage in nowadays, however the output radio wastes of the usage process of the nuclear energy, now saves in Taitung (the radio material of the usage mainly come from an electricity nuclear power station, hospital etc.), and still revolves now in it currently three nuclear power station, face the radio wastes that increase continuously every year, force The Taiwan Power Company to actively look for the final treatment field, to expect to thoroughly resolve to check the waste treatment problem. This research addressed the environment justice by investigation about "the radio wastes saving station in lanyu". establishes in a process, the government parties concerned decision is the way and local people to cognize the difference of top, and the government parties concerned and local people avoids the position of the facilities to the nimby etc., the way that then look for to relax through the detection of problem, reach the most suitable an electricity " the radio wastes saving station " constitution policy to turn with the period. The final treatment project of the low radio wastes relaxs current " the radio wastes saving station in lanyu " is an important public policy, and the urgent performance point conduct and actions to have: (1)The government and The Taiwan Power Company should open and publish the related data of "lanyu plan" of that year, discover history true facts, to dissolve the rumor, worry, and opposition. Depend on the final treatment facilities address constitution regulation of the low radio wastes, actively operate by law. (2)In order to win the people trust, rebuilding the government and set The Taiwan Power Company¡¦s public trust, and responding to make policy the performance implement, even should establish more thoughtful of related ordinance standard with the result that decision the performance ability transparency, effectively also fair implementation environment influence valuation etc.. (3)Establish the mission responsible association, in order to communication, coordination of the professional high class manages the single unit mechanism, simplifying the process. Also effectively dissolve people's worry in uncertainty, determining the government policy position, setting up the action government image of the effect and professional working talent.

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Traditional business process has provoked by advanced information technology and toward a collaborative and cooperative long-term orientation partnership rather than a short-term transactional relationship. Since opened market and loosened regulations on oil products and oil business in Taiwan, gas station industries have competed fiercely that results in a changed relationship with oil suppliers. This article aims to apply the KMV model conceptualized by Morgan & Hunt in 1994 to examine the cooperative partnership between oil suppliers and gas stations owners in Taiwan. 96 effective respondents of 269 samples from five regions, including Tainan county/ city, Kaohsiung county/ city and Pingtung county. The findings demonstrate the importance of relationship benefits, trust, relationship commitment, communication and opportunistic behavior between exchanging partners, whereas acquiescence, propensity to leave, cooperation and uncertainty affected by relationship commitment and trust. And trust is a mediating variable to relationship commitment and cooperation. Some managerial suggestions are given.