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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Role of microRNAs in Hepatocarcinogenesis

Wang, Bo 18 June 2012 (has links)
No description available.
62

Efeito do Yo Jyo Hen Shi Ko (YHK) no metabolismo lipídico na esteatohepatite experimental / Evaluation of Yo Jyo Hen Shi Ko (YHK) in hepatic lipid metabolism in experimental steatohepatitis

Pereira, Isabel Veloso Alves 19 May 2010 (has links)
A Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica (DHGNA) é atualmente uma das formas mais comuns de doença hepática, e está diretamente relacionada com a obesidade. Estudos indicam uma prevalência por volta de 30% na população ocidental e 11% na população oriental. A DGHNA possui um largo espectro abrangendo desde casos de esteatose simples sem inflamação, até casos com esteatohepatite e fibrose, podendo evoluir para cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular. A fisiopatogênese da DHGNA é baseada em múltiplos eventos: resistência insulínica, aumento da lipólise periférica, aumento da síntese de novo de lipídeos, estresse oxidativo, endotoxemia crônica no desencadeamento da inflamação e fibrose entre outros. A etapa inicial caracteriza-se pelo acúmulo de ácidos graxos no hepatócito, suplantando sua capacidade de metabolização e exportação conseqüente à ação lipogênica da insulina, desta forma o metabolismo de ácidos graxos está intimamente ligado ao desenvolvimento da DHGNA. O Yo Jyo Hen Shi Ko (YHK) é um composto natural usado na medicina japonesa para tratamento de doenças hepáticas e apresenta propriedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatórias e hipolipemiantes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do YHK no metabolismo hepático de lipídeos. Para tanto, foram utilizados camundongos obesos (ob/ob) com esteatohepatite não alcoólica (ENA) induzida por dieta deficiente em colina e metionina (DCM) e foram analisados no tecido hepático, genes relacionados com a síntese de novo de lipídeos (SREBP1c, FASn), genes relacionados com a oxidação e exportação de lipídeos (CPT1a e SCD-1, MTP), assim como genes relacionados com o armazenamento de lipídeos (Perilipina e ADFP). O YHK apresentou um efeito citoprotetor hepático com melhora dos parâmetros histológicos neste modelo experimental de ENA. Associadamente, houve redução na expressão de genes relacionados à síntese de novo como SREBP e da FASn, quando se comparou o grupo tratado com DCM+YHK com o grupo não tratado DCM. Em contrapartida, houve aumento na expressão da MTP e da SCD-1 ocasionando uma maior exportação de triglicerídeos hepáticos nos animais que utilizaram o YHK. Ainda, o YHK modulou as proteínas Perilipina e ADFP. Por outro lado, não houve modificação na oxidação de lipídeos.. Conclui-se que o YHK pode ser uma droga promissora no tratamento da DHGNA, já que age modulando genes envolvidos na síntese e exportação de lipídeos hepáticos, reduzindo o acúmulo de gordura no hepatócito / Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently one of the most common forms of liver disease, related directly to the increase of obesity in the world. Previous studies indicate a prevalence of around 30% in the western population and 11% in the eastern. This disease covers cases from simple steatosis without inflammation to cases of steato hepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis and it may lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathophysiology of NAFLD is based on multiple events: insulin resistance, increased peripheral lipolysis, increased de novo lipogenesis, oxidative stress, endotoxemia in triggering chronic inflammation and fibrosis and others. The initial stage of the disease is characterized by the accumulation of fatty acids in hepatocytes caused by the lipogenic action of insulin. This condition results in the surpassing of the cells ability to metabolize and export. This way, the metabolism of fatty acids is closely linked to the development of NAFLD. The Yo Jyo Hen Shi Ko (YHK) is a natural compound used in Japanese medicine for the treatment of liver disease and it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid lowering properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of YHK in the hepatic metabolism of lipids. An experimental model was designed using obese mice (ob/ob) affected by NASH induced by a deficient diet in choline and methionine (MCD). Then, genes from its hepatic tissue related to de novo lipogenesis (SREBP1c, FASN), to lipid oxidation and exportation (CPT1A and SCD-1, MTP) as well as genes related to lipid storage (Perilipin and ADFP) were analyzed. The YHK presented a cytoprotective effect, improving the hepatic histological parameters in this experimental model. Additionally, when comparing the group treated with MCD + YHK (diet + YHK) to the untreated MCD group (diet) there was a reduction in the expression of genes related to de novo synthesis like SREBP1c and FASn. However, an increased expression of MTP and SCD-1 were observed leading to a greater liver exportation of fatty acids in animals that were treated with YHK. Moreover, the YHK modulated the proteins Perilipin and ADFP. On the other hand, there was no changing in lipid oxidation. In summary, the YHK can be a promising drug for the treatment of NAFLD, as it acts by modulating genes involved in the synthesis and exportation of hepatic lipids, reducing the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes
63

Efeito do ácido graxo ômega 3 no tratamento da esteatohepatite não alcoólica (EHNA): estudo randomizado placebo controlado / Effects of omega-3 fatty acids (PUFA) on treatment nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

Santos, Monize Aydar Nogueira 05 March 2015 (has links)
Introdução: Existem poucas estratégias de intervenção medicamentosa que se mostraram eficazes na doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA). Os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPI) Ômega-3 parecem ser eficazes no tratamento da esteatose hepática de modelos experimentais, mas poucos estudos randomizados em humanos foram realizados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar prospectivamente a eficácia de AGPI Ômega-3 provenientes do óleo de linhaça e peixe na esteatohepatite não alcoólica (pacientes com EHNA). Métodos: Sessenta pacientes com biópsia confirmando EHNA foram incluídos no estudo duplo cego, randomizado, placebo controlado. Os pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos. Grupo Ômega-3 (n = 32) recebeu três cápsulas contendo no total 945 mg de AGPI Ômega-3 (63% ácido alfa linolênico (ALA), 21% ácido eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e 16% do ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA)) e Grupo Placebo (n = 28) recebeu três cápsulas contendo óleo mineral. A intervenção foi realizada por seis meses, quando os pacientes foram novamente submetidos à biópsia hepática. O desfecho primário foi a mudança histológica hepática de acordo com o escore de atividade EHNA (NAS) no início (pré intervenção) e seis meses (após intervenção). Desfecho secundário compreendeu análise das aminotransferases séricas, perfil lipídico e glicemia em jejum, parâmetros antropométricos e nível sérico de IL6 em 0, 3 e 6 meses e dosagem de Ômega-3 plasmático, como prova de tratamento, em 0 e 6 meses. Resultados: Dos 60 pacientes avaliados, 10 não terminaram o estudo (5 no grupo Ômega-3, e 5 no grupo placebo). Analisando os resultados primários, a atividade NAS melhorou ou se manteve estável em 78,26% dos pacientes do grupo placebo e em 55,56% do grupo Ômega-3, sem diferença significativa entre os grupos (p = 0,978), a inflamação lobular reduziu ou se manteve estável em 91,3% no grupo de placebo e em 66,67% no grupo Ômega-3, também sem diferença entre os grupos (p = 0,994). Ômega-3 não reduziu a esteatose hepática, balonização hepatocelular e fibrose. Nos parâmetros bioquímicos houve redução do nível de triglicérides em três meses no grupo Ômega-3 (p = 0,011) quando comparado com o placebo. Por outro lado, aminotransferases séricas, colesterol total e frações, glicemia, parâmetros antropométricos e níveis séricos de IL-6 não foram alterados com o tratamento em seis meses quando comparado com placebo. Analisando o resultado do Ômega-3 plasmático no período seis meses, observou-se que no grupo Ômega-3 houve aumento do ALA (p = 0,014), EPA (p = 0,016), da relação Ômega-3/Ômega-6 (p = 0,018) e redução do ARA (p= 0,028), enquanto que no grupo placebo encontrou-se aumento do Ômega-3 nas formas de EPA (p = 0,03), DHA (p = 0,036) relação Ômega-3/Ômega-6 (p = 0,007), o que comprova que o grupo placebo de alguma forma ingeriu também Ômega-3. Avaliando o Ômega-3 plasmático entre grupos tratamento e placebo tem-se diferença entre os grupos em relação ao ARA (p = 0,03) que reduziu no grupo \"tratado com Ômega-3\". Devido ao consumo de Ômega-3 pelo grupo placebo, optou-se por desconsiderar o duplo cego e fazer nova análise estatística baseada no aumento de Ômega-3 plasmático e comparar com melhora histológica das variáveis NAS e encontrou-se que o aumento do DHA estava positivamente relacionado com a melhora ou estabilização da inflamação lobular em seis meses de estudo (p = 0,014). Conclusões: Os resultados dste estudo indicam que AGPI Ômega-3 a partir de uma mistura de óleos de linhaça e peixe não pode melhorar a histologia hepática, a maioria dos parâmetros bioquímicos e os níveis séricos de IL-6; no entanto, esta suplementação impacta significativamente o perfil lipídico dos pacientes com EHNA, aumentando os níveis de AGPI Ômega-3, diminuindo os níveis da ácido araquidônico (AA), potencialmente próinflamatória da família AGPI Ômega-6, e diminuição dos níveis de triglicérides séricos. Na análise post hoc houve correlação significativa entre o aumento dos níveis plasmáticos de DHA e melhora da inflamação lobular, independentemente do tratamento recebido. A limitação do estudo foi o grupo placebo ter ingerido ácidos graxos Ômega-3. Mais estudos são necessários para confirmar estes resultados (ID 01992809) / Introduction: There is a limited number of effective drug treatments available for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Polyunsaturaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) Omega 3 seems to be effective in treating hepatic steatosis in experimental animal models, however there is a limited number of humans randomized studies available in the literature. The purpose of the present study is to prospectively evaluate the treatment efficacy of the PUFAs Omega 3 from flaxseed and fish in patients with NASH disease. Methods: A total of sixty biopsy confirmed NASH patients were included in a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study. They were randomized into two groups: Omega 3 group (n = 32) where patients received a total of 945mg of PUFAs Omega 3 and Placebo group (n = 28) where patients received only mineral oil. After a 6 month treatment all patients underwent a new liver biopsy. Primary goal was to evaluate and compare liver histologic changes, according to Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS), between pre and post treatment biopsies. Secondary goal was to evaluate serum transaminases, lipid profile and serum non fasting glucose, anthropometric parameters and serum IL6 at 0, 3 and 6 month treatment. A serum Omega 3 dosage was performed at 0 and 6 month as treatment proof. Results: A total of 50 patients finished the study, 25 from each original group. NAS score improved or was unaltered in 78.26% of the placebo group and in 55.56% of the Omega 3 group (p = 0,978). Lobular liver inflammation was reduced or unaltered in 91.3% and in 66.67% respectively of the placebo and Omega 3 groups (p = 0,994). Omega 3 alone was not able to reduce liver steatosis, hepatocelular balonization or fibrosis. Biochemical analysis revealed reduction on serum triglycerides after 3 month treatment for the Omega 3 group patients, when compared to placebo (p=0,011). Serum transaminases, total cholesterol and fractions, non fasting glucose and IL-6 were found to have no changes after 6 month treatment, when compared to placebo. After 6 month we found serum rise of Omega 3 on its forms as ALA (p= 0,014) and EPA (p = 0,016), and of the relation Omega 3/Omega 6 (p = 0,018), besides a reduction of the ARA (p= 0,028). The placebo group demonstrated to have an Omega 3 serum rise of its forms as EPA (p = 0,03) and DHA (p = 0,036) and of the relation Omega3/Omega6 (p = 0,007). These findings are proof that the placebo group also ingested some form of Omega 3. There is a difference between the groups regarding the serum Omega 3 on the ARA relation, which was reduced in the Omega 3 group. Due to the Omega 3 ingestion by the placebo group we decided to not consider the double blind and to perform a new statistic analysis based on the serum Omega 3 rise and compare with the improvement on NAS histologic variables. The analysis revealed that DHA rise was positively related with an improvement or unchanged of lobular inflammation after 6 months (p= 0,014). Conclusions: The present study was able to demonstrate that the AGPI Omega 3 from flaxseed and fish can not improve hepatic histology, most of the biochemical parameters and serum levels of IL-6. However this type of supplementation revealed a significant impact over lipid profile from NASH patients, providing an rise on AGPI Omega 3 levels and reducing the levels of Araquidonic Acid (AA) and triglycerides. The post hoc analysis demonstrated a significative correlation between the serum rise of DHA and the improvement of lobular inflammation, regardless of the received treatment. The fact that the placebo group ingested Omega 3 revealed to be a limitation of the present study. More studies are recommended to confirm our findings (ID 01992809)
64

Mathematische Modellierung der Dynamik von Lipidtropfen in Leberzellen

Wallstab, Christin 03 April 2017 (has links)
Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit der Dynamik von Lipidtropfen (LDs), die der Speicherung von Lipiden (hauptsächlich Triacylglycerol, TAG) dienen. Das epidemische Auftreten von Adipositas und der sogenannten Fettleber (Steatose) hat das wissenschaftliche Interesse an der Regulation der zellulären Speicherung in LDs stark beflügelt. Es gibt inzwischen zahlreiche Publikationen zu einzelnen Aspekten der Bildung, des Wachstums und des Abbaus von Lipidtropfen. Ein detailliertes mathematisches Modell, das diese Einzelergebnisse in ein konsistentes Bild zusammenfügt, gibt es allerdings nicht. Die Aufstellung, Validierung und Anwendung eines umfassenden mathematischen Modells der Dynamik von LDs steht daher im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit. Dieses Modell umfasst unter anderem die Aufnahme von freien Fettsäuren aus dem Blutplasma, die Veresterung zu TAG, die Bildung, das Wachstum und die Lipolyse von Lipidtropfen, die durch etliche regulatorische Oberflächenproteine (ROPs) gesteuert werden. Eine wesentliche Frage im Zusammenhang mit der Entstehung einer Fettleber gilt den Mechanismen, die den heterogenen Fetteinlagerungen in der Leber zugrunde liegen. Eigene Experimente mit humanen Hepatomzellen (PLC) zeigten, dass eine Heterogenität in der TAG-Speicherung auch in isolierten Zellen existiert, wenn man sie einer Fettsäurebelastung unterwirft. Modellsimulationen zeigen, dass Schwankungen in der Expression zentraler regulatorischer Proteine bereits eine Heterogenität bis zu 50% erklären können. Unter der Annahme, dass eine solche Variabilität der Genexpression auch im intakten Organ vorliegt, prognostiziert das Modell eine Variation im TAG-Gehalt einzelner Zellen um einen Faktor drei bis sechs. Zusammenfassend ist zu sagen, dass der Modellansatz zahlreiche experimentelle Ergebnisse von einzelnen Prozessen im zellulären TAG-Metabolismus und im Metabolismus der LD-Dynamik in ein konsistentes, neuartiges und dynamisches Modell eines metabolischen Netzwerks integriert. / This dissertation occupies with the dynamics of lipid droplets (LDs) serving as lipid deposit transporting, mainly triacylglycerol (TAG). The epidemic occurrence of obesity and steatosis has inspired strongly the scientific interest in regulation of hepatic TAG accumulation. There are now numerous publications regarding individual aspects of formation, maturation and lipolysis of LDs. However, a detailed computational model putting together this fractional knowledge is lacking so far. I focus on development, validation and implementation a kinetic model encompassing the pathways of the fatty acids (FFA) and TAG metabolism and the main molecular processes governing the dynamics of LDs. Experiments with primary human hepatocytes incubated with an excess of FFA show a large heterogeneity of TAG content and LD size distribution. Intriguingly, a large cell-to-cell heterogeneity with respect to the number and size of LDs has been found in various cell types. These findings suggest that the extent of cellular lipid accumulation is not only determined by the imbalance between lipid supply and utilization but also by variations in the expression of regulatory surface proteins and metabolic enzymes. To better understand the relative regulatory impact of individual processes involved in the cellular TAG turnover we varied randomly the expression of RSPs and metabolic enzymes. A random fold change by a factor of about 2 in the activity of RSPs was sufficient to reproduce the large diversity of droplet size distributions. Under the premise that the same extent of variability of RSPs holds for the intact organ, our model predicts variations in the TAG content of individual hepatocytes by a factor of about three to six depending on the nutritional regime. Taken together, our modeling approach integrates numerous experimental findings on individual processes in the cellular TAG metabolism and LD dynamics metabolism to a consistent state-of-the-art dynamic network model.
65

Mécanismes de l’inflammation hépatique liée à l’obésité / Mechanisms of hepatic inflammation linked to obesity

Boujedidi, Hédia 09 December 2011 (has links)
Les lésions hépatiques observées au cours de l'obésité (NAFLD, stéatopathie non alcoolique) s'étendent de la stéatose isolée à la stéatohépatite (NASH, stéatohépatitie non alcoolique), la fibrose, la cirrhose et au carcinome hépatocellulaire. L'identification des mécanismes de recrutement des cellules immunitaires par le foie stéatosique est une étape clé dans la compréhension du déclenchement de l'inflammation hépatique et la recherche de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques. Au cours de l’obésité, la stéatose sensibilise le foie au lipopolysaccharide (LPS), qui active la voie pro-inflammatoire NFκB. Nous avons récemment montré que: 1) la stéatose induisait une augmentation du recrutement lymphocytaire (TCD4+, TCD8+ et B) vers le foie mais également une augmentation de la réponse des lymphocytes TCD4+ à la chimiokine CXCL12 (SDF-1α), dont le récepteur est CXCR4 ; 2) GILZ (Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper), une protéine induite par les glucocorticoïdes (GCs), inhibait la voie NFkB et jouait un rôle clé dans l’inflammation hépatique au cours de la consommation excessive d’alcool.Le but de ce travail était d’étudier les mécanismes de l’inflammation hépatique liée à l’obésité. Au cours de mon travail, nous avons montré que le chimiotactisme des lymphocytes TCD4+ à la chimiokine CXCL12 était augmenté non seulement chez les souris obèses mais également chez des patients ayant une NASH. L’augmentation de l’effet chimiotactique de CXCL12 était due à une augmentation de l’affinité de CXCL12 à son récepteur CXCR4. La migration anormale des lymphocytes T CD4+ vers le foie stéatosique était réversible pharmacologiquement en inhibant la liaison de CXCL12 à CXCR4 par AMD3100 (antagoniste deCXCR4). Le déficit d’expression et l’altération de l’induction du facteur anti-inflammatoire GILZ dans les cellules des Kupffer des souris obèses étaient responsables de la sensibilisation de ces cellules au LPS. Cette altération était liée à la diminution de l’expression du récepteur aux glucocorticoïdes (GR) dans les cellules de Kupffer des souris obèses. La surexpression de GILZ dans l’obésité en utilisant des souris trangéniques restaurait la tolérance hépatique au LPS. Ces anomalies des lymphocytes TCD4+ et de l’expression de GILZ dans les cellules de Kupffer participent au déclenchement d’une inflammation hépatique sur un foie stéatosique et pourraient représenter de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques / Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The identification of the mechanisms involved in the recruitment of immunity cells by the fatty liver is a key in the comprehension of the onset of liver and the finding of new therapeutic targets. In obesity, steatosis sensitizes the liver to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the gastrointestinal tract and the NFkB pro-inflammatory pathway is activated. We recently showed that: 1) the steatosis led to an increase recruitment of lymphocytes (TCD4+, TCD8+ and B) by the liver but also an hyperresponsive of CD4+T cells to CXCL12 (SDF-1"), the ligand of CXCR4; 2) GILZ(Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper), a protein induced by glucocorticoids (GCs), inhibits the nuclear factor kB pathway and plays a key role in alcoholic hepatitis.This aim of my work was to study the mechanisms involved in obesity-related liver inflammation.I demonstrated that the chemotaxis of CD4+T cells to CXCL12 was increased not only in obese mice but also in patients with NASH. This increased chemotactisme of CXCL12 was due to an increase of the affinity ofCXCL12 to its receptor. The abnormal migration of CD4+T lymphocytes to the fatty liver was reversible by pharmacologically inhibiting the binding of CXCL12 to CXCR4 using AMD3100.The decreased expression and the impairment of the induction of the anti-inflammatory factor GILZ in Kupffer cells from obese mice was responsible for a sensitization of these cells to LPS. This impairment was due to a decrease of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in Kupffer cells from obese mice. The overexpression of GILZ level in obese transgenic mice restored the liver tolerance to LPS. These abnormalities of CD4+T lymphocytes and the GILZ expression in Kupffer cells contribute to the onset of liver inflammation in obesity and may represent new therapeutic targets.
66

Cost-effectiveness of NASH screening

Zhang, Eric W. 09 1900 (has links)
No description available.
67

Efeito do ácido graxo ômega 3 no tratamento da esteatohepatite não alcoólica (EHNA): estudo randomizado placebo controlado / Effects of omega-3 fatty acids (PUFA) on treatment nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

Monize Aydar Nogueira Santos 05 March 2015 (has links)
Introdução: Existem poucas estratégias de intervenção medicamentosa que se mostraram eficazes na doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA). Os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPI) Ômega-3 parecem ser eficazes no tratamento da esteatose hepática de modelos experimentais, mas poucos estudos randomizados em humanos foram realizados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar prospectivamente a eficácia de AGPI Ômega-3 provenientes do óleo de linhaça e peixe na esteatohepatite não alcoólica (pacientes com EHNA). Métodos: Sessenta pacientes com biópsia confirmando EHNA foram incluídos no estudo duplo cego, randomizado, placebo controlado. Os pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos. Grupo Ômega-3 (n = 32) recebeu três cápsulas contendo no total 945 mg de AGPI Ômega-3 (63% ácido alfa linolênico (ALA), 21% ácido eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e 16% do ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA)) e Grupo Placebo (n = 28) recebeu três cápsulas contendo óleo mineral. A intervenção foi realizada por seis meses, quando os pacientes foram novamente submetidos à biópsia hepática. O desfecho primário foi a mudança histológica hepática de acordo com o escore de atividade EHNA (NAS) no início (pré intervenção) e seis meses (após intervenção). Desfecho secundário compreendeu análise das aminotransferases séricas, perfil lipídico e glicemia em jejum, parâmetros antropométricos e nível sérico de IL6 em 0, 3 e 6 meses e dosagem de Ômega-3 plasmático, como prova de tratamento, em 0 e 6 meses. Resultados: Dos 60 pacientes avaliados, 10 não terminaram o estudo (5 no grupo Ômega-3, e 5 no grupo placebo). Analisando os resultados primários, a atividade NAS melhorou ou se manteve estável em 78,26% dos pacientes do grupo placebo e em 55,56% do grupo Ômega-3, sem diferença significativa entre os grupos (p = 0,978), a inflamação lobular reduziu ou se manteve estável em 91,3% no grupo de placebo e em 66,67% no grupo Ômega-3, também sem diferença entre os grupos (p = 0,994). Ômega-3 não reduziu a esteatose hepática, balonização hepatocelular e fibrose. Nos parâmetros bioquímicos houve redução do nível de triglicérides em três meses no grupo Ômega-3 (p = 0,011) quando comparado com o placebo. Por outro lado, aminotransferases séricas, colesterol total e frações, glicemia, parâmetros antropométricos e níveis séricos de IL-6 não foram alterados com o tratamento em seis meses quando comparado com placebo. Analisando o resultado do Ômega-3 plasmático no período seis meses, observou-se que no grupo Ômega-3 houve aumento do ALA (p = 0,014), EPA (p = 0,016), da relação Ômega-3/Ômega-6 (p = 0,018) e redução do ARA (p= 0,028), enquanto que no grupo placebo encontrou-se aumento do Ômega-3 nas formas de EPA (p = 0,03), DHA (p = 0,036) relação Ômega-3/Ômega-6 (p = 0,007), o que comprova que o grupo placebo de alguma forma ingeriu também Ômega-3. Avaliando o Ômega-3 plasmático entre grupos tratamento e placebo tem-se diferença entre os grupos em relação ao ARA (p = 0,03) que reduziu no grupo \"tratado com Ômega-3\". Devido ao consumo de Ômega-3 pelo grupo placebo, optou-se por desconsiderar o duplo cego e fazer nova análise estatística baseada no aumento de Ômega-3 plasmático e comparar com melhora histológica das variáveis NAS e encontrou-se que o aumento do DHA estava positivamente relacionado com a melhora ou estabilização da inflamação lobular em seis meses de estudo (p = 0,014). Conclusões: Os resultados dste estudo indicam que AGPI Ômega-3 a partir de uma mistura de óleos de linhaça e peixe não pode melhorar a histologia hepática, a maioria dos parâmetros bioquímicos e os níveis séricos de IL-6; no entanto, esta suplementação impacta significativamente o perfil lipídico dos pacientes com EHNA, aumentando os níveis de AGPI Ômega-3, diminuindo os níveis da ácido araquidônico (AA), potencialmente próinflamatória da família AGPI Ômega-6, e diminuição dos níveis de triglicérides séricos. Na análise post hoc houve correlação significativa entre o aumento dos níveis plasmáticos de DHA e melhora da inflamação lobular, independentemente do tratamento recebido. A limitação do estudo foi o grupo placebo ter ingerido ácidos graxos Ômega-3. Mais estudos são necessários para confirmar estes resultados (ID 01992809) / Introduction: There is a limited number of effective drug treatments available for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Polyunsaturaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) Omega 3 seems to be effective in treating hepatic steatosis in experimental animal models, however there is a limited number of humans randomized studies available in the literature. The purpose of the present study is to prospectively evaluate the treatment efficacy of the PUFAs Omega 3 from flaxseed and fish in patients with NASH disease. Methods: A total of sixty biopsy confirmed NASH patients were included in a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study. They were randomized into two groups: Omega 3 group (n = 32) where patients received a total of 945mg of PUFAs Omega 3 and Placebo group (n = 28) where patients received only mineral oil. After a 6 month treatment all patients underwent a new liver biopsy. Primary goal was to evaluate and compare liver histologic changes, according to Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS), between pre and post treatment biopsies. Secondary goal was to evaluate serum transaminases, lipid profile and serum non fasting glucose, anthropometric parameters and serum IL6 at 0, 3 and 6 month treatment. A serum Omega 3 dosage was performed at 0 and 6 month as treatment proof. Results: A total of 50 patients finished the study, 25 from each original group. NAS score improved or was unaltered in 78.26% of the placebo group and in 55.56% of the Omega 3 group (p = 0,978). Lobular liver inflammation was reduced or unaltered in 91.3% and in 66.67% respectively of the placebo and Omega 3 groups (p = 0,994). Omega 3 alone was not able to reduce liver steatosis, hepatocelular balonization or fibrosis. Biochemical analysis revealed reduction on serum triglycerides after 3 month treatment for the Omega 3 group patients, when compared to placebo (p=0,011). Serum transaminases, total cholesterol and fractions, non fasting glucose and IL-6 were found to have no changes after 6 month treatment, when compared to placebo. After 6 month we found serum rise of Omega 3 on its forms as ALA (p= 0,014) and EPA (p = 0,016), and of the relation Omega 3/Omega 6 (p = 0,018), besides a reduction of the ARA (p= 0,028). The placebo group demonstrated to have an Omega 3 serum rise of its forms as EPA (p = 0,03) and DHA (p = 0,036) and of the relation Omega3/Omega6 (p = 0,007). These findings are proof that the placebo group also ingested some form of Omega 3. There is a difference between the groups regarding the serum Omega 3 on the ARA relation, which was reduced in the Omega 3 group. Due to the Omega 3 ingestion by the placebo group we decided to not consider the double blind and to perform a new statistic analysis based on the serum Omega 3 rise and compare with the improvement on NAS histologic variables. The analysis revealed that DHA rise was positively related with an improvement or unchanged of lobular inflammation after 6 months (p= 0,014). Conclusions: The present study was able to demonstrate that the AGPI Omega 3 from flaxseed and fish can not improve hepatic histology, most of the biochemical parameters and serum levels of IL-6. However this type of supplementation revealed a significant impact over lipid profile from NASH patients, providing an rise on AGPI Omega 3 levels and reducing the levels of Araquidonic Acid (AA) and triglycerides. The post hoc analysis demonstrated a significative correlation between the serum rise of DHA and the improvement of lobular inflammation, regardless of the received treatment. The fact that the placebo group ingested Omega 3 revealed to be a limitation of the present study. More studies are recommended to confirm our findings (ID 01992809)
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Efeito do Yo Jyo Hen Shi Ko (YHK) no metabolismo lipídico na esteatohepatite experimental / Evaluation of Yo Jyo Hen Shi Ko (YHK) in hepatic lipid metabolism in experimental steatohepatitis

Isabel Veloso Alves Pereira 19 May 2010 (has links)
A Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica (DHGNA) é atualmente uma das formas mais comuns de doença hepática, e está diretamente relacionada com a obesidade. Estudos indicam uma prevalência por volta de 30% na população ocidental e 11% na população oriental. A DGHNA possui um largo espectro abrangendo desde casos de esteatose simples sem inflamação, até casos com esteatohepatite e fibrose, podendo evoluir para cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular. A fisiopatogênese da DHGNA é baseada em múltiplos eventos: resistência insulínica, aumento da lipólise periférica, aumento da síntese de novo de lipídeos, estresse oxidativo, endotoxemia crônica no desencadeamento da inflamação e fibrose entre outros. A etapa inicial caracteriza-se pelo acúmulo de ácidos graxos no hepatócito, suplantando sua capacidade de metabolização e exportação conseqüente à ação lipogênica da insulina, desta forma o metabolismo de ácidos graxos está intimamente ligado ao desenvolvimento da DHGNA. O Yo Jyo Hen Shi Ko (YHK) é um composto natural usado na medicina japonesa para tratamento de doenças hepáticas e apresenta propriedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatórias e hipolipemiantes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do YHK no metabolismo hepático de lipídeos. Para tanto, foram utilizados camundongos obesos (ob/ob) com esteatohepatite não alcoólica (ENA) induzida por dieta deficiente em colina e metionina (DCM) e foram analisados no tecido hepático, genes relacionados com a síntese de novo de lipídeos (SREBP1c, FASn), genes relacionados com a oxidação e exportação de lipídeos (CPT1a e SCD-1, MTP), assim como genes relacionados com o armazenamento de lipídeos (Perilipina e ADFP). O YHK apresentou um efeito citoprotetor hepático com melhora dos parâmetros histológicos neste modelo experimental de ENA. Associadamente, houve redução na expressão de genes relacionados à síntese de novo como SREBP e da FASn, quando se comparou o grupo tratado com DCM+YHK com o grupo não tratado DCM. Em contrapartida, houve aumento na expressão da MTP e da SCD-1 ocasionando uma maior exportação de triglicerídeos hepáticos nos animais que utilizaram o YHK. Ainda, o YHK modulou as proteínas Perilipina e ADFP. Por outro lado, não houve modificação na oxidação de lipídeos.. Conclui-se que o YHK pode ser uma droga promissora no tratamento da DHGNA, já que age modulando genes envolvidos na síntese e exportação de lipídeos hepáticos, reduzindo o acúmulo de gordura no hepatócito / Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently one of the most common forms of liver disease, related directly to the increase of obesity in the world. Previous studies indicate a prevalence of around 30% in the western population and 11% in the eastern. This disease covers cases from simple steatosis without inflammation to cases of steato hepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis and it may lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathophysiology of NAFLD is based on multiple events: insulin resistance, increased peripheral lipolysis, increased de novo lipogenesis, oxidative stress, endotoxemia in triggering chronic inflammation and fibrosis and others. The initial stage of the disease is characterized by the accumulation of fatty acids in hepatocytes caused by the lipogenic action of insulin. This condition results in the surpassing of the cells ability to metabolize and export. This way, the metabolism of fatty acids is closely linked to the development of NAFLD. The Yo Jyo Hen Shi Ko (YHK) is a natural compound used in Japanese medicine for the treatment of liver disease and it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid lowering properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of YHK in the hepatic metabolism of lipids. An experimental model was designed using obese mice (ob/ob) affected by NASH induced by a deficient diet in choline and methionine (MCD). Then, genes from its hepatic tissue related to de novo lipogenesis (SREBP1c, FASN), to lipid oxidation and exportation (CPT1A and SCD-1, MTP) as well as genes related to lipid storage (Perilipin and ADFP) were analyzed. The YHK presented a cytoprotective effect, improving the hepatic histological parameters in this experimental model. Additionally, when comparing the group treated with MCD + YHK (diet + YHK) to the untreated MCD group (diet) there was a reduction in the expression of genes related to de novo synthesis like SREBP1c and FASn. However, an increased expression of MTP and SCD-1 were observed leading to a greater liver exportation of fatty acids in animals that were treated with YHK. Moreover, the YHK modulated the proteins Perilipin and ADFP. On the other hand, there was no changing in lipid oxidation. In summary, the YHK can be a promising drug for the treatment of NAFLD, as it acts by modulating genes involved in the synthesis and exportation of hepatic lipids, reducing the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes
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Vliv n-3 polynenasycených mastných kyselin na rozvoj nealkoholového jaterního postižení v experimentu, výskyt u pacientů s diabetem mellitem 2. typu a metabolickým syndromem, možnosti neinvazivní diagnostiky / Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in experiment, prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, non-invasive diagnostics

Dvořák, Karel January 2015 (has links)
This thesis focuses on the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in experiment, on prevalence of this condition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome and also on non-invasive diagnostics. The aim was to study the effect of n-3 PUFA on NAFLD development in an experimental model and based on analysis of a group of patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome to assess the prevalence of this condition. Lastly we aimed to evaluate non-invasive diagnostic methods of liver fibrosis and NASH. We demonstrated beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA administration on NAFLD development in a C57/Bl6 mice high fat methionin-cholin defficient dietary model of NAFLD. n-3 PUFA administration led to biochemical improvement, decrease of lipid accumulation in the liver as well as improvement of histology. These effects are determined by complex modulation of lipid metabolism, mainly due to decrease in availability of fatty acids for triglyceride synthesis in the liver, changes of adipokine levels and amelioration of proinflammatory status in the liver. In a group of type 2 diabetics we found NAFLD prevalence of almost 80%, 14% of these patients had also signs of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Non-invasive methods...
70

Vliv n-3 polynenasycených mastných kyselin na rozvoj nealkoholového jaterního postižení v experimentu, výskyt u pacientů s diabetem mellitem 2. typu a metabolickým syndromem, možnosti neinvazivní diagnostiky / Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in experiment, prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, non-invasive diagnostics

Dvořák, Karel January 2015 (has links)
This thesis focuses on the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in experiment, on prevalence of this condition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome and also on non-invasive diagnostics. The aim was to study the effect of n-3 PUFA on NAFLD development in an experimental model and based on analysis of a group of patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome to assess the prevalence of this condition. Lastly we aimed to evaluate non-invasive diagnostic methods of liver fibrosis and NASH. We demonstrated beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA administration on NAFLD development in a C57/Bl6 mice high fat methionin-cholin defficient dietary model of NAFLD. n-3 PUFA administration led to biochemical improvement, decrease of lipid accumulation in the liver as well as improvement of histology. These effects are determined by complex modulation of lipid metabolism, mainly due to decrease in availability of fatty acids for triglyceride synthesis in the liver, changes of adipokine levels and amelioration of proinflammatory status in the liver. In a group of type 2 diabetics we found NAFLD prevalence of almost 80%, 14% of these patients had also signs of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Non-invasive methods...

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