The thesis focuses on the image of Czechs in German caricatures. The image of Czechs is researched on caricatures through historical timeline consisting of milestones of Czech- German relationship. The first chapter focuses on Czech-German tension from times of Badeni's language ordinances to Ann's patents. Furthermore, the image of Czechs is investigated in period of Great War. The focus is primarily on the rise of independent Czechoslovakia because main hypothesis states that the image of Czechs was intensified after this event. The next researched time period is year 1933 as Nazi party took over. The last researched period is time period 1937-1939. The focus is on death of T. G. Masaryk. The thesis is complemented by Austrian caricatures which aim to extend the image of Czechs by Austrian view. The Austrian image of Czechs is then compared to German one. Analysis is made through image analysis of German and Austrian caricatures. The research is done on 35 historical caricatures and is supported by secondary literature. The caricatures were picked from major satirical-humoristic magazines such as Simplicissimus, Kladderadatsch, Fliegende Blätter, Kikeriki and Figaro.

Le trouble du spectre de l’autisme se caractérise par la présence de difficultés au plan de la communication sociale et par la présence de comportements répétitifs et d’intérêts restreints (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Les enfants ayant un TSA présentent plusieurs difficultés concomitantes qui les rendent plus susceptibles de vivre des niveaux de stress élevés, comme des déficits dans la sphère de la communication, de la socialisation et des fonctions exécutives, ainsi que la présence de particularités sensorielles (Groden et al., 1994, 2005). Malgré que ces enfants soient plus à risque de vivre du stress, plusieurs enjeux méthodologiques rendent difficile sa mesure et plus particulièrement chez ceux qui sont non verbaux. Pour ces raisons, le recours aux mesures physiologiques pour évaluer le stress auprès de cette clientèle est d’une grande pertinence. Par contre, les sensibilités sensorielles de ces enfants pourraient les rendre plus susceptibles de ne pas tolérer ces mesures. Le premier article de cette thèse vise donc à évaluer l’efficacité de l’intervention comportementale renforcement différentiel d’autres comportements (differential reinforcement of other behavior; DRO) pour augmenter la tolérance au port d’une ceinture cardiaque chez deux enfants non verbaux ayant un TSA. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que cette intervention a été efficace pour amener ces enfants à augmenter leur tolérance au port du dispositif cardiaque. Un autre aspect qui a reçu beaucoup d’attention dans les dernières années est l’implication du stress dans l’explication des comportements répétitifs et stéréotypés chez les personnes ayant un TSA. Les résultats des études antérieures sont contradictoires (de Vaan et al., 2018; Gabriels et al., 2013; Hutt et al., 1975; Lydon et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2015) et ont principalement utilisé des mesures indirectes des comportements répétitifs. Pour cette raison, le deuxième article de cet ouvrage vise à évaluer le lien entre le cortisol salivaire, le rythme cardiaque et des mesures d’observations directes de la stéréotypie chez quatre enfants minimalement verbaux ayant un TSA. Les résultats montrent que le cortisol et le rythme cardiaque sont significativement liés à la stéréotypie globale et motrice, sans que ces liens soient observés avec la stéréotypie vocale. Finalement, mesurer directement les comportements stéréotypés demande beaucoup de ressources, ce qui pourrait expliquer la prépondérance des mesures indirectes dans les études. Comme pour l’évaluation du stress, il importe de réfléchir aux méthodes alternatives abordables et accessibles qui pourraient améliorer la mesure de ces comportements. Le troisième article de cette thèse a évalué l’efficacité d’un algorithme d’intelligence artificielle (IA) dans la reconnaissance de la stéréotypie vocale chez des enfants ayant un TSA. Les résultats démontrent que la performance de l’algorithme est supérieure à la reconnaissance due au hasard. Bien que des recherches futures soient nécessaires pour augmenter l’efficacité de cette méthode, l’IA représente une technologie novatrice ayant le potentiel d’améliorer significativement les méthodes actuellement utilisées pour mesurer la stéréotypie. En conclusion, le présent ouvrage explore différentes avenues novatrices pour mieux comprendre et de monitorer la stéréotypie chez les enfants ayant un TSA. / Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by the presence of difficulties in social communication and the presence of repetitive behaviors and restricted interests (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Children with ASD have several concurrent difficulties, such as deficits in communication, socialization, and executive function, as well as the presence of sensory peculiarities that make them more likely to experience high levels of stress (Groden et al., 2005). Although these children are at increased risk for stress, a number of methodological issues make it difficult to measure, particularly in non-verbal children. For these reasons, the use of physiological measures to assess stress among this group is highly relevant. On the other hand, the sensory sensitivities of these children could potentially make them more likely to be intolerant to these measures. Therefore, the first study in this thesis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) to increase compliance with wearing a heart rate monitor in two non-verbal children with ASD. The results obtained portray that this intervention was effective in getting these children to increase their compliance to wearing a cardiac device. Another aspect that has received much attention in recent years is the involvement of stress in explaining repetitive behaviors in individuals with ASD. However, the results of previous studies have been producing contradictory results (de Vaan et al., 2018; Gabriels et al., 2013; Hutt et al., 1975; Lydon et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2015), and have mainly been using indirect measures of stereotypy. For this reason, the second study in this thesis aims to evaluate the relationship between salivary cortisol, heart rate, and direct observational measures of stereotypy in four minimally verbal children with ASD. The results show that cortisol and heart rate are significantly related to global and motor stereotypy, but not to vocal stereotypy. Finally, measuring stereotypy requires a lot of resources, which could explain the preponderance of indirect measuring in studies on stress. As with the measurement of stress, it is important to consider affordable and alternative methods that could improve the measurement of these behaviors, and therefore the third study evaluated the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm in the recognition of vocal stereotypy in children with ASD. The results show that the performance of the algorithm is superior to recognition due to chance. Although future research is needed to increase the effectiveness of this method, AI represents an innovative technology with the potential to significantly improve the methods currently used to measure vocal stereotypy. In conclusion, this thesis explores different innovative methods to better understand and monitor stereotypy in children with ASD.

The thesis interprets the ideal of women beauty before and after 1989 in terms of sociological and culture discourse in Vlasta magazine. The key premise of the thesis is the claim that ideal of women beauty differs before and after 1989. It is possible to expect influence of politic system, social structure and culture forms on discourse of women beauty. Character of this thesis is theoretically-empiric. The sociologic gender theory serves as the frame for chosen topic. Research is based on analysis of discourse of women beauty in Vlasta magazine in 1975 and 2005. The goal of overall analysis is to provide series of detailed analysis which describe general magazine topics and role of the magazine in certain historical period beside discourse of beauty. I have chosen qualitative sociological method called discursive analysis for my thesis. Ambition of the thesis is to analyze one specific social discourse and introduce all key social, historical and culture aspects which can influence the discourse and use Vlasta magazine as its concrete case. Keywords Ideal of women beauty, discourse, media discourse, gender, discursive analysis, Vlasta magazine, transformation, socialism, media, gender stereotypes, gender socialization

The diploma thesis analyzes the collection of fairy tales titled Pohádky pod polštář (Fairy Tales to Put Under the Pillow), written by psychologist Zuzana Pospíšilová and illustrated by Katarína Ilkovičová. The collection was published in the Czech Republic in 2012. The individual fairy tales are based on European folklore and adapted for the Czech cultural context. In terms of presentation, the collection is intended as a modern update of the popular children's fairy tale format. My analysis is rooted in feminist theory and feminist cultural and literary studies, as exemplified by authors such as Pam Morris, Simone de Beauvoir, Naomi Wolf and others. The subject of power is analyzed mainly in relation to the writings of Michel Foucault, Judith Butler and Pierre Bourdieu. From this perspective, I have attempted to make an informed criticism of the stereotypical and otherwise discriminatory images of gender present in the fairy tales. On the other hand, I have also recorded the instances in which gender normativity is subverted in the collection. In addition, the thesis attempts to employ an intersectional approach to analyzing the selected text, taking into account other categories significant to the dominant social order including not only gender, but also race/ethnicity, class, sexual identity,...

The dissertation thesis "The role of mediation in pre-divorce and post-divorce care in the Czech Republic" is about identification possibilities that the mediation brings to families, husbands and wives, and partners with solving difficult life situations like a divorce or a break up between partners. After it describes the impact of these interpersonal conflicts. Theoretical base of this thesis is: family crisis theory, individualized society theory, theory of gender inequality, but for all concept of harmonizing working and family life and changes on labor market. Main source of information was qualitative research of mediation clients and interviews with experts. In my thesis I analyze causes and consequences of conflicts in a partner life and through mediation I suggest a solution of consequences in the incurred situation, which seems like desired in wide society context.

The goal of this master's thesis "Gender analysis of textbooks" (in relation to choice of profession) is to introduce a gender analysis of three textbooks "Civics Education" used in the 8th grade of primary schools. I focus on presence of gender stereotypes and gender prejudice that could influence a choice of further education of schoolboys and schoolgirls and therefore their choice of future profession. In the thesis I consider the general education system as one of the crucial socialization tool of the society. It represents an institution that keeps power to maintain gender stereotypes and at the same time has got the power to change them. I examine illustrations and texts of mentioned textbooks through gender optics, and using qualitative and quantitative analysis.

This diploma thesis deals with the media representation of social classes and inequalities in the popular Czech series Most!. It focuses primarily on the conception of classes in Czech society and on aspects of the construction of everyday reality through the series. It also identifies the stereotypes, which have a potential influence on the formation of the viewer's opinions and attitudes. The thesis was created on the basis of a qualitative content analysis of the series with the aid of multimodal analysis, which focuses on linguistic and visual communication of the characters. To enrich this analysis, an element of the type was also added to the analysis. This type provides a comparison the characters with the social types in Czech society. The analysis of the paper was also inspired by the project Divided by Freedom, from the year of 2019, which divided society into several classes. The paper follows this research and class sorting and applies it to the series Most!. This diploma thesis defines social classes, the way in which they are represented and how this representation forms reality through stereotypes. Thanks to the element of type in the analysis, a set of typical characteristics was recognized which connected the series and living world.

Main purpose of this thesis is to pursue the question whether it is possible to find differences (and if so, which) in attitudes towards computer (or rather digital) games resulting from various family socio-cultural backgrounds and gender. In order to explore this, the thesis analyzes selected gaming behaviors along with the socio-cultural environment and gender stereotypes shaping the gamers. The research study focuses mainly on gamers' preference in choosing the game type, reflection of their approach and ways of dealing with this phenomenon exhibited by their parents. This thesis does not aim to state any general theory; it is rather attempting to offer specific insight into this issue. Keywords: digital games, computer games, games' classification, computer games entertainment, parental attitudes towards gaming, family socio-cultural standard, gender stereotypes, computer games usefulness/ harmfulness in its consumers, virtual communication in computer games.

This thesis deals with the depiction of racial and ethnic stereotypes in American animated cartoons particularly from the first half of the twentieth century. It studies the relationship between animation and American culture and examines how animation reflects and shapes American identity in terms of race and how it critiques and promotes American values and attitudes regarding race and ethnicity in particular. Considering the historical, political, legal and cultural background of the contemporary eras of American animation, the thesis analyses the portrayal of racial and ethnic features in animated cartoons from the 1920s to the 1960s. Such stereotypes represent, in my opinion, significant aspects of societal and cultural changes in American society of the examined eras of animation. The beginnings of the entertainment industry affected the booming era of animation by implementing commonly recognised literary stereotypes of the African-Americans into animated cartoons. This thesis strives to study the development of animated features of the racial stereotypes throughout the contemporary eras. It provides a brief systematic overview of the main eras that have significantly highlighted the start of animation as markers of race and ethnicity. Simultaneously, it discusses the problematic...

This thesis captures and describes the stereotypes of teenage and underage mothers regularly represented in British and American reality shows, broadcasted in the United Kingdom. The task of this paper is to explore and define the most frequent stereotypes presented by these TV shows on randomly selected samples. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the phenomenon of teenage and underage mothers in the UK as a result of underclass demonisation, poverty shaming and social stigma in the context of British culture and society. The second part of this thesis applies the theoretical findings and analyses the common stereotypes represented and displayed in particular reality shows broadcasted in the UK using qualitative content analysis.