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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Regularized Calibration of Jump-Diffusion Option Pricing Models

Nassar, Hiba January 2010 (has links)
An important issue in finance is model calibration. The calibration problem is the inverse of the option pricing problem. Calibration is performed on a set of option prices generated from a given exponential L´evy model. By numerical examples, it is shown that the usual formulation of the inverse problem via Non-linear Least Squares is an ill-posed problem. To achieve well-posedness of the problem, some regularization is needed. Therefore a regularization method based on relative entropy is applied.
22

Modelling Pathogen Evolution with Branching Processes

Alexander, Helen 28 July 2010 (has links)
Pathogen evolution poses a significant challenge to public health, as efforts to control the spread of infectious diseases struggle to keep up with a shifting target. To better understand this adaptive process, we turn to mathematical modelling. Specifically, we use multi-type branching processes to describe a pathogen's stochastic spread among members of a host population or growth within a single host. In each case, there is potential for new pathogen strains with different characteristics to arise through mutation. We first develop a specific model to study the emergence of a newly introduced infectious disease, where the pathogen must adapt to its new host or face extinction in this population. In an extension of previous models, we separate the processes of host-to-host contacts and disease transmission, in order to consider each of their contributions in isolation. We also allow for an arbitrary distribution of host contacts and arbitrary mutational pathways/rates among strains. This framework enables us to assess the impact of these various factors on the chance that the process develops into a large-scale epidemic. We obtain some intriguing results when interpreted in a biological context. Secondly, motivated by a desire to investigate the time course of pathogen evolutionary processes more closely, we derive some novel theoretical results for multi-type branching processes. Specifically, we obtain equations for: (1) the distribution of waiting time for a particular type to arise; and (2) the distribution of population numbers over time, conditioned on a particular type not having yet appeared. A few numerical examples scratch the surface of potential applications for these results, which we hope to develop further. / Thesis (Master, Mathematics & Statistics) -- Queen's University, 2010-07-28 11:43:22.984
23

Surface Charge Heterogeneities and Shear-Induced Coalescence of Bitumen Droplets

Lin, Feng Unknown Date
No description available.
24

Abordagem de martingais para análise assintótica do passeio aleatório do elefante / Martingale approach for asymptotic analysis of elephant random walk

Milton Miranda Neto 20 August 2018 (has links)
Neste trabalho, estudamos o passeio aleatório do elefante introduzido em (SCHUTZ; TRIMPER, 2004). Um processo estocástico não Markoviano com memória de alcance ilimitada que apresenta transição de fase. Nosso objetivo é demonstrar a convergência quase certa do passeio aleatório do elefante nos casos subcrítico e crítico. Além destes resultado, também apresentamos a demonstração do Teorema Central do Limite para ambos os regimes. Para o caso supercrítico, vamos demonstrar a convergência do passeio aleatório do elefante para uma variável aleatória não normal com base nos artigos (BAUR; BERTOIN, 2016), (BERCU, 2018) e (COLETTI; GAVA; SCHUTZ, 2017b). / In this work we study the elephant random walk introduced in (SCHUTZ; TRIMPER, 2004), a discrete time, non-Markovian stochastic process with unlimited range memory that presents phase transition. Our objective is to proof the almost sure convergence for the subcritical and critical regimes of the model. We also present a demonstration of the Central Limit Theorem for both regimes. For the supercritical regime we proof the convergence of the elephant random walk to a non-normal random variable based on the articles (BAUR; BERTOIN, 2016), (BERCU, 2018) and (COLETTI; GAVA; SCHUTZ, 2017b).
25

Um modelo estocástico para a transcrição do gene even-skipped de Drosophila melanogaster / A stochastic model to transcription of Drosophila melanogaster even-skipped gene

Guilherme Nery Prata 30 January 2013 (has links)
Nesta tese desenvolvemos um modelo estocástico para a transcrição do gene even-skipped de Drosophila melanogaster no qual a variável estocástica é o número de moléculas de mRNA transcritas. Nesse modelo, consideramos um gene com dois níveis de ativação sendo regulado externamente. As probabilidades de se encontrar o gene ligado ou desligado e com determinado número de moléculas de mRNA transcritas obedecem equações lineares dadas por processos markovianos de nascimento-e-morte (taxas de produção e degradação) e termos de chaveamento entre os níveis cujas dependências temporais são dadas por funções de Heaviside. Notamos que tal dependência é suficiente para garantir uma atividade transcricional inicial intensa seguida de uma súbita interrupção, conforme sugerem os dados experimentais. Desconsiderando efeitos difusivos e fenômenos de transporte, estendemos esse constructo às outras regiões do embrião, permitindo dependências espaciais apenas às termos de chaveamento, e o resultado gerado descreve os dados experimentais com boa concordância, indicando também que o aspecto binário do gene é suficiente para uma descrição semiquantitativa do fenômeno. Notavelmente, na região onde a listra se forma e concomitantemente a sua formação, o modelo prevê a redução do desvio quadrático (flutuação) e do ruído. Calculando a distribuição de probabilidade, verificamos que o regime estacionário é atingido antes da listra começar a desaparecer. Também estudamos uma conexão entre parâmetros do modelo e as proteínas envolvidas na regulação e, baseado em resultados da literatura, obtemos uma função com aproximadamente o mesmo efeito regulatório considerando gradientes de seis fatores de transcrição (Bcd, Hb, Gt, Kr, Kni e Tll) e apenas quatro sítios de ligação, o que sugere que a informação transcricional pode estar concentrada na regulação de poucos sítios. / In this thesis we develop a stochastic model to transcription of Drosophila melanogaster even-skipped gene in which the stochastic variable is the number of mRNA molecules transcribed. In this model we considered a gene with two activation levels being regulated externally. The probabilities of gene being on or off when there is a certain number of transcripts obey linear equations given by Markovian birth-and-death processes (production and degradation rates) and terms of switch between levels whose time-dependence is given by Heaviside functions. We note that is sufficient to ensure a strong transcriptional activity followed by a sudden disruption, as suggested by the experimental data. Disregarding diffusion effects and transport phenomena, we extend this construct to the others regions ot the embryo, allowing space-dependence only to terms of switch, and the results describe the experimental data with good agreement, indicating also that binary character of gene is sufficient to a semiquantitative description of the phenomenon. Notably, in the region where the stripe 2 is formed and simultaneously with its formation, the model predicts the reduction in standard deviation (fluctuation) and noise. By calculating the probability distribution, we find that stationary state is reached before stripe 2 starts to fade. We also study a connection between the parameters of the model and proteins involved in regulation and, based on results from the literature, we obtain a function with approximately the same regulatory effect considering six transcription factors (Bcd, Hb, Gt, Kr, Kni e Tll) and only four binding sites, suggesting that transcriptional information may be concentrated in regulation of few sites.
26

Metodos estocasticos com distribuições generalizadas para composição musical / Stochastic process with generalized distributions for musical composition

Carrilho, Frederick de Jesus 14 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Jonatas Manzolli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T15:30:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carrilho_FrederickdeJesus_M.pdf: 3673415 bytes, checksum: 516b28dcd827d35a6155906c6577271f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal a apresentação de técnicas composicionais desenvolvidas pelo autor com a utilização de métodos estocásticos e distribuição do material gerado em camadas e blocos como ferramentas no auxílio de geração de eventos musicais parametrizados. Para isto, se fez um levantamento e uma discussão dos processos composicionais relacionados ao escopo deste trabalho como os do compositor lannis Xenakis. Além das técnicas e das obras musicais resultantes deste processo, uma contribuição original é o programa XNKS, criado e desenvolvido durante a pesquisa e usado nas composições aqui apresentadas. Particularmente apresentamos o sistema composicional utilizado pelo autor na elaboração da obra EVENTVM III a qual é descrita em detalhes neste trabalho / Abstract: The present thesis has as main objective the presentation of compositional techniques developed by the author with the use of random methods and distribution of the material generated in layers and blocks as tools in the aid of generation of parameterized musical events. For this, it was made a survey and a discussion of related compositional processes of this work as that one of the composer Iannis Xenakis. In addition to the techniques and the resultant musical pieces of this process, an original contribution is program XNKS, created and developed during the research and in the compositions presented here. Particularly, we present the compositional system used by the author in the elaboration of piece EVENTVM III which is described in details in this work / Mestrado / Mestre em Música
27

Processos de difusão controlada = um estudo sobre sistemas em que a variação do controle aumenta a incerteza / Controlled diffusion processes : a suvey about systems in which the control variation increases the uncertainty

Souto, Rafael Fontes, 1984- 16 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: João Bosco Ribeiro do Val / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T02:55:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souto_RafaelFontes_M.pdf: 470367 bytes, checksum: 516cc5b88625a7d2e5142b69233188f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta dissertação apresenta uma caracterização para sistemas estocásticos em tempo contínuo em que a variação da ação de controle aumenta a incerteza sobre o estado. Este tipo de sistema pode ser aplicado em diversas áreas da ciência e da engenharia, haja vista sua capacidade de modelar sistemas estocásticos complexos, cujas dinâmicas não são completamente conhecidas. Processos de difusão controlada de Itô são usados para descrever a trajetória do estado, e a otimização é realizada por meio do método da programação dinâmica, sendo, portanto, necessária a resolução da equação de Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman. Adicionalmente, a utilização de ferramentas da análise de funções não suaves indicou a existência de uma região no espaço de estados onde a ação ótima de controle consiste na manutenção do controle que tem sido aplicado ao sistema, seja ele qual for. Intuitivamente, este resultado está de acordo com a natureza cautelosa do controle de sistemas subdeterminados. Finalmente, estudou-se analiticamente o caso particular de um sistema com custo quadrático. Este estudo revelou que a técnica desenvolvida permite o cálculo da solução ótima de maneira simples e eficaz para comportamentos assintóticos do sistema. Essa peculiaridade da solução vem de auxílio à obtenção da solução completa do problema via aproximações numéricas / Abstract: This dissertation presents a framework for continuous-time stochastic systems in which the control variations increase the state uncertainty. This type of system can be applied in several areas of science and engineering, due to its hability of modelling complex stochastic systems, for which the dynamics are not completely known. Controlled Itô diffusion processes are used in order to describe the state path, and the optimization was achieved by the dynamic programming method, so it was necessary to solve the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. In addition, tools from nonsmooth analysis indicated the existence of a region in the state space in which the optimal control action is characterized by no variation, no matter the previous control were. Intuitively, this result is expected from the cautionary nature of controlling underdetermined systems. Finally, it was analytically studied the particular case of a system with quadratic running costs. This study revealed that the technique developed allows the computation of the optimal solution in a simple and effective way for asymptotic behavior of the system. This feature of the solution comes in hand to obtain the complete solution of the problem by means of numerical approximations / Mestrado / Automação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
28

Filtros de partículas aplicados a sistemas max plus / Particle filters for max plus systems

Cândido, Renato Markele Ferreira, 1988- 24 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Rafael Santos Mendes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T01:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Candido_RenatoMarkeleFerreira_M.pdf: 1921815 bytes, checksum: a5e82ec1bfadd836b1ba66fda5ce00ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A principal contribuição desta dissertação é a proposta de algoritmos de filtragem por partículas em sistemas a eventos discretos nos quais predominam os problemas de sincronização. Esta classe de sistemas pode ser descrita por meio de equações lineares em uma álgebra não convencional usualmente conhecida como álgebra Max Plus. Os Filtros de Partículas são algoritmos Bayesianos sub-ótimos que realizam uma amostragem sequencial de Monte Carlo para construir uma aproximação discreta da densidade de probabilidade dos estados baseada em um conjunto de partículas com pesos associados. É apresentada uma revisão de sistemas a eventos discretos, de filtragem não linear e de filtros de partículas de um modo geral. Após apresentar esta base teórica, são propostos dois algoritmos de filtros de partículas aplicados a sistemas Max Plus. Em seguida algumas simulações foram apresentadas e os resultados apresentados mostraram a eficiência dos filtros desenvolvidos / Abstract: This thesis proposes, as its main contribution, particle filtering algorithms for discrete event systems in which synchronization phenomena are prevalent. This class of systems can be described by linear equation systems in a nonconventional algebra commonly known as Max Plus algebra. Particles Filters are suboptimal Bayesian algorithms that perform a sequential Monte Carlo sampling to construct a discrete approximation of the probability density of states based on a set of particles with associated weights. It is presented a review of discrete event systems, nonlinear filtering and particle filters. After presenting this theoretical background, two particle filtering algorithms applied to Max Plus systems are proposed. Finally some simulation results are presented, confirming the accuracy of the designed filters / Mestrado / Automação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
29

Ruleta a herní systémy / Roulette and its strategies

Zadražil, Tomáš January 2017 (has links)
Objective of this thesis is to describe history of gambling, in a context of roulette to explain basic and advanced parts of probability theory which allow to the reader to decide about function of several popular roulette systems. There was mainly used expected value of discrete random variable, homogenous discrete-time Markov chain and simulations made in programming language R. Concrete output of the thesis are in precisely calculated expected values of a profit with fixed spins and with chosen limitation and corresponding estimations provided by simulation. On the basis of that it's possible to decide which systems are functional and which are not. Main contribution of this text is in didactical approach which helps to describe popular problematics of roulette systems by using basic and advanced areas of probability theory.
30

Stochastické metódy v riadení portfólia / Stochastic methods in portfolio management

Kobulnická, Ivana January 2017 (has links)
This master thesis aims to describe and apply in practice solutions of basic tasks in portfolio management- portfolio optimization, portfolio modelling and risk management. As value of financial assets in future is a random variable, it is necessary to use mathematic tools resulting from probability theory and statistics. Basic terms from this area are for example stochastic Wiener process or geometric Brownian motion, which are described in first part of this thesis. Next parts of thesis describe the Markowitz model or method Value at Risk. In the last part of thesis is application of calculation VaR using Monte Carlo simulation for stock portfolio constructed as optimal portfolio according to Markowitz model from real data.

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